CN109142686A - The repeatable grouting test system in interior and Seed harvest radius measuring method - Google Patents
The repeatable grouting test system in interior and Seed harvest radius measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109142686A CN109142686A CN201811318396.9A CN201811318396A CN109142686A CN 109142686 A CN109142686 A CN 109142686A CN 201811318396 A CN201811318396 A CN 201811318396A CN 109142686 A CN109142686 A CN 109142686A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of indoor repeatable grouting test systems, including pressure supply device: high pressure gas holder and gas pressure reducer;Store up sizing device: top cover, container and bracket, there are pressure gauge and intake valve on top cover, ladle body includes high pressure resistant round steel pipe and conical steel pipe, there is slurry-supplying valve at the vertex of a cone, bracket is fixedly connected with container, intake valve also connects the gas pressure reducer of pressure supply device by high pressure gas pipeline, is equipped with weighing device below bracket;Grouting device: including ladle body and bung, ladle body bottom is equipped with venthole, and bung center is equipped with injected hole, and bung is mounted on ladle body by lock, and the slurry-supplying valve of the storage sizing device is connected in the injected hole of bung by high pressure feed pipe for mortar.The present invention also provides a kind of Seed harvest radius measuring methods.The present invention can quick simulation Rock And Soil medium grouting test indoors, obtain the diffusion mechanism and dilation angle of slurries, provide significant data support for the grouting parameter of each rock soil medium of determination.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geotechnical engineering technical field of experiment equipment, it is related to a kind of indoor repeatable grouting test system and knot
Stone body radius measuring method.
Background technique
It often cuts into a mountain in the early stage construction of Mountainous City valley-fill, forms the soil-rock mixture back filled region of large area, buried depth
From several meters to rice up to a hundred etc..With the acceleration of urbanization expansion and urbanization process, Metro Construction is inevitably
Deep soil-rock mixture backfill area is passed through, loosely organized, porosity is big, cementing energy since soil-rock mixture backfill has
The characteristic features such as power is weak, stability is poor, permeability is strong, often occur cavern when underground engineering passes through buried backfill stratum
It the problems such as large deformation, differential settlement, collapsing, infiltration, influences underground engineering normal construction, and buries for subsequent operation biggish
Security risk.In order to preferably control soil-rock mixture backfill area stratum deformation, subway engineering is carried out on backfill stratum and is built
If when, need to country rock carry out grouting and reinforcing, make hole week soil layer formed an annular Load -carring arch, guarantee hole week and face it is steady
It is qualitative, and improve tunnel surrounding anti-permeability performance.Since block stone grain diameter is not of uniform size in the soil-rock mixture backfill of Mountainous City, and
It is in the earth formation random distribution, rock-soil ratio in unit volume backfill is caused to differ greatly.Live note is carried out on backfill stratum
When slurry is reinforced, lack the research to soil-rock mixture grouting serous fluid performance, the Diffusion Law of slurries etc., governed empirical data has
Limit.In addition, slurry injection technique regulation (YBJ 44-1992) and urban track traffic Tunnel Engineering slurry injection technique regulation (DB11-
The soil body involved by 1444-2017) is all homogenous material by note medium: rubble, gravel, coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, flour sand, loess
Deng, and the selection of soil-rock mixture slurry injection technique parameter can be according to it is poor that live wall rock grouting concretion forms effect without specification.Cause
This, tunnel safety is built in the research of the grouting and reinforcing mechanism of earthen fill zone soil-rock mixture next time of different rock-soil ratios to be runed with stable
With important engineering significance.
Since soil-rock mixture backfill is formed unevenly by note dielectric structure, grouting mechanism is complex, and related
Research work is very few, and the selection of slurry injection technique parameter repeatedly tries slip casting effect dependent on Other Engineering experience or scene.In order to
The grouting and reinforcing mechanism for disclosing soil-rock mixture backfill under the conditions of different rock-soil ratios needs to carry out different rock-soil ratio conditions bets
Starch the research of diffusion mechanism and its influence factor.And original experimental rig has following shortcoming:
(1) after slip casting, discovery flows away there are liquid after slurries isolation and solid is deposited on barrel bottom around slurry-supplying valve
Mouth is distributed in alluviation fan type.In such grouting test, size performance does not have representativeness.The test data obtained cannot answer
For scientific research or practice.
(2) grouting test needs to prepare a large amount of soil samples, however can utilize a part around upper only slip casting nozzle,
Soil sample waste is serious, and sample after the test is inconvenient to take out.
(3) the most complex and expensive of indoor grouting test equipment.
