CN109139334B - Mixed-flow long-short blade water turbine - Google Patents
Mixed-flow long-short blade water turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109139334B CN109139334B CN201811190255.3A CN201811190255A CN109139334B CN 109139334 B CN109139334 B CN 109139334B CN 201811190255 A CN201811190255 A CN 201811190255A CN 109139334 B CN109139334 B CN 109139334B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
- F03B3/121—Blades, their form or construction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed flow type long and short blade water turbine, wherein the flow passage area of the water turbine comprises a volute, a guide blade area, a rotating wheel and a draft tube which are sequentially connected; the runner blade is composed of a plurality of long blades and short blades at intervals, the length ratio of the elliptic section of the volute is a golden section ratio, the molded line of the guide blade is in a crescent shape with negative curvature, the runner blade is composed of the long blades and the short blades together, the diameter difference ratio of the inlet and the outlet of the short blades to the long blades is 0.859, and a rectifying plate is arranged in the conical draft tube. The invention aims to realize the efficient utilization of water flow energy, improve the working efficiency of the water turbine, simultaneously improve the operation stability of the unit, have wide application prospect and popularization value, and have great significance for the transformation of small hydropower stations and the improvement of the operation stability of the unit of each power station in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic machinery, and particularly relates to a mixed-flow type long-and-short blade water turbine.
Background
The environment is a basic premise for the survival and development of human society, thermal power generation is gradually restricted along with the enhancement of human environmental awareness and the implementation of sustainable development strategy, and on the other hand, the development of wind power, solar energy and nuclear power is hindered due to the immature new energy technology. In contrast, hydraulic power generation with mature technology is favored, and water resources are renewable green energy. The key of hydroelectric power generation lies in the performance of a set, main indexes comprise utilization efficiency of water flow energy, stability and cavitation performance related to safe operation and service life of the set, and the reason for influencing the indexes is the internal flow field characteristic of the water turbine. The water turbine with good running performance can meet the demand of small hydropower station reconstruction at present and is a necessary trend for the development of hydropower stations at home and abroad.
The existing mixed-flow water turbine runner is mostly provided with blades with the same length, the number of the blades is more, so that the spacing between the outlet blades of the runner is narrow, and the cavitation phenomenon is easy to generate, and the spacing between the inlet blades of the runner is too large due to less blades, so that the vortex is easy to generate to cause the instability of a flow field. The arrangement of long and short blades in the water turbine increases the total number of the blades, so that the stress load of a single blade is reduced, and the overall strength performance of the runner is enhanced. Chinese patent application 201710822929.6 discloses a double-click turbine runner with long and short blades, which has simple blade structure and convenient operation and maintenance, but has obvious unreasonable structural design problems, such as small water flow acting area and weak work capacity. Chinese patent application 201310704054.1 discloses a mixed-flow pump-turbine, which adopts three blades with different lengths to reduce the secondary flow loss, but this mode blade composition structure is complicated, the processing installation cost is high, and the blade interval that is too narrow influences runner flow capacity, can further influence the effect of exerting oneself.
In summary, in order to improve the operating efficiency, stability and cavitation performance of the mixed-flow water turbine, it is a hot direction of the study of scholars at home and abroad to improve the characteristics of the set runner, how to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and further improve or eliminate the unstable flow state and the secondary effect thereof in the runner, and meanwhile, the improvement method meets the requirement of easy processing and manufacturing, and can further reduce the overall cost of the water turbine, which becomes a key problem to be solved urgently in the field of the water turbine of the present hydropower station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a mixed-flow type long-and-short blade water turbine which can solve the problem of vortex of an internal flow field of the water turbine on the basis of realizing high-efficiency conversion of water flow so as to improve the operation stability of a unit.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a flow passage area of the mixed flow type long and short blade water turbine comprises a volute, a guide blade area, a rotating wheel and a draft tube which are connected in sequence; wherein, the runner blade comprises a plurality of long blades and short blade interval, and the runner blade is space three-dimensional distortion curved surface, all divides four profile curved surfaces of intercepting on the long blade direction of height position of runner, and eight curve fit rear processes of these four profile curved surfaces are as follows:
curved surface I:
A：z＝4597+81.21x+145.7y+0.3266x2+0.3919xy-0.2027y2
+3.783e-04x3-1.517e-05x2y+4.088e-04xy2-1.088e-03y3
B：z＝5736+103.5x+162.4y+0.4433x2+0.4431xy-0.4343y2-5.514e-04x3
-6.234e-05x2y+4.228e-05xy2-9.456e-04y3
a curved surface II:
C：z＝-4661-41.54x-41.52y-0.1215x2-0.1008xy-0.0368y2
-1.162e-04x3+6.523e-07x2y-2.538e-04xy2+2.794e-04y3
D：z＝47360+492.7x+377.6y+1.633x2+0.8231xy-0.2759y2
-1.75e-03x3-5.929e-04x2y+1.862e-03xy2-2.808e-03y3
a curved surface III:
E：z＝-28730-222.2x-141y-0.585x2-0.354xy-0.0439y2-5.212e-04x3
+1.347e-05x2y-8.291e-04xy2+1.099e-03y3
F：z＝7320+71.38x+9.083y+0.2279x2-0.02838xy-0.1483y2
+2.428e-04x3-2.11e-04x2y+3.844e-05xy2-3.038e-04y3
a curved surface IV:
G：z＝-71920-506.7x-167.6y-1.224x2-0.3355xy-0.1463y2
-1.015e-03x3+2.697e-04x3y-1.57e-03xy2+1.912e-03y3
H：z＝28350+246.8x-48.92y+0.7256x2-0.4906xy+0.143y2
+7.282e-04x3-1.147e-04x3y+1.52e-03xy2-1.471e-03y3。
the invention is further improved in that the draft tube is conical and a rectifying plate is arranged in the draft tube.
The invention has the further improvement that the original point in each cut curved surface molded line is at the intersection point of the rotating wheel axis and the upper end surface of the guide vane area, the upper end surface of the guide vane area is an xy plane, and the direction opposite to the axis outflow direction of the water turbine is the z direction.
The invention is further improved in that the short blade outlet bone line diameter D of the runnerSDiameter D of outlet skeleton line of long bladeLThe ratio is 0.859, the number of the short blades and the number of the long blades of the runner are equal, the number of the short blades and the number of the long blades are respectively 7-9, and the wrap angle α of the long blades is 65-85 degrees.
The invention is further improved in that the inlet height B3 of the rotating wheel and the inlet diameter D of the rotating wheelIThe ratio is 0.096, and the diameter D of the outlet of the rotating wheelPDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIThe ratio is 0.513.
The invention has the further improvement that the equation of the change trend of the volute curved surface area around the circumferential direction is as follows: y is-0.041 x +0.239, and the wrap angle of the volute is 315-335 degrees.
The invention is further improved in that the guide vanes in the guide vane area are uniformly distributed in a single-row annular mode, and the diameter D of the guide vane distribution circleVDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIRatio of 2.1916, throat diameter D of guide vaneTDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIThe ratio is 0.0825, the number of the guide vanes is 16, and the molded line equation of the guide vanes is as follows: y is-0.053 x2+64.22x+19191；J:y＝-0.002x2-0.455x+530。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
firstly, the long and short blades are distributed at intervals, so that the flow field characteristic of the runner is improved, and the efficiency and the operation stability of the water turbine are improved; the diameter of the rotating wheel and the angle of the blade are reduced, so that the change of the liquid flow angle at the inlet of the blade is reduced, and the cavitation performance at the inlet of the rotating wheel is improved; the crescent-shaped blade has a simple structure and is convenient to manufacture; and the short blade is a part of the long blade, and can be processed at the corresponding length position by the same die, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Secondly, the rotating wheel with the long blades and the short blades distributed at intervals can reduce the overall diameter of the rotating wheel on the basis of ensuring the same output force, so that the manufacturing cost of the water turbine is reduced; on the other hand, the reduction of the diameter of the runner is beneficial to reducing the loss of the disc, thereby further improving the operation efficiency of the water turbine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mixed-flow long-and-short blade water turbine provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the distribution of long and short blades of the runner.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a long blade of the runner.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the long and short blades of the runner.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a negative curvature vane profile.
Description of reference numerals: 1-volute, 2-guide vane domain, 3-guide vane, 4-runner, 5-short vane, 6-long vane, 7-draft tube, 8-rectifying plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the francis type long and short blade hydraulic turbine provided by the present invention comprises a volute 1, a guide vane 2, a runner 4 with a long blade 6 and a short blade 5, and a draft tube 7, which are connected in sequence, wherein the cross section of the volute 1 is elliptical, the length ratio thereof is golden section ratio, and the wrap angle of the volute 1 is 315-335 °. The guide vanes 2 are uniformly distributed in a single-row annular mode, and the diameter D of the distribution circle of the guide vanesVDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIRatio of 2.1916, throat diameter D of guide vaneTDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIThe ratio is 0.0825, and the number of guide vanes is 16. The runner blade comprises long blades 6 and short blades 5 with equal number, the curved surface of the blade is a space three-dimensional twisted curved surface, and the diameter D of the outlet bone line of the short bladeSDiameter D of outlet skeleton line of long bladeLThe ratio is 0.859, the wrap angle α of the long blade is 65-85 degrees, the inlet height B3 of the rotating wheel and the inlet diameter D of the rotating wheelIThe ratio is 0.096, and the diameter D of the outlet of the rotating wheelPDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIThe ratio is 0.513, and a rectifying plate 8 is arranged in the conical draft tube 7.
As shown in fig. 3, the four curved surface profile equations of the long blade are as follows:
curved surface I:
A：z＝4597+81.21x+145.7y+0.3266x2+0.3919xy-0.2027y2
+3.783e-04x3-1.517e-05x2y+4.088e-04xy2-1.088e-03y3
B：z＝5736+103.5x+162.4y+0.4433x2+0.4431xy-0.4343y2-5.514e-04x3
-6.234e-05x2y+4.228e-05xy2-9.456e-04y3
a curved surface II:
C：z＝-4661-41.54x-41.52y-0.1215x2-0.1008xy-0.0368y2
-1.162e-04x3+6.523e-07x2y-2.538e-04xy2+2.794e-04y3
D：z＝47360+492.7x+377.6y+1.633x2+0.8231xy-0.2759y2
-1.75e-03x3-5.929e-04x2y+1.862e-03xy2-2.808e-03y3
a curved surface III:
E：z＝-28730-222.2x-141y-0.585x2-0.354xy-0.0439y2-5.212e-04x3
+1.347e-05x2y-8.291e-04xy2+1.099e-03y3
F：z＝7320+71.38x+9.083y+0.2279x2-0.02838xy-0.1483y2
+2.428e-04x3-2.11e-04x2y+3.844e-05xy2-3.038e-04y3
a curved surface IV:
G：z＝-71920-506.7x-167.6y-1.224x2-0.3355xy-0.1463y2
-1.015e-03x3+2.697e-04x3y-1.57e-03xy2+1.912e-03y3
H：z＝28350+246.8x-48.92y+0.7256x2-0.4906xy+0.143y2
+7.282e-04x3-1.147e-04x3y+1.52e-03xy2-1.471e-03y3。
the realization principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a mixed-flow type long-and-short blade water turbine, which is a device for converting the energy of water flow into mechanical energy. The volute 1 adopts an elliptical section, and the structure can reduce pressure pulsation in the volute when the volute operates under an off-design working condition, so that water flows into the guide vane 3 through the volute 1; the guide vane 3 adopts a negative curvature vane profile, and the outflow of the guide vane 3 enters a runner chamber along the outer edge of the runner 4; the runner 4 comprises long blades 6 and short blades 5 which are distributed in the circumferential direction at intervals, so that the vortex structure of the inner flow field of the runner 4 is improved and the hydraulic loss is reduced while the moment generated by the rotation of the runner under each working condition is ensured, the efficiency is improved, the operation stability of the water turbine is improved, the blades 3 are fixed between the upper crown lower rings of the runner in a welding mode, the pressure of water flow from the inlet to the outlet of the runner 4 is gradually reduced, and finally the water flow flows out through the tail water pipe 7.
Examples
The runner comprises 9 short blades 5 and 9 long blades 6 respectively, the outflow diameter ratio of the long blades to the short blades is 0.336, the wrap angle α of the long blades is 70 degrees, the long blades 6 of the runner are three-dimensional twisted curved surfaces, four sections are equally divided according to bone lines in the height direction of the blades, and the broken lines show the molded lines of the blades with the sections.
The cross section of the angle wrapping type volute is elliptical, the length ratio of each ellipse is equal to 1.618, and the variation trend equation of the elliptical cross section of the volute around the circumferential direction is as follows: y is-0.041 x +0.239, and the wrap angle is 318 degrees.
16 single-row negative curvature guide vanes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the diameter D of the distribution circle of the guide vanes 3VDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIRatio of 2.1916, throat diameter D of guide vane 3TDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIThe ratio was 0.0825.
The diffusion angle of the straight conical section of the draft tube is β16 degrees, be equipped with the trapezoidal cross section cowling panel of taking the circular arc side in the draft tube, each cowling panel is around the interior draft tube wall circumference of pasting of hydraulic turbine axis and arranges, and the cowling panel is close to axle head cone angle β2At 9 deg., the thickness control direction of the rectifying plate is β3The number of the rectifying plates is 4 when the angle is 10 degrees.
Through hydraulic calculation, according to the calculation result, the arrangement of the long and short blades improves the operation efficiency of the water turbine and reduces the phenomenon of flow vortex in the water turbine runner under various operation working conditions. The trapezoidal rectifying plate in the draft tube prevents the vortex strip at the outlet of the runner from being further diffused, so that the energy recovery coefficient of the draft tube is improved, and the running stability of the whole water turbine is enhanced.
Descriptions not related to the implementation of the invention belong to the known technology in the field, and the description can be implemented by referring to the known technology. The above embodiments and examples are specific supports for the technical idea of the mixed-flow long and short blade water turbine provided by the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any equivalent changes or equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea provided by the present invention belong to the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A mixed-flow type long-and-short-blade water turbine is characterized in that the flow passage area of the water turbine comprises a volute (1), a guide vane area (2), a rotating wheel (4) and a draft tube (7) which are connected in sequence; wherein, the runner blade comprises a plurality of long blades (6) and short blade (5) interval, and the runner blade is the three-dimensional distortion curved surface in space, evenly cuts out four profile curved surfaces in the long blade (6) direction of height position of runner (4), and eight curve fit rear processes of these four profile curved surfaces are as follows:
curved surface I:
A：z＝4597+81.21x+145.7y+0.3266x2+0.3919xy-0.2027y2
+3.783e-04x3-1.517e-05x2y+4.088e-04xy2-1.088e-03y3
B：z＝5736+103.5x+162.4y+0.4433x2+0.4431xy-0.4343y2-5.514e-04x3
-6.234e-05x2y+4.228e-05xy2-9.456e-04y3
a curved surface II:
C：z＝-4661-41.54x-41.52y-0.1215x2-0.1008xy-0.0368y2
-1.162e-04x3+6.523e-07x2y-2.538e-04xy2+2.794e-04y3
D：z＝47360+492.7x+377.6y+1.633x2+0.8231xy-0.2759y2
-1.75e-03x3-5.929e-04x2y+1.862e-03xy2-2.808e-03y3
a curved surface III:
E：z＝-28730-222.2x-141y-0.585x2-0.354xy-0.0439y2-5.212e-04x3
+1.347e-05x2y-8.291e-04xy2+1.099e-03y3
F：z＝7320+71.38x+9.083y+0.2279x2-0.02838xy-0.1483y2
+2.428e-04x3-2.11e-04x2y+3.844e-05xy2-3.038e-04y3
a curved surface IV:
G：z＝-71920-506.7x-167.6y-1.224x2-0.3355xy-0.1463y2
-1.015e-03x3+2.697e-04x3y-1.57e-03xy2+1.912e-03y3
H：z＝28350+246.8x-48.92y+0.7256x2-0.4906xy+0.143y2
+7.282e-04x3-1.147e-04x3y+1.52e-03xy2-1.471e-03y3。
2. a mixed flow long and short blade hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, wherein the draft tube (7) is tapered and has a rectifying plate (8) therein.
3. A mixed-flow long-and-short blade hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the origin of each cut curved line is at the intersection point of the axis of the runner and the upper end surface of the guide vane region (2), the upper end surface of the guide vane region (2) is an xy plane, and the opposite direction of the axis outflow of the hydraulic turbine is the z direction.
4. A francis type long and short blade turbine according to claim 1, wherein the francis type long and short blade turbine is rotatedShort blade exit skeleton diameter D of wheelSDiameter D of outlet skeleton line of long bladeLThe ratio is 0.859, the number of the short blades (5) and the number of the long blades (6) of the runner are equal, the number of the short blades (5) and the number of the long blades (6) are respectively 7-9, and the wrap angle α of the long blades (6) is 65-85 degrees.
5. A francis type long and short bladed turbine according to claim 1, wherein the runner (4) inlet height B3 and runner inlet diameