CN109143372B - Cable depth combination selection method and system for marine over-and-under cable towing cable broadband acquisition - Google Patents
Cable depth combination selection method and system for marine over-and-under cable towing cable broadband acquisition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cable depth combination selection method and a system for wide-frequency acquisition of an ocean cable towing cable, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths; establishing a relation between two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths and a seabed primary reflection wave field signal with the same depth; obtaining a ghost operator based on the relationship; and (5) suppressing ghost wave signals by utilizing a ghost wave operator to obtain a seabed primary reflection wave field. The invention can improve the data quality by optimizing the sinking depth combination of the upper cable and the lower cable; the optimal streamer depth can be selected according to the desired frequency range. In addition, by introducing Gaussian distribution, the size and the amplitude of a white noise factor are effectively controlled, and equation singularity is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine earthquake broadband acquisition, and particularly relates to an optimized selection technology of cable depth combination in marine cable loading and unloading acquisition technologies.
Background
In the current marine conventional streamer acquisition technology, regardless of the length of the streamer, the number of the detectors and the arrangement of the seismic source subarray, the detectors and the seismic sources are both submerged under the water surface to a fixed depth so as to obtain more stable original data.
However, both practical application effects and theoretical analysis show that the conventional horizontal streamer acquisition technology has the contradiction that fish and bear palms cannot be obtained, and when a sea bottom reflected wave passes through the sea surface, the sea bottom reflected wave undergoes one-time sea surface reflection and is received by a detector. Therefore, the detector receives ghost waves related to the sea surface besides the primary reflection of the sea bottom, namely ghost reflection, the ghost waves are superposed at the tail of the primary waves, the amplitude of the primary waves is influenced, even a false in-phase axis is generated, and the resolution of seismic records is reduced; meanwhile, the ghost wave trap phenomenon causes the effective frequency band of the seismic record to be narrowed, and the energy of the low-frequency end is reduced.
Unlike conventional streamer acquisition techniques, Over/under streamers (Over/under streamers) tow two or more parallel cables simultaneously in a vertical plane to obtain raw data at different depths. In the processing stage, by combining the collected seismic records with different cable depths, the seismic signal up-going wave field without ghost waves under a certain depth, namely the seabed primary reflection signal, can be obtained, so that the influence of the ghost waves on the seismic records is eliminated, the seismic data frequency band is widened, and the recording resolution is improved.
The acquisition and processing technology of the upper and lower cable acquisition technology is mature day by day, Sonneland Amundsen and the like successively put forward the separation technology of the up-going wave field of the upper and lower cable acquisition technology, and the technology is really popularized to practical application. In order to eliminate the influence of sea surface fluctuation on the merging effect of the upper cable and the lower cable, Ferber proposes a towing cable combination of the upper cable, the middle cable and the lower cable.
However, the domestic upper and lower cable collection technology starts late, in recent years, wide-band test collection is attempted by using the upper and lower cables in offshore China, Hujianwi and the like propose upper and lower cable data combination processing based on a wave field continuation least square method, and Liuchun formation and the like determine the frequency band range of the occurrence of the equivalent notch by analyzing the equivalent notch frequency characteristics of the upper and lower cable combination operators. However, the cable depth selection technology of the cable feeding and discharging acquisition technology is rarely researched in China and is difficult to popularize.
For the data processing of the upper and lower cable acquisition technologies, the merging effect is not only related to ghost operators, but also closely related to the sinking depths of the upper and lower cables and the signal-to-noise ratios of the upper and lower cable acquisition technologies, and the merging operators of the upper and lower cables can know that the sinking depths of the upper and lower cables determine the frequency band range where equivalent trapped waves appear, but at present, a complete upper and lower cable deep combination selection scheme is not provided, the acquisition effect is difficult to guarantee, the technology popularization and popularization are not facilitated, and the practical application of the upper and lower cable acquisition technologies is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention starts from basic acquisition to obtain ocean broadband seismic original data, and is used for solving the problems of serious ghost wave influence, low-frequency deficiency, wave trapping phenomenon, narrow effective frequency band and the like in ocean seismic acquisition.
According to one invention of the invention, a cable depth combination selection method for wide-frequency acquisition of marine over-and-under cable towlines is provided, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths;
establishing a relation between two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths and a seabed primary reflection wave field signal with the same depth;
obtaining a ghost operator based on the relationship;
and pressing ghost wave signals by utilizing a ghost wave operator to obtain a seabed primary reflection wave field, and selecting a cable depth combination based on the seabed primary reflection wave field.
Further, two sets of pressure wavefield signals at different depths are obtained, namely:
in the formula, P is a pressure wave field signal, U is a seabed primary reflection signal, and D is a ghost wave signal.
Further, the establishing of the relationship between the two sets of pressure wave field signals with different depths and the sea bottom primary reflection wave field signal with the same depth comprises the following steps:
assuming that the sea surface reflection coefficient is R, the sea surface reflection coefficient is obtained based on the wave field continuation principle:
according to the wave field continuation principle, the depth z2The primary reflection wavefield at the sea bottom is denoted as z1Prolongation of primary reflection wave field at sea bottom:
k is the wave number, and can be obtained by the following formula:
P1and P2Respectively representing the cable-on and cable-off pressure wavefield signals, z1And z2Representing the streamer and streamer depths, respectively.
Further, the ghost operator is a coefficient in equation (5):
G1and G2Representing the cable up and cable down ghost operators.
Further, the method for suppressing ghost signals by using a ghost operator to obtain the seabed primary reflection wave field comprises the following steps:
()*and (3) representing a complex conjugate matrix, and obtaining the result without considering the influence of environment and data on the merging effect:
further, in order to avoid singularity in equation 1/G, a white noise factor is introduced, and then:
ε1and ε2Representing the upper and lower cable white noise factors.
Further, a gaussian distribution is introduced to control the magnitude and amplitude of the white noise factor, i.e.:
wherein, the expected value u determines the position of Gaussian distribution, the standard deviation sigma determines the amplitude of the distribution, and x is the maximum value of the amplitude, namely 1/G singular point.
Due to U1Influenced by the wavenumber k (i.e. frequency) and therefore the effect of the cable depth combination on the combining effect can be calculated from the desired frequency range. Analyzing all the depth combinations of the upper cable and the lower cable, namely, the cable depth combination with the least notch influence, namely, the combination of the upper cable and the lower cable, which is the optimal combination, can be optimized, namely:
Uopt＝min(U1), (11)。
according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cable depth combination selection system for wide-band acquisition of marine over-and-under streamers, comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
obtaining two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths;
establishing a relation between two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths and a seabed primary reflection wave field signal with the same depth;
obtaining a ghost operator based on the relationship;
and pressing ghost wave signals by utilizing a ghost wave operator to obtain a seabed primary reflection wave field, and selecting a cable depth combination based on the seabed primary reflection wave field.
Further, equation singularity is avoided by introducing a white noise factor.
Further, the magnitude and amplitude of the white noise factor is controlled by introducing a gaussian distribution.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recording medium having stored therein computer-executable instructions; when the computer executable instructions are executed, the following steps are executed:
obtaining two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths;
establishing a relation between two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths and a seabed primary reflection wave field signal with the same depth;
obtaining a ghost operator based on the relationship;
and pressing ghost wave signals by utilizing a ghost wave operator to obtain a seabed primary reflection wave field, and selecting a cable depth combination based on the seabed primary reflection wave field.
The present invention has the following distinct advantages over the prior art. The invention can improve the data quality by optimizing the sinking depth combination of the upper cable and the lower cable; the optimal streamer depth can be selected according to the desired frequency range. In addition, by introducing Gaussian distribution, the size and the amplitude of a white noise factor are effectively controlled, and equation singularity is avoided.
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The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in greater detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 shows a company's cable acquisition 11m-22m cable deep combination equivalent notch frequency spectrum.
FIG. 2 shows spectral analysis comparison of the 11m-22m cable depth combined raw data and merged data acquired by a company on and off the cable, wherein (a) is the 11m spectral analysis of the streamer, (b) is the 22m spectral analysis of the streamer, and (c) is the spectral analysis of the merged data of the streamer 11m and the 22 m.
Fig. 3 shows the effect of different cable depth combinations on the notch for the frequency range 0-250 hz.
FIG. 4 shows the preferred 5m- -12m cable deep combination equivalent notch frequency spectrum herein.
FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of a cable depth combination selection method for wide-frequency acquisition of marine over-and-under streamers according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The core part of the upper and lower cable acquisition technology is the acquisition of broadband original data and the merging processing of the upper and lower cable data, and the problems of ghost waves, low-frequency deficiency, trap phenomena and the like cannot be effectively eliminated due to improper deep combination selection of the upper and lower cables. By analyzing the merging operators of the upper cable and the lower cable, the sinking depths of the upper cable and the lower cable determine the frequency band range of the occurrence of the trapped wave points, otherwise, the influence of trapped waves can be reduced by properly changing the sinking depth combination of the upper cable and the lower cable, the optimal effect of the wide-frequency acquisition technology of the upper cable and the lower cable is exerted, the low-frequency energy is improved, trapped waves are suppressed, and the frequency band of original data is widened.
The invention provides an optimized selection method of cable deep combination in the ocean upper and lower cable broadband acquisition technology by using equivalent trapped wave frequency characteristics of upper and lower cable different-depth combinations and constructing upper and lower cable combination ghost operators, and finds out the cable deep-laying combination with the smallest trapped wave influence, so as to avoid equation singularity, and the size and amplitude of a white noise factor can be effectively controlled by adopting a Gaussian distribution function. In addition, a plurality of groups of cables are preferably combined deeply, ghost waves are good in pressing effect, and upper and lower cables can be conveniently collected and implemented.
As shown in fig. 5, the present disclosure provides a cable depth combination selection method for broadband acquisition of marine over-and-under cables, including:
obtaining two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths;
establishing a relation between two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths and a seabed primary reflection wave field signal with the same depth;
obtaining a ghost operator based on the relationship;
and pressing ghost wave signals by utilizing a ghost wave operator to obtain a seabed primary reflection wave field, and selecting a cable depth combination based on the seabed primary reflection wave field.
Because the sea surface is the free surface, there is obvious sea surface reflection, therefore, the pressure field P that the detector received not only contains ascending seabed and once reflects signal U, still includes the descending ghost wave signal D of sea surface, promptly:
P＝U+D, (1)
for the upper and lower cable collection technology, we have two sets of detectors, which respectively receive different up-down traveling wave signals, and because of being at different depths, the noise level also has differences, namely:
assuming that the sea surface reflection coefficient is R, the sea surface reflection coefficient can be obtained based on the wave field continuation principle:
and according to the wave field continuation principle, depth z2The primary reflection wavefield at the sea bottom can be expressed as z1Prolongation of primary reflection wave field at sea bottom:
wherein k iszIn vertical wavenumbers:
k is the wave number, and can be obtained by the following formula:
P1and P2Respectively representing cable-in and cable-out pressure wave fieldsNumber z1And z2Representing the streamer and streamer depths, respectively.
Taking the coefficient in equation 5, the influence factor of the ghost on the seismic signal, i.e. the ghost operator, can be obtained:
G1and G2Representing the cable up and cable down ghost operators.
Solving equation 5, suppressing ghost waves, and obtaining a seabed primary reflection wave field:
()*and (3) representing a complex conjugate matrix, and not considering the influence of environment and data on the merging effect, obtaining:
because ghost operator G will appear zero value, in order to avoid equation 1/G singularity, introduce the white noise factor, then:
to reduce the effect of the white noise factor on the data, we introduce a gaussian distribution to control the magnitude and amplitude of the white noise factor, i.e.:
the expected value u determines the position of the Gaussian distribution, and the standard deviation sigma determines the amplitude of the distribution, which is the maximum amplitude value, namely 1/G singular point.
Due to U1Is influenced by the wave number k (i.e. frequency) and can therefore be varied according to the desired frequencyAnd (4) calculating the influence of the cable depth combination on the merging effect. Analyzing all the depth combinations of the upper cable and the lower cable, namely, the cable depth combination with the least notch influence, namely, the combination of the upper cable and the lower cable, which is the optimal combination, can be optimized, namely:
Uopt＝min(U1), (11)。
to facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Comparing and analyzing the equivalent notch frequency spectrum of the cable deep combination of 11m-22m of a certain company in China, as shown in figure 1, the cable deep combination of 11m-22m has poor merging effect, the energy in the whole frequency wave number spectrum is not uniform, obvious notch interference still exists, and the frequency band widening effect is poor.
In order to further verify the quality of the merging effect, spectral analysis comparison is carried out on 11m-22m shot records and merging results, as shown in fig. 2, when the depth of a streamer is 11m, an obvious notch phenomenon exists at a 68Hz frequency, when the depth of the streamer is 22m, a periodic notch phenomenon exists at 34Hz and 68Hz, after merging, the energy at the 34Hz notch is improved, but the notch at the 68Hz frequency is not improved, and the combination of the depths of the streamers has important influence on the merging effect of the upper cable and the lower cable.
In order to improve the acquisition quality, a method for selecting the optimal cable depth combination of the upper cable and the lower cable is provided. When the required frequency spectrum range is 0-250Hz, the suppression effect of different streamer cable depth combinations on ghost waves is respectively calculated, as shown in figure 3, the abscissa data is the lower cable depth, the ordinate is the upper cable depth, the deeper the color is, the worse the notch suppression effect is, and on the contrary, the ghost waves are basically eliminated by the cable depth combination with lighter color, so that the optimal cable depth combination can be selected according to the actually required frequency range.
For the case where the desired frequency band range is full band (0-250Hz), we prefer the streamer depth combination with less notching based on the calculation of FIG. 3:
5m--12m；7.5m--17m；8.5m--15m；9m--21m；10.5m--18.5m；13m--21m。
referring to fig. 4, which is an equivalent notch frequency spectrum from 5m to 12m, it can be seen that there is substantially no ghost residual and there is strong energy in the whole frequency band.
The above description of embodiments of the disclosure is illustrative, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terms used herein were chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or technical improvements to the techniques in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A cable depth combination selection method for wide-frequency acquisition of marine over-and-under cable towlines is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths;
establishing a relation between two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths and a seabed primary reflection wave field signal with the same depth;
obtaining a ghost operator based on the relationship;
suppressing ghost wave signals by utilizing a ghost wave operator to obtain a seabed primary reflection wave field, and selecting a cable depth combination based on the seabed primary reflection wave field;
wherein, in order to avoid singularity of equation 1/G, a white noise factor is introduced, and then:
ε1and ε2Represents the white noise factor, G, of the upper and lower cables1And G2Represents the Cable-Up and Cable-Down ghost operators, ()*Representing a complex conjugate matrix;
wherein, a Gaussian distribution is introduced to control the magnitude and amplitude of the white noise factor, namely:
wherein, the expected value u determines the position of Gaussian distribution, the standard deviation sigma determines the amplitude of the distribution, and x is the maximum value of the amplitude, namely 1/G singular point.
2. The method for selecting the cable depth combination for the broadband acquisition of the marine over-and-under cable streamers according to claim 1, wherein two sets of pressure wave field signals of different depths are obtained, namely:
in the formula, P is a pressure wave field signal, U is a seabed primary reflection signal, and D is a ghost wave signal.
3. The cable depth combination selection method for the broadband acquisition of the marine over-and-under cable streamers of claim 1, wherein the establishing the relationship between two sets of pressure wave field signals of different depths and the primary reflected wave field signal of the sea bottom of the same depth comprises:
assuming that the sea surface reflection coefficient is R, the sea surface reflection coefficient is obtained based on the wave field continuation principle:
according to the wave field continuation principle, the depth z2The primary reflection wavefield at the sea bottom is denoted as z1Prolongation of primary reflection wave field at sea bottom:
wherein k iszIn vertical wavenumbers:
k is the wave number, and can be obtained by the following formula:
P1and P2Respectively representing the cable-on and cable-off pressure wavefield signals, z1And z2Representing the streamer and streamer depths, respectively.
4. The method for selecting a cable depth combination for broadband acquisition of marine over-and-under streamers according to claim 3, wherein said ghost operator is a coefficient in equation (5):
5. the cable depth combination selection method for the broadband acquisition of the marine over-and-under cable streamers according to claim 1, wherein the method for suppressing ghost signals by using a ghost operator to obtain the primary reflection wave field of the sea bottom comprises the following steps:
P1and P2Respectively representing the cable-on and cable-off pressure wavefield signals, regardless of the environment and data effects on the combined effect, the following results:
6. the utility model provides a dark combination of cable streamer wide band collection selects system about ocean which characterized in that includes:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
obtaining two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths;
establishing a relation between two groups of pressure wave field signals with different depths and a seabed primary reflection wave field signal with the same depth;
obtaining a ghost operator based on the relationship;
suppressing ghost wave signals by utilizing a ghost wave operator to obtain a seabed primary reflection wave field, and selecting a cable depth combination based on the seabed primary reflection wave field;
wherein equation singularity is avoided by introducing a white noise factor;
wherein the magnitude and amplitude of the white noise factor is controlled by introducing a gaussian distribution.
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