(4) none unified Seed harvest radius measuring method of indoor grouting test.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of indoor repeatable grouting test systems and Seed harvest radius to survey
Determine method, it is ensured that slurries are all injected by note soil medium.Cylindrical slip casting bucket takes full advantage of soil medium.It removes
Other than storage sizing device, other devices do not need customized and cheap, save fund, while keeping test easier easily
Row.And propose a Seed harvest radius measuring method.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of indoor repeatable grouting test system, comprising:
Pressure supply device: including high pressure gas holder and the gas pressure reducer being connect with tank mouth;
Store up sizing device: including top cover, container and bracket, the top cover is equipped with pressure gauge and intake valve, and the top cover is logical
Excessive root high-strength bolt and seal washer and container fixing seal, the ladle body include high pressure resistant round steel pipe and are located under it
The conical steel pipe that Fang Yuqi is tightly connected, grout outlet is equipped at the vertex of a cone of the conical steel pipe, and grout outlet is equipped with slurry-supplying valve, institute
It states bracket to be fixedly connected with container, is used to support container, the intake valve is connected to inside and outside container by the through-hole on top cover, described
Intake valve also connects the gas pressure reducer of pressure supply device by high pressure gas pipeline, is additionally provided with weighing device below the bracket;
Grouting device: including ladle body and bung, the bottom of the ladle body is equipped with the venthole for balancing Atmospheric pressure, bung
Center is equipped with injected hole, and the bung is mounted on ladle body by lock, and the slurry-supplying valve of the storage sizing device passes through the defeated slurry of high pressure
Pipe is connected in the injected hole of bung.
Further, the main valve of control tank mouth switch, the gas are additionally provided in the tank mouth of the high pressure gas holder of the pressure supply device
Body pressure reducing valve is equipped with remaining in the adjusting pressuring knob of control output pressure, the delivery gauge for showing output pressure and display gas tank
The gross pressure table of air pressure.
Further, the pressure gauge on the storage sizing device top cover stays the threaded hole set by the screwed pipe and top cover of its lower end
It is connected and fixed, can dismantle, pressure limit needed for range covering test, slurries needed for slip casting can also be by connecting pressure gauge
Threaded hole injection.
Further, the slurry-supplying valve is water valve, and cooperation raw material band is mounted on the vertex of a cone.
Further, ladle body inner wall can be adjacent to and have certain thickness rubber by one being also cased in the ladle body of the grouting device
Film.
Rubber membrane is put on not only to have facilitated the taking-up of sample but also prevented running pulp.
Further, the weighing device of the storage sizing device is equipped with the digital display screen for reading weight, is also circumscribed with
One for shooting the video recording equipment of digital display screen.
By video recording equipment, the registration situation of change during entirely testing on display screen is conveniently recorded.
On the other hand, the present invention carries out indoor repeatable grouting test using above-mentioned apparatus system, provides a kind of Seed harvest
The measuring method of radius, includes the following steps:
S1: dress sample: pasting inner wall in the ladle body of grouting device and be set with rubber membrane, the soil sample prepared is added, point appropriate layer
Number enters mould, after hitting reality with wooden mallet, carries out dabbing processing to surface and adds soil sample again;
S2: after the soil sample of the appropriate number of plies is added, the defeated slurry of high pressure pipe laying: is embedded in center, that is, injected hole position of bung
Pipe puts one layer of rubble to prevent high pressure feed pipe for mortar mouth from blocking below nozzle, seals after the last layer soil pressure reality is added;
S3: security inspection: after connecting pressure supply device and storage sizing device, intake valve is opened, slurry-supplying valve is closed, opened high
Calm the anger tank main valve and adjust output pressure be 0.2MPa, main valve is closed after storing up sizing device stable gas pressure, if the gas on pressure gauge
Pressure value remains unchanged 5min, then it is assumed that device air-tightness is good;
S4: slurrying grouting: decompression removes pressure gauge after deflating, and slurries is needed to configure by test, by configured slurries
Run through be inserted in pressure gauge installation screw funnel pour into storage sizing device in, install pressure gauge, by weighing device reading show
Number zero setting;
S5: grouting under pressure: the entire test process weighing device display screen registration situation of change of video recording equipment record is opened, is beaten
Main valve is opened, grouting pressure is adjusted to test pressure, slurry-supplying valve is opened and starts simultaneously at timing, starts slip casting, weighing device registration is protected
It holds that 5min is constant to think that slip casting terminates, stops timing, terminate shooting, close slurry-supplying valve, close main valve;
S6: cleaning device: extracting Grouting Pipe and is inserted into trash receptacle, opens slurry-supplying valve, all flows out to slurries, gas is whole
Cleaning equipment after discharge;
S7: saving and sampling: the testing data kept records of, Storage of sample is for 24 hours;
S8: the measurement of Seed harvest radius: using different measuring methods for the Seed harvest of different shape, small to rock-soil ratio
It in 50% Seed harvest, is measured using " layering mensuration ", specific method is to measure at interval of 5cm to its section
With record data, and acquire cross sectional photograph and carry out image processing and analysis;It is more than or equal to 50% Seed harvest to rock-soil ratio, adopts
It is measured with " multiangular measurement method ", the Image Acquisition in horizontal direction is carried out to Seed harvest, specific method is every 22.5 ° bats
An image is taken the photograph, the coordinate of Seed harvest profile line feature point on image is read by image processing software, obtains its dilation angle,
Mean value, the as dilation angle of group test slurries are taken after counting.
