CN109142536B - High-precision real-time positioning detection device for internal damage of rock - Google Patents
High-precision real-time positioning detection device for internal damage of rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN109142536B CN109142536B CN201811211412.4A CN201811211412A CN109142536B CN 109142536 B CN109142536 B CN 109142536B CN 201811211412 A CN201811211412 A CN 201811211412A CN 109142536 B CN109142536 B CN 109142536B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/223—Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision real-time positioning detection device for internal damage of a rock, which comprises a triaxial cavity, a metal cylinder for mounting a rock sample, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head with built-in acoustic emission sensors, an acoustic emission probe and a fastening module, wherein the acoustic emission sensor is arranged in the metal cylinder; a rock sample is placed in the inner cavity of the metal cylinder, and the lower end of the rock sample is connected with the upper end face of the lower pressure head; the upper end of the rock sample is connected with the lower end face of an upper pressure head, the upper end of the upper pressure head is connected with a pressure applying device at the upper end of the triaxial cavity, and the bottom end of the lower pressure head is placed on a base of the triaxial cavity; the side wall of the metal cylinder is provided with at least one mounting counter bore, the acoustic emission probe is embedded in the mounting counter bore, and the fixing module is used for applying pressure in a translational manner from the outer side to fix the acoustic emission probe in the mounting counter bore of the metal cylinder; and the acoustic emission probe is connected with a signal amplifier of an MTS815 servo test system outside the triaxial cavity. The invention effectively reduces the signal attenuation of rock sample damage detection and improves the signal acquisition precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brittle material fracture damage analysis, in particular to a high-precision real-time positioning and detecting device for internal damage of a rock.
Background
The rock material is used as a complex engineering medium material, can experience a complex stress loading and unloading process in various actual underground rock mass engineering, can generate a local elastoplasticity performance concentration phenomenon in the rock material, and can generate microcracks in the rock when the load reaches a certain degree. The generation and the expansion of micro-cracks in the rock are direct factors causing the instability of rock fracture, and a plurality of rock engineering structural damages are related to the micro-cracks.
The phenomenon of rock material rapidly releasing energy to generate transient elastic waves is called Acoustic Emission (AE), sometimes also called stress wave emission. The acoustic emission monitoring of the rock under the action of pressure provides very important information for research on stress distribution and failure mechanism in the rock. The rock mechanics test system combines together with acoustic emission system can real-time monitoring out the development process of rock crackle in compression process, and the ultrasonic signal that collects through the acoustic emission sensor who arranges in different positions can invert the crackle emergence position in the rock specimen, and then reachs the rock damage evolution process. The precise location of acoustic emission events is the basis for the analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of micro-fractures within the rock and their precursors to fracture nucleation and instability. How to improve acoustic emission positioning accuracy, furthest reduces hourglass location and false location, has important realistic guide meaning in the engineering.
The conventional rock triaxial test is a test method for researching mechanical properties of rocks in a multidimensional stress state, and the conventional rock triaxial test machine which is relatively advanced and most widely applied in the world is an MTS815 servo test system produced in the United states, but the conventional triaxial and uniaxial compression rock damage positioning detection aspect still has some defects, and the obtained acoustic emission signals and positioning effect are still unsatisfactory, and are mainly shown as follows:
in a uniaxial compression acoustic emission monitoring test of rock, a couplant is usually coated on the contact surface of a ceramic chip at the front end of an acoustic emission sensor to directly contact with a rock sample, and the acoustic emission sensor is directly fixed on the surface of the rock sample through an adhesive tape or a rubber band. Because the contact surface of the ceramic wafer at the end of the acoustic emission sensor is a plane, the contact area of the plane and the outer surface of the cylinder of the rock sample is small, and the phenomenon that the acoustic emission sensor is separated from the rock sample often occurs during experiments.
In a conventional triaxial acoustic emission monitoring test of a rock, an acoustic emission probe is generally arranged outside a pressure chamber of a testing machine, environmental noise is artificially introduced by the arrangement, and received signals are directly distorted due to more electromagnetic interference outside the pressure chamber. Secondly, the rubber sleeve wrapped by the rock in the triaxial mechanical test not only prevents the rock sample from directly contacting with the acoustic emission probe, but also has a shielding effect on acoustic emission signals. In addition, since the acoustic emission signal needs to pass through the pressure chamber, the hydraulic oil and the rubber sleeve, the signal propagation distance is increased, and the pulse energy in the rock breaking process may not pass through the hydraulic oil, so that the signal is attenuated or even lost. At present, those skilled in the art have found that under the same test conditions, the acoustic emission ringing count and the maximum energy values for a sensor placed in a triaxial cell are 27% and 32% higher, respectively, than for a sensor placed outdoors. However, the current acoustic emission positioning algorithm mainly includes a simplex algorithm and a Geiger algorithm, both of which are calculated based on the time difference of acoustic emission signals received by different position sensors, and the attenuation or distortion of the acoustic emission signals directly affects the accuracy of the positioning result. Therefore, if the acoustic emission sensor can be firmly arranged in the triaxial pressure chamber, the phenomena of signal attenuation and distortion can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of positioning and monitoring the internal damage of the rock is greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision real-time positioning and detecting device for internal damage of a rock, which effectively reduces signal attenuation and improves the accuracy of acoustic emission signal acquisition.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the high-precision real-time positioning detection device for the internal damage of the rock comprises a triaxial cavity, a metal cylinder for mounting a rock sample, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head with built-in acoustic emission sensors, an acoustic emission probe and a fastening module;
a rock sample is placed in the inner cavity of the metal cylinder, and the lower end of the rock sample is connected with the upper end face of the lower pressure head; the upper end of the rock sample is connected with the lower end face of an upper pressure head, the upper end of the upper pressure head is connected with a pressure applying device at the upper end of the triaxial cavity, and the bottom end of the lower pressure head is placed on a base of the triaxial cavity;
the side wall of the metal cylinder is provided with at least one mounting counter bore, the acoustic emission probe is embedded in the mounting counter bore, and the fixing module is used for applying pressure in a translational manner from the outer side to fix the acoustic emission probe in the mounting counter bore of the metal cylinder; and the acoustic emission probe is connected with a signal amplifier of an MTS815 servo test system outside the triaxial cavity through an acoustic emission signal line.
Preferably, the fixing module is detachably connected with the metal cylinder.
Preferably, the fixing module comprises a cylindrical shell with an opening at one end, a hard spring, a screw and a magnet piece;
one end of the hard spring is fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell through a screw, and the magnet piece is connected with the end part of the opening end of the cylindrical shell;
the other end of the hard spring of the fixed module is connected with the end face of the acoustic emission probe; the end surface of the opening end of the cylindrical shell is connected with the side wall of the metal cylinder; the end part of the opening end of the cylindrical shell is provided with a wire passing hole, and the acoustic emission signal wire is connected with the acoustic emission probe.
Preferably, 8 mounting counter bores are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the metal cylinder perpendicular to the axial direction.
Preferably, 4 mounting counterbores are arranged on the side wall of the metal cylinder at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction.
Preferably, the ceramic chip contact end of the acoustic emission probe is connected with the bottom of the mounting counterbore.
Preferably, the bottom of the metal cylinder is respectively connected with 4 trapezoid supports arranged at equal intervals.
Preferably, the metal cylinder is integrally formed with the trapezoidal shaped support.
By adopting the technical scheme, the three-axis cavity is used for installing the metal cylinder of the rock sample, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head of the built-in acoustic emission sensor, the acoustic emission probe, the fastening module and other technical characteristics. The mounting counter bore is formed in the side wall of the metal cylinder, the acoustic emission probe is mounted in the mounting counter bore and fixed through the fastening module, the upper pressure head, the lower pressure head and the rock sample are mounted in the metal cylinder, and the metal cylinder is mounted in the triaxial cavity, so that when the internal damage test is performed on the rock sample, the acoustic emission probe can effectively reduce signal attenuation, improve the accuracy of acquiring acoustic emission signals, and realize real-time accurate positioning detection on the rock sample damage test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of a metal cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a metal cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front cross-sectional view of a mounting module of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembly of the acoustic emission probe of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1. a piston; 2. a triaxial cavity; 3. an upper pressure head; 4. a lower pressure head; 5. a rock sample; 6. a fastening module; 7. a metal cylinder; 8. an acoustic emission probe; 9. mounting a counter bore; 10. a trapezoidal bracket; 11. an acoustic emission signal line; 12. a cylindrical housing; 13. a screw; 14. a hard spring; 15. and a magnet piece.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in the attached drawings 1, 2 and 3, the high-precision real-time positioning and detecting device for the internal damage of the rock comprises a triaxial cavity 2, a metal cylinder 7 for mounting a rock sample, an upper pressure head 3 and a lower pressure head 4 with built-in acoustic emission sensors, an acoustic emission probe 8 and a fastening module 6. Placing a rock sample 5 in an inner cavity of the metal cylinder 7, and connecting the lower end of the rock sample 5 with the upper end face of the lower pressure head 4; the upper end of a rock sample 5 is connected with the lower end face of an upper pressure head 3, the upper end of the upper pressure head 3 is connected with a pressure applying device at the upper end of a triaxial cavity 2, and the pressure applying device in the real-time test method adopts a piston 1. The bottom end of the lower ram 4 is placed on the base of the triaxial chamber 2. In particular, for convenient installation in real time, the diameter of the inner cavity of the metal cylinder 7 is larger than the outer diameter of the rock sample 5. Arranging at least one mounting counterbore 9 on the side wall of the metal cylinder 7, embedding the acoustic emission probe 8 into the mounting counterbore 9, and horizontally moving the fixing module 6 from the outer side to apply pressure to fix the acoustic emission probe 8 in the mounting counterbore 9 of the metal cylinder 7; the fixed module 6 is detachably connected with the metal cylinder 7; the acoustic emission probe 8 is connected with a signal amplifier of an MTS815 servo test system outside the triaxial cavity 2 through an acoustic emission signal line 11.
Above-mentioned technical scheme, because metal cylinder 7 is installed in the cavity of triaxial cavity 2, install the inner chamber at metal cylinder 7 with rock sample 5 and last pressure head 3 and lower pressure head 4, and set up installation counter bore 9 on the lateral wall of metal cylinder 7, fix acoustic emission probe 8 through detachable fixed module 6 and set up installation counter bore 9 on the lateral wall of metal cylinder 7, will effectively avoid carrying out the internal damage experiment to rock sample 5 when, the decay of the produced signal of acoustic emission probe 8, and receive the interference of external bad border sound, the production of technical problem such as the collection information inaccuracy that acoustic emission probe 8 and metal cylinder 7 contact well lead to has also effectively been avoided simultaneously.
The fixed module 6 comprises a cylindrical shell 12 with an opening at one end, a hard spring 14, a screw 13 and a magnet piece 15. One end of a hard spring 14 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell 12 through a screw 13, and a magnet piece 15 is connected with the end part of the opening end of the cylindrical shell 12. The other end of the hard spring 14 of the fixed module 6 is connected with the end face of the acoustic emission probe 8; connecting the end surface of the opening end of the cylindrical shell 12 with the side wall of the metal cylinder 7; the end part of the opening end of the cylindrical shell 12 is provided with a wire through hole, and the acoustic emission signal wire 11 is connected with the acoustic emission probe 8.
In order to further improve the detection precision and accuracy, 8 mounting counter bores 9 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the metal cylinder 7 perpendicular to the axial direction. 4 mounting counterbores 9 are provided at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the side wall of the metal cylinder 7. And connecting the ceramic chip contact end of the acoustic emission probe 8 with the bottom of the mounting counterbore 9. The bottom of the metal cylinder 7 is respectively connected with 4 trapezoid supports 10 which are arranged at equal intervals; the metal cylinder 7 is integrally formed with the ladder support 10.
In the specific implementation, the sensitivity of the acoustic emission probe 8 is detected, the acoustic emission signal receiving system is started, the automatic pencil lead with the thickness of 0.5mm is broken on the end face of the protective shell of the acoustic emission probe 8, at the moment, the system records various information of the signal, and if the amplitude of the signal is greater than 90dB, the probe is sensitive to the sound source, the coupling quality of the sensor is high, and the test requirement is met; if the amplitude of the acquired signal is less than 90dB, the welding condition of the probe and the coupling quality of the sensor need to be checked again, and the test is carried out again until the sensitivity of the probe meets the test requirement.
