CN109145455A - A kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing - Google Patents

A kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing Download PDF

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CN109145455A
CN109145455A CN201810974165.7A CN201810974165A CN109145455A CN 109145455 A CN109145455 A CN 109145455A CN 201810974165 A CN201810974165 A CN 201810974165A CN 109145455 A CN109145455 A CN 109145455A
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transmission tower
power transmission
monitoring point
component
point
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菅明健
张忠文
杜宝帅
邓化凌
杨波
张广成
张都清
张用
张华恺
袁堂青
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
Shandong Electric Power Industrial Boiler Pressure Vessel Inspection Center Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
Shandong Electric Power Industrial Boiler Pressure Vessel Inspection Center Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing, and the method includes: S1: according to Transmission Tower design drawing, establishing power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model;S2: being based on power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, calculates statics parameter, generates statics monitoring point;S3: power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, computational dynamics parameter, generation theorem monitoring point are based on;S4: seeking optimal solution based on genetic algorithm, and suitable vibration monitoring point and strain monitoring point are chosen from statics monitoring point and dynamics monitoring point.The present invention is based on the stress point analysis of power transmission tower, and carry out the mechanical analysis of stress point, filter out a certain number of monitoring points, under the premise of ensuring monitoring result accuracy, realize the appropriate selection of monitoring point quantity and position.

Description

A kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing
Technical field
The invention belongs to power transmission towers to monitor field, and in particular to a kind of monitoring for power transmission tower mechanical property testing clicks Take method.
Background technique
The basic function of iron tower structure monitoring is realized by sensing system, and theoretically, structure monitoring makes Sensor is more, and the description of architectural characteristic is more accurate.But the quantity of sensor is always limited, reasonable Arrangement sensor It is the premise for guaranteeing structure monitoring quality, the matter laid especially for labyrinth as large span power transmission tower, sensor Measure it is particularly important, under the premise of clear monitoring project, in order in the real time environment monitoring signals of Noise utilize institute The limited sensor laid, obtains monitoring information as much as possible, and has measured value to Transmission Tower variation sensitivity Good robustness realizes the optimal acquisition for changing information to configuration state, needs according to Transmission Tower feature and measurement item Part optimizes sensor laying.
Currently, the experience and standard laid there are no sensor can be used for reference in iron tower structure health monitoring.About biography The research and application of theoretical question are laid in the optimization of sensor, and what application was more at present is that the sensor arrangement based on random vibration is excellent Change theory, validity is initially set up on the basis of Modal Test quality, and the type of sensor, position and quantity are to mode Test result plays a decisive role, and seriously affects monitoring result.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention proposes a kind of monitoring point selection sides for power transmission tower mechanical property testing Method, the stress point analysis based on power transmission tower, and the mechanical analysis of stress point is carried out, a certain number of monitoring points are filtered out, true Under the premise of protecting monitoring result accuracy, the appropriate selection of monitoring point quantity and position is realized.
The technical scheme is that realize in the following manner:
A kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing, the method include:
S1: according to Transmission Tower design drawing, power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model is established;
S2: being based on power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, calculates statics parameter, generates statics monitoring point;
S3: power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, computational dynamics parameter, generation theorem monitoring point are based on;
S4: seeking optimal solution based on genetic algorithm, and suitable vibration is chosen from statics monitoring point and dynamics monitoring point Dynamic monitoring point and strain monitoring point.
Further, the specific implementation of step S1 are as follows:
S11: it inputs power transmission tower rod piece coordinate with ANSYS finite element software according to Transmission Tower drawing, length, cut Face, density, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus establish power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model;
S12: according to the design requirement or actual measured value of power transmission tower stress, the boundary condition of finite element model is determined.
Further, the specific implementation process of step S2 are as follows:
S21: the intensity of stretch bending component, the local stability of bending component and stiffness of structural member are calculated separately;
S22: the calculated result in judgment step S21, if more than the 60% of design value, if so, being selected as static(al) school superintendent Measuring point.
Further, in step S21, the calculation formula of stretch bending component intensity are as follows:
In formula, N is axle power;M is uniaxial force component strength reduction coefficient, to single limb angle cleat component m=0.85;An For component net section product;M is moment-curvature relationship;mMFor flexural member strength of stability reduction coefficient, to single limb angle cleat component mM =1.0;WnFor component net section resistance moment;f1For the strength failure criterion of stretch bending component material.
Further, in step S21, the calculation formula of bending component local stability are as follows:
Wherein, N is axle power;φ is that members shaft presses the coefficient of stability, and diagonal steel member is pressed minimum principal axis of inertia and determined;mNFor pressure Bar strength of stability reduction coefficient, to equilateral double angle component mN=1.0;A is component gross cross-sectional product;M is moment-curvature relationship;mMFor Flexural member strength of stability reduction coefficient, to single limb angle cleat component mM=1.0;W is component gross cross-sectional resistance moment.
Further, in step S21, calculating for stiffness of structural member is guaranteed using the method for limiting member slenderness ratio The rigidity of component, max calculation slenderness ratio λ are not more than maximum slenderness-ratio allowable [λ], it may be assumed that λ≤[λ], wherein slenderness ratio λ is pressed Formula calculates: λ=l0/ r≤[λ], r is the component radius of gyration, l in formula0For computational length, slenderness ratio allowable presses code requirement value.
Further, the specific implementation process of step S3 are as follows: firstly, the conducting wire hitch point in steel tower cross-arm adds centainly Conducting wire participates in quality;Then the dynamic characteristics for calculating steel tower, calculated result is compared with measured result, according to the difference of the two Different situation is again adjusted the participation quality of conducting wire, until the global error of calculating and practical frequency that former ranks are vibrated is most It is small;Finally, carrying out model analysis to modified final threedimensional model, calculating 30 rank modal parameters before structure, if transmission of electricity There is local mode in tower first order mode, then the position is dynamics monitoring point.
Further, the specific implementation process of step S4 are as follows:
S41: according to 30 rank mode before steel tower, the fitness f based on modal strain energy is calculateda, utilize measuring point group Fitness faBy successive ignition, until the fitness average value of measuring point group no longer improves, remaining measuring point is then vibration prison Measuring point;
S42: according to 30 rank mode before steel tower, the fitness f based on bending deformation energy is calculatedb, utilize measuring point group Fitness fbBy successive ignition, until the fitness average value of measuring point group no longer reduces, remaining measuring point is then strain prison Measuring point.
Further, the fitness f based on modal strain energyaFor
In formula, φ is the vibration shape, is obtained by finite element dynamics calculation;M is measuring point, including statics monitoring point and dynamics Monitoring point;krsFor the stiffness effect coefficient between r point and s point;The r of respectively i-th, the j vibration shape, s component;r,s ∈ m indicates that r, s are limited to whole measuring points.
Further, the fitness f based on bending deformation energybFor
In formula, EI is the elasticity modulus and cross sectional moment of inertia of beam;(camber mode is by position for the r component of jth camber mode The secondary middle difference coefficient of shifting formwork state acquires);Θ is the set of all non-measuring points, and r ∈ Θ indicates that r is limited to all non-measuring points.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The application has fully considered the actual force structure of power transmission tower, and the distribution and actual loading size in conjunction with stress point are Threedimensional model establishes standard, and the measurement result of calculated result and actual loading is closest, improves the accurate of monitoring point selection.
The selection of stress point had both considered power transmission tower at every moment existing statics parameter, to the power of each possible point It learns parameter accurately to be calculated, realize compared with design value, to stress be more than the point key monitoring of design value 60%, and include It is likely to occur, it is also possible to which the kinetic parameter not occurred utilizes local mode to find dynamic monitoring point, it is ensured that monitoring point Covering comprehensively promotes the accuracy of monitoring and comprehensive, can find the structure problem of power transmission tower in time.
Analysis is optimized to the static monitoring techniques point and Dynamic Monitoring Points after accurate calculate using the characteristic of genetic algorithm, On the one hand the monitoring point finally selected is enabled to maximize the entire monitoring effect of reflection.On the other hand, it is also possible that monitoring point Quantity effectively deleted, realize monitoring point quality and quantity organic combination, improve the accuracy of reconnaissance, greatly reduce The quantity of monitoring point arrangement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention;
Fig. 2 is transmission of electricity tap transducer initial placement scheme;
Fig. 3 is the final layout drawing of sensor.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing specific embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, following disclosure provides specific embodiment For realizing the device of the invention and method, those skilled in the art is made to be more clearly understood that how to realize the present invention.In order to Simplify disclosure of the invention, hereinafter the component of specific examples and setting are described.In addition, the present invention can be in different examples Repeat reference numerals or letter in son.This repetition is for purposes of simplicity and clarity, itself not indicate discussed various Relationship between embodiment or setting.It should be noted that illustrated component is not drawn necessarily to scale in the accompanying drawings.The present invention saves The description to known assemblies and treatment technology and process has been omited to avoid the present invention is unnecessarily limiting.It will be appreciated that though this Invention describes its preferred embodiment, however these are elaborations to embodiment, rather than limits the present invention Range.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing, it is described Method the following steps are included:
S1: according to Transmission Tower design drawing, power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model is established.
The specific implementation of step S1 are as follows:
Firstly, according to Transmission Tower drawing, with ANSYS finite element software, input power transmission tower rod piece coordinate, length, Section, density, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus establish power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model.
Secondly, determining the boundary condition of finite element model, i.e., according to the design requirement or actual measured value of power transmission tower stress Grounded-line load is applied to hanging point position, the freedom degree of four column foots is all constrained, for calculating the deformation of structure and each The interior force component of unit.
S2: being based on power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, calculates statics parameter, generates statics monitoring point.
The principle of step S2 are as follows: calculate separately the intensity of stretch bending component, the local stability of bending component and stiffness of structural member; Calculated result is analyzed, if more than the 60% of design value, if so, being selected as statics monitoring point.
The calculation formula of stretch bending component intensity are as follows:
In formula, N is axle power;M is uniaxial force component strength reduction coefficient, to single limb angle cleat component m=0.85;An For component net section product;M is moment-curvature relationship;mMFor flexural member strength of stability reduction coefficient, to single limb angle cleat component mM =1.0;WnFor component net section resistance moment;f1For the strength failure criterion of stretch bending component material.
Transmission Tower is after by load action, there are about the collective effect that the rod piece of half bears axial compressive force and moment of flexure, this A little rod pieces a possibility that there may be unstabilitys.Product of the forfeiture of power transmission tower overall stability just because of each rod piece local buckling It is tired, it is changed into structure caused by mechanism.
The calculation formula of bending component local stability are as follows:
Wherein, N is axle power;φ is that members shaft presses the coefficient of stability, and diagonal steel member is pressed minimum principal axis of inertia and determined;mNFor pressure Bar strength of stability reduction coefficient, to equilateral double angle component mN=1.0;A is component gross cross-sectional product;M is moment-curvature relationship;mMFor Flexural member strength of stability reduction coefficient, to single limb angle cleat component mM=1.0;W is component gross cross-sectional resistance moment.
Calculating for stiffness of structural member guarantees the rigidity of component, max calculation using the method for limiting member slenderness ratio Slenderness ratio λ is not more than maximum slenderness-ratio allowable [λ], it may be assumed that λ≤[λ], wherein slenderness ratio λ is calculated as follows: λ=l0/ r≤[λ], R is the component radius of gyration, l in formula0For computational length, slenderness ratio allowable presses code requirement value.
S3: power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, computational dynamics parameter, generation theorem monitoring point are based on.Its principle are as follows: According to power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, with ANSYS software, carry out dynamics calculation, output modalities parameter (intrinsic frequency, The vibration shape and damping).
The specific implementation process of step S3 are as follows: firstly, the conducting wire hitch point in steel tower cross-arm adds certain conducting wire participation Quality;Then the dynamic characteristics for calculating steel tower, calculated result is compared with measured result, again according to the difference condition of the two The participation quality of conducting wire is adjusted, until the calculating of former ranks vibration and the global error of practical frequency are minimum;Finally, right Modified final threedimensional model carries out model analysis, 30 rank modal parameters before structure is calculated, if power transmission tower first order mode There is local mode, then the position is dynamics monitoring point.
Wherein, low order (preceding 10 rank) vibration shape of normal configuration is the high-order based on whole translation, rotation (after 10 ranks) The vibration shape may excitation structure weak part local vibration, that is, there is local mode.
By the above analytical calculation, power transmission tower sensor arrangement measuring point number m, measuring point number m include static(al) Hygienic monitoring on hands of childhood at determination Point and dynamics monitoring point.
For vibrating and straining the arrangement of measuring point, on the basis of m measuring point, laying theory analysis is optimized.By Globally optimal solution is easily reached in genetic algorithm, the optimal measuring point of the sensor suitable for large and complex structure lays problem.Therefore, right The arrangement of measuring point is vibrated and strained in power transmission tower health monitoring systems, laying is optimized using the method based on genetic algorithm Theory analysis.
S4: seeking optimal solution based on genetic algorithm, and suitable vibration is chosen from statics monitoring point and dynamics monitoring point Dynamic monitoring point and strain monitoring point.
In the theory analysis that application genetic algorithm carries out vibrating sensor preferred arrangement, according to 30 rank mould before steel tower State carries out the optimization of vibration measuring point using the fitness based on modal strain energy.Fitness definition based on modal strain energy Are as follows:
In formula, φ is the vibration shape, is obtained by the above finite element dynamics calculation;M is measuring point, that is, passes through the above power transmission tower static(al) It learns, the Sensor quantity that dynamics calculation obtains.Then krsFor the stiffness effect coefficient between r point and s point;Point Not Wei i-th, the j vibration shape r, s component;R, s ∈ m indicate that r, s are limited to whole measuring points.
Fitness faIt is the bigger the better.Exist between m measuring point and influences each other and interactive relation, the genetic algorithm are exactly to utilize The fitness f of measuring point groupaBy successive ignition (heredity), make the fitness f of measuring point groupaAverage value be continuously improved, simultaneously Give up to fitness faThe measuring point that has an adverse effect of value increase, until the fitness average value of measuring point group no longer mentions Height, then iterative process terminates, and remaining measuring point is then preferred measuring point.
The optimization of strain monitoring section is carried out also according to 30 rank mode before steel tower to the strain monitoring of steel tower.But it answers Become measuring point optimization using the fitness for being different from vibration measuring point.Since the strain of the outermost fibers of beam is proportional to the song of beam, column Rate, therefore find the optimal of strain transducer with camber mode and layout, using the fitness based on bending deformation energy, i.e.,
In formula, E, I are the elasticity modulus and cross sectional moment of inertia of beam;Jth camber mode r component (camber mode by The secondary middle difference coefficient of displacement modes acquires);Θ is the set of all non-measuring points, and r ∈ Θ indicates that r is limited to all non-measuring points.
Fitness fbIt is smaller more excellent.Exist between m measuring point and influences each other and interactive relation, the genetic algorithm are exactly to utilize The fitness f of measuring point groupaBy successive ignition (heredity), make the fitness f of measuring point groupbAverage value constantly reduce, simultaneously Give up to fitness fbValue reduce the measuring point that has an adverse effect, until the fitness average value of measuring point group no longer drops Low, then iterative process terminates, and remaining measuring point is then preferred measuring point.
By optimization algorithm above, m measuring point is further simplified as practical measuring point quantity n.
As Fig. 2 illustrates that process is chosen in entire monitoring point so that JT41 does font single loop angle tower as an example.
The tower exhales 30 meters high, total 45 meters high, horizontal span 400m.The main limb of the tower by different size the angle Q420 and Q345 Steel is formed by connecting, and oblique material is formed by the Q235 Bolted angle connection of different size.Wire type is LGJ-400/35, ground wire model GJ-50.According to operating condition and structure, position is paid close attention to for emphasis at four column foots, tower head grounded-line suspension etc., by finite element Statics, the preliminary arrangement of dynamics calculation sensor are as shown in Fig. 2, totally 44 measuring points.
By the genetic algorithm and correlation experience of optimizing the locations of the measuring points, sensor arrangement final scheme such as Fig. 3 institute is determined Show, is left 1,2,6,11,12,16,20,21,22,26,30,31,32,36,41,42,43,44 totally 18 Sensors, often A measuring point places vibrating sensor and strain transducer.
Vibrating sensor uses China Seismological Bureau Engineering Mechanical Institute 941B type vibration pickup, it belongs to, and moving-coil is reciprocating to be picked up Shake device, is mainly used for the fluctuation measurement of ground and works, the ultralow frequency of tall and slender structure significantly measures and weak vibration measurement. Strain transducer be by standard foil gauge composition bridge circuit be solidificated in elastic ring, by magnetic force suction base can be convenient it is fixed To any position of structure for needing to measure dynamic stress.
In addition, application range of the invention is not limited to the technique, mechanism, system of specific embodiment described in specification It makes, material composition, means, method and step.From the disclosure, will be easy as those skilled in the art Ground understands, for current technique that is existing or will developing later, mechanism, manufacture, material composition, means, method or Step, the knot that the function or acquisition that wherein they are executed is substantially the same with the corresponding embodiment that the present invention describes are substantially the same Fruit can apply them according to the present invention.Therefore, appended claims of the present invention are intended to these techniques, mechanism, system It makes, material composition, means, method or step are included in its protection scope.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing, which is characterized in that the method includes:
S1: according to Transmission Tower design drawing, power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model is established;
S2: being based on power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, calculates statics parameter, generates statics monitoring point;
S3: power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model, computational dynamics parameter, generation theorem monitoring point are based on;
S4: seeking optimal solution based on genetic algorithm, and suitable vibration prison is chosen from statics monitoring point and dynamics monitoring point Measuring point and strain monitoring point.
2. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 1, feature exist In the specific implementation of step S1 are as follows:
S11: according to Transmission Tower drawing, with ANSYS finite element software, input power transmission tower rod piece coordinate, length, section, Density, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus establish power transmission tower three-dimensional finite element model;
S12: according to the design requirement or actual measured value of power transmission tower stress, the boundary condition of finite element model is determined.
3. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 1, feature exist In the specific implementation process of step S2 are as follows:
S21: the intensity of stretch bending component, the local stability of bending component and stiffness of structural member are calculated separately;
S22: the calculated result in judgment step S21, if more than the 60% of design value, if so, being selected as statics monitoring point.
4. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 3, feature exist In, in step S21, the calculation formula of stretch bending component intensity are as follows:
In formula, N is axle power;M is uniaxial force component strength reduction coefficient, to single limb angle cleat component m=0.85;AnFor structure Part net section product;M is moment-curvature relationship;mMFor flexural member strength of stability reduction coefficient, to single limb angle cleat component mM= 1.0;WnFor component net section resistance moment;f1For the strength failure criterion of stretch bending component material.
5. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 3, feature exist In, in step S21, the calculation formula of bending component local stability are as follows:
Wherein, N is axle power;φ is that members shaft presses the coefficient of stability, and diagonal steel member is pressed minimum principal axis of inertia and determined;mNIt is steady for compression bar Strength reduction factor is determined, to equilateral double angle component mN=1.0;A is component gross cross-sectional product;M is moment-curvature relationship;mMFor by curved Component stability strength reduction factor, to single limb angle cleat component mM=1.0;W is component gross cross-sectional resistance moment.
6. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 3, feature exist In in step S21, calculating for stiffness of structural member guarantees the rigidity of component using the method for limiting member slenderness ratio, maximum It calculates slenderness ratio λ and is not more than maximum slenderness-ratio allowable [λ], it may be assumed that λ≤[λ], wherein slenderness ratio λ is calculated as follows: λ=l0/r≤ [λ], r is the component radius of gyration, l in formula0For computational length, slenderness ratio allowable presses code requirement value.
7. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 1, feature exist In the specific implementation process of step S3 are as follows: firstly, the conducting wire hitch point in steel tower cross-arm adds certain conducting wire participation quality; Then the dynamic characteristics for calculating steel tower, calculated result is compared with measured result, according to the difference condition of the two again to leading The participation quality of line is adjusted, until the calculating of former ranks vibration and the global error of practical frequency are minimum;Finally, to modification Final threedimensional model afterwards carries out model analysis, calculates 30 rank modal parameters before structure, if power transmission tower first order mode occurs Local mode, then the position is dynamics monitoring point.
8. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 1, feature exist In the specific implementation process of step S4 are as follows:
S41: according to 30 rank mode before steel tower, the fitness f based on modal strain energy is calculateda, utilize the fitness of measuring point group faBy successive ignition, until the fitness average value of measuring point group no longer improves, remaining measuring point is then vibration monitoring point;
S42: according to 30 rank mode before steel tower, the fitness f based on bending deformation energy is calculatedb, utilize the fitness of measuring point group fbBy successive ignition, until the fitness average value of measuring point group no longer reduces, remaining measuring point is then strain monitoring point.
9. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 8, feature exist In the fitness f based on modal strain energyaFor
In formula, φ is the vibration shape, is obtained by finite element dynamics calculation;M is measuring point, including statics monitoring point and power Hygienic monitoring on hands of childhood Point;krsFor the stiffness effect coefficient between r point and s point;The r of respectively i-th, the j vibration shape, s component;R, s ∈ m table Show that r, s are limited to whole measuring points.
10. a kind of monitoring point choosing method for power transmission tower mechanical property testing according to claim 8, feature exist In the fitness f based on bending deformation energybFor
In formula, EI is the elasticity modulus and cross sectional moment of inertia of beam;(camber mode is by displacement mould for the r component of jth camber mode The secondary middle difference coefficient of state acquires);Θ is the set of all non-measuring points, and r ∈ Θ indicates that r is limited to all non-measuring points.
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CN110334459A (en) * 2019-07-11 2019-10-15 广东电网有限责任公司 A kind of power transmission tower tower wire body system quickly refines modeling and method
CN112013908A (en) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-01 国家电网有限公司 Method for monitoring state of key stress point of overhead transmission line
CN112632833A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-09 国网河北省电力有限公司保定供电分公司 Method and device for optimizing arrangement of tilt angle sensors of power transmission tower
CN113565701A (en) * 2021-08-24 2021-10-29 大唐广元风电开发有限公司 Wind power tower cylinder vibration monitoring system and monitoring method thereof
CN117786914A (en) * 2024-02-27 2024-03-29 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 Component hole reduction stress evaluation method for realizing digital intelligent power grid and cooperative operation system

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CN110160492B (en) * 2019-05-10 2021-09-21 柳成荫 Method and device for monitoring inclination of power transmission tower
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