Further, in step sl, the appropriate number of plies is divided to enter mould, 140mm~160mm every layer high.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: ensure that slurries are all injected into the cylindrical slip casting by note soil medium
Bucket takes full advantage of soil medium, and other than storing up sizing device, other devices do not need customized and cheap, saves money
Gold, while keeping test more simple and easy to do, and propose a Seed harvest radius measuring method.By using above scheme,
Grouting test quickly can be carried out quasi-ly, can carry out multiple groups grouting test in a short time using multiple grouting devices;And it can
To obtain relatively reasonable Seed harvest radius size.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Illustrate:
Fig. 1 is the overall schematic of indoor repeatable grouting test system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the grouting device schematic bottom view of indoor repeatable grouting test system of the present invention.
Appended drawing reference: gas pressure reducer 1, high pressure gas holder 2, pressure gauge 3, intake valve 4, high-strength bolt 5, seal washer 6,
High pressure resistant round seamless steel pipe 7, top cover 8, conical steel pipe 9, slurry-supplying valve 10, weighing device 11, bung 12, Grouting Pipe 13, slip casting
Drum 14, lock 15, high-pressure slip-casting pipe 16, high pressure gas pipeline 17, venthole 18.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of indoor repeatable grouting test system provided in this embodiment, including pressure supply device, storage
Sizing device, grouting device and communication apparatus.The pressure supply device, including high pressure gas holder 2 and gas decompression mounted thereto
Valve 1;
Sizing device is stored up, for the container that a high pressure resistant round seamless steel pipe 7 and a conical steel pipe 9 are welded, top cover 8
On high-precision pressure gauge 3 and intake valve 4 are installed, top cover is by eight high-strength bolts 5 and 6 fixing seal of seal washer in resistance to height
It presses on round seamless steel pipe 7, the packing of conical steel pipe cone top part has a slurry-supplying valve 10, and the storage sizing device pedestal is a band number
The weighing device 11 of word display screen, and it is equipped with four rolling;
Grouting device is one large-scale drum, and there are three small ventholes 18 for 14 bottom of drum ladle body, are used for balancing Atmospheric
There is injected hole 13 at pressure, the grouting device top 12 center of bung, and bung 12 is fixed on ladle body 14 by six locks 15;
Communication apparatus is high pressure gas pipeline 17, high pressure feed pipe for mortar 16, the decompression air valve 1 on each device, intake valve 4, pulp
Valve 10 and Grouting Pipe 13 are constituted, and high pressure gas pipeline 17 connects pressure reducing valve 1 and is connected to pressure supply device and storage sizing device with intake valve 4,
High pressure feed pipe for mortar 16 connects slurry-supplying valve 10 and is connected to storage sizing device and grouting device with Grouting Pipe 13.
In the present embodiment, there are also directly connected main valves on the pressure supply device high pressure gas holder 2;Gas pressure reducer 1
Remaining air pressure is total in the upper adjusting pressuring knob including control output pressure, the delivery gauge for showing output pressure and display gas tank
Pressure gauge.
In the present embodiment, the high-precision pressure gauge 3 on the storage sizing device top cover 8 passes through the screwed pipe and top cover of table lower end
The threaded hole set is stayed to be connected and fixed, detachably, and good airproof performance, pressure limit needed for range covering test.Needed for slip casting
Slurries can also be injected by connecting the threaded hole of pressure gauge.
In the present embodiment, four angles being connected two-by-two have also been welded on the storage high pressure resistant round seamless steel pipe 7 of sizing device
Steel is as bracket, and angle steel lower weld is on the weighing device 11 of bottom, in addition to this, also in high pressure resistant round seamless steel pipe
It has welded two root thickness reinforcing bars and has facilitated carrying in two sides.
In the present embodiment, the slurry-supplying valve 10 of storage 9 vertex of a cone of sizing device conical steel pipe is water valve, and cooperation raw material band is mounted on
The vertex of a cone.
In the present embodiment, in the drum ladle body 14 of the grouting device, being also cased with one and capable of being adjacent to ladle body inner wall has centainly
The rubber membrane of thickness had not only facilitated the taking-up of sample but also had prevented running pulp.
In the present embodiment, a fixation can be installed on the digital display screen of the pedestal weighing device 11 of the storage sizing device
Bracket conveniently records the registration situation of change during entirely testing on display screen to set up video recording equipment.
In the present embodiment, described device is all satisfied pressure requirements.
In the present embodiment, described device is all satisfied air-tightness requirement.
The present invention carries out indoor repeatable grouting test using above-mentioned apparatus system, provides a kind of measurement of Seed harvest radius
Method includes the following steps:
S1: dress sample: pasting inner wall in the ladle body of grouting device and be set with rubber membrane, the soil sample prepared is added, point appropriate layer
Number enters mould, and 140mm~160mm every layer high after hitting reality with wooden mallet, carries out dabbing processing to surface and adds soil sample again;
S2: after the soil sample of the appropriate number of plies is added, the defeated slurry of high pressure pipe laying: is embedded in center, that is, injected hole position of bung 12
Pipe puts one layer of rubble to prevent high pressure feed pipe for mortar mouth from blocking below nozzle, seals after the last layer soil pressure reality is added;
S3: security inspection: after connecting pressure supply device and storage sizing device, intake valve 4 is opened, slurry-supplying valve 10 is closed, beats
Opening 2 main valve of high pressure gas holder and adjusting output pressure is 0.2MPa, main valve is closed after storing up sizing device stable gas pressure, if pressure gauge 3
On atmospheric pressure value remain unchanged 5min, then it is assumed that device air-tightness is good;
S4: slurrying grouting: decompression removes pressure gauge 3 after deflating, and slurries is needed to configure by test, by configured slurries
Run through be inserted in 3 installation screw of pressure gauge funnel pour into storage sizing device in, install pressure gauge 3, weighing device 11 read
Number registration zero setting;
S5: grouting under pressure: opening the entire test 11 display screen registration situation of change of process weighing device of video recording equipment record,
Main valve is opened, grouting pressure is adjusted to test pressure, slurry-supplying valve 10 is opened and starts simultaneously at timing, start slip casting, weighing device 11
Registration keeps that 5min is constant thinks that slip casting terminates, and stops timing, terminates shooting, close slurry-supplying valve 10, closes main valve;
S6: cleaning device: extracting Grouting Pipe 13 and is inserted into trash receptacle, opens slurry-supplying valve 10, all flows out to slurries, gas
All cleaning equipments after discharge;
S7: saving and sampling: the testing data kept records of, Storage of sample is for 24 hours;
S8: the measurement of Seed harvest radius: using different measuring methods for the Seed harvest of different shape, small to rock-soil ratio
It in 50% Seed harvest, is measured using " layering mensuration ", specific method is to measure at interval of 5cm to its section
With record data, and acquire cross sectional photograph and carry out image processing and analysis;It is more than or equal to 50% Seed harvest to rock-soil ratio, adopts
It is measured with " multiangular measurement method ", the Image Acquisition in horizontal direction is carried out to Seed harvest.Specific method is every 22.5 ° bats
An image is taken the photograph, the coordinate of Seed harvest profile line feature point on image is read by image processing software, obtains its dilation angle,
Mean value, the as dilation angle of group test slurries are taken after counting.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of indoor repeatable grouting test system, it is characterised in that: include:
Pressure supply device: including high pressure gas holder and the gas pressure reducer being connect with tank mouth;
Store up sizing device: including top cover, container and bracket, the top cover is equipped with pressure gauge and intake valve, and the top cover passes through more
Root high-strength bolt and seal washer and container fixing seal, the ladle body include high pressure resistant round steel pipe and be located at below with
Its conical steel pipe being tightly connected, grout outlet is equipped at the vertex of a cone of the conical steel pipe, and grout outlet is equipped with slurry-supplying valve, the branch
Frame is fixedly connected with container, is used to support container, and the intake valve is connected to inside and outside container by the through-hole on top cover, the air inlet
Valve also connects the gas pressure reducer of pressure supply device by high pressure gas pipeline, is additionally provided with weighing device below the bracket;
Grouting device: including ladle body and bung, the bottom of the ladle body is equipped with the venthole for balancing Atmospheric pressure, bung center
Equipped with injected hole, the bung is mounted on ladle body by lock, and the slurry-supplying valve of the storage sizing device is connected by high pressure feed pipe for mortar
It is connected in the injected hole of bung.
2. indoor repeatable grouting test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the high pressure of the pressure supply device
The main valve of control tank mouth switch is additionally provided in the tank mouth of gas tank, the gas pressure reducer is equipped with the pressure regulation rotation of control output pressure
The gross pressure table of remaining air pressure in button, the delivery gauge for showing output pressure and display gas tank.
3. indoor repeatable grouting test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: on the storage sizing device top cover
Pressure gauge stay the threaded hole set to be connected and fixed with top cover by the screwed pipe of its lower end, can dismantle, range covering test institute
The pressure limit needed, slurries needed for slip casting are injected also by the threaded hole of connection pressure gauge.
4. indoor repeatable grouting test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the slurry-supplying valve is water valve,
Cooperation raw material band is mounted on the vertex of a cone.
5. indoor repeatable grouting test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ladle body of the grouting device
Ladle body inner wall can be adjacent to and have certain thickness rubber membrane by being inside also cased with one.
6. indoor repeatable grouting test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the weighing of the storage sizing device
Device is equipped with the digital display screen for reading weight, is also circumscribed with one for shooting the video recording equipment of digital display screen.
7. one kind carries out indoor repeatable grouting test based on indoor repeatable grouting test system as claimed in claim 6 and surveys
Determine the method for Seed harvest radius, comprising steps of
S1: dress sample: inner wall is pasted in the ladle body of grouting device and is set with rubber membrane, the soil sample prepared is added, a point appropriate number of plies enters
Mould after hitting reality with wooden mallet, carries out dabbing processing to surface and adds soil sample again;
S2: pipe laying: after the soil sample of the appropriate number of plies is added, it is embedded to high pressure feed pipe for mortar in center, that is, injected hole position of bung, is
It prevents high pressure feed pipe for mortar mouth from blocking, one layer of rubble is put below nozzle, sealed after the last layer soil pressure reality is added;
S3: security inspection: after connecting pressure supply device and storage sizing device, intake valve is opened, slurry-supplying valve is closed, opens high pressure gas
Tank main valve simultaneously adjusts output pressure as 0.2MPa, main valve is closed after storing up sizing device stable gas pressure, if the atmospheric pressure value on pressure gauge
Remain unchanged 5min, then it is assumed that device air-tightness is good;
S4: slurrying grouting: decompression removes pressure gauge after deflating, and needs to configure slurries by test, and configured slurries are rapid
Funnel by being inserted in pressure gauge installation screw pours into storage sizing device, installs pressure gauge, weighing device is read zero setting;
S5: grouting under pressure: the entire test process weighing device display screen registration situation of change of video recording equipment record is opened, is opened total
Grouting pressure is adjusted to test pressure by valve, is opened slurry-supplying valve and is started simultaneously at timing, and slip casting is started, and weighing device registration is kept
5min is constant to think that slip casting terminates, and stops timing, terminates shooting, closes slurry-supplying valve, closes main valve;
S6: cleaning device: extracting Grouting Pipe and is inserted into trash receptacle, opens slurry-supplying valve, all flows out to slurries, gas is all discharged
Cleaning equipment afterwards;
S7: saving and sampling: the testing data kept records of, Storage of sample is for 24 hours;
S8: the measurement of Seed harvest radius: different measuring methods is used for the Seed harvest of different shape, rock-soil ratio is less than
50% Seed harvest is measured using " layering mensuration ", specific method be at interval of 5cm, its section is measured and
Data are recorded, and acquires cross sectional photograph and carries out image processing and analysis;It is more than or equal to 50% Seed harvest to rock-soil ratio, uses
" multiangular measurement method " is measured, and carries out the Image Acquisition in horizontal direction to Seed harvest, specific method is every 22.5 ° shootings
One image is read the coordinate of Seed harvest profile line feature point on image by image processing software, obtains its dilation angle, is passed through
Mean value, the as dilation angle of group test slurries are taken after statistics.
8. indoor repeatable grouting test according to claim 7 and the method for measuring Seed harvest radius, it is characterised in that:
In step sl, the appropriate number of plies is divided to enter mould, 140mm~160mm every layer high.
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CN109801729A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-24 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Increase the method and maintenance sealing device of grout cap in nuclear power plant's waste canister |
CN115356238A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2022-11-18 | 四川藏区高速公路有限责任公司 | Grouting diffusion radius in-situ measuring device for fractured rock mass |
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