And (3) detection and installation, namely coating coupling agents on two ends of a rock sample 5, respectively placing an upper pressure head 3 and a lower pressure head 4 which are internally provided with acoustic emission sensors, tightly fixing the rock sample 5, the upper pressure head 3 and the lower pressure head 4 which are fixed by a rubber sleeve on a testing platform of an MTS815 testing machine. The metal cylinder 7 is slowly sleeved downwards from the top of the upper pressure head 3 until the trapezoidal support 10 is stably placed on the base of the operation table. The end face of the tested acoustic emission probe 8 is coated with a coupling agent to ensure good contact between the acoustic emission sensor and the metal cavity, the acoustic emission probe 8 is installed in an installation counter bore 9 on the side wall of the metal cylinder 7, and the acoustic emission probe 8 is fixed in the installation counter bore 9 on the side wall of the metal cylinder 7 through the fixing module 6.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The high-precision real-time positioning detection device for the internal damage of the rock is characterized by comprising a triaxial cavity, a metal cylinder for mounting a rock sample, an upper pressure head with a built-in acoustic emission sensor, a lower pressure head with a built-in acoustic emission sensor, an acoustic emission probe, a fixing module and a rubber sleeve;
the lower end of the rock sample is connected with the upper end face of the lower pressure head; the upper end of the rock sample is connected with the lower end face of an upper pressure head, the upper end of the upper pressure head is connected with a pressure device at the upper end of the triaxial cavity, the bottom end of the lower pressure head is placed on a base of the triaxial cavity, the upper pressure head with the acoustic emission sensor arranged therein, the lower pressure head with the acoustic emission sensor arranged therein and the rock sample are tightly fixed by the rubber sleeve, and the metal cylinder is arranged outside the rubber sleeve;
the side wall of the metal cylinder is provided with a plurality of mounting counter bores, the acoustic emission probes are embedded in the mounting counter bores, and the fixing module is used for applying pressure in a translational manner from the outer side to fix the acoustic emission probes in the mounting counter bores of the metal cylinder; the acoustic emission probe is connected with a signal amplifier of an MTS815 servo test system outside the triaxial cavity through an acoustic emission signal line;
the fixing module comprises a cylindrical shell with an opening at one end, a hard spring, a screw and a magnet piece;
one end of the hard spring is fixedly connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the cylindrical shell through a screw, and the magnet piece is connected with the end part of the opening end of the cylindrical shell;
the other end of the hard spring of the fixed module is connected with the end face of the acoustic emission probe; the end surface of the opening end of the cylindrical shell is connected with the side wall of the metal cylinder; the end part of the opening end of the cylindrical shell is provided with a wire passing hole, and the acoustic emission signal wire is connected with the acoustic emission probe through the wire passing hole;
4 groups of mounting counter bores are longitudinally arranged on the side wall of the metal cylinder at equal intervals, and each group of mounting counter bores are arranged as follows: 8 mounting counter bores are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the metal cylinder perpendicular to the axial direction;
the ceramic chip contact end of the acoustic emission probe is connected with the bottom of the mounting counter bore;
the bottom of the metal cylinder is respectively connected with 4 trapezoid supports arranged at equal intervals, and the trapezoid supports are arranged on a base of the triaxial cavity.
2. The high-precision real-time positioning and detecting device for internal damage of rock according to claim 1, wherein the metal cylinder is integrally formed with the trapezoid support.
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| CN201811211412.4A CN109142536B (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | High-precision real-time positioning detection device for internal damage of rock |
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| CN201811211412.4A CN109142536B (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | High-precision real-time positioning detection device for internal damage of rock |
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| CN109142536A CN109142536A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
| CN109142536B true CN109142536B (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109696479B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2024-04-16 | 四川大学 | Acoustic emission test system and method for asymmetric arrangement of cuboid samples |
| CN110018244B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2024-02-13 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Multipurpose acoustic emission probe and using method thereof |
| CN110132746B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2024-05-10 | 四川大学 | Indoor experimental simulation device and method for performing geological fault mechanical behaviors by triaxial tester |
| CN111413198B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-08-16 | 重庆交通大学 | Acoustic emission-resistivity-stress synchronous testing device and method for rock |
| CN112986020B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2023-09-22 | 长安大学 | Method for representing progressive rock damage based on stress and acoustic wave change combination |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103048187B (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-10-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Fixing device for acoustic emission sensor used in rock triaxial test under confining pressure condition |
| CN103149081B (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Squeeze head used for rock conventional triaxial test acoustic emission test |
| CN203259508U (en) * | 2013-06-01 | 2013-10-30 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Coupling device capable of collecting acoustic emission signals in tri-axial pressure chamber |
| CN204086217U (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | The device of a kind of acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission synchro measure |
| CN204269607U (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-15 | 中国石油集团工程设计有限责任公司华北分公司 | The wired voice sending sensor device of three axles and adopt the triaxial test system of this device |
| CN104764810B (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2018-01-05 | 四川大学 | Assembly type acoustic emission test sensor positioner for damage of rock test |
| CN204649538U (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-09-16 | 湖北工业大学 | Rock three axle acoustic emission experiment device under a kind of confined pressure, hole press strip part |
| CN105136912A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-09 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Sound emission detection sensor fixing device |
| CN205643255U (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-10-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | General fixing device suitable for acoustic emission detector ware probe |
| CN207440019U (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of New Rock three-axis tester sound emission pressure head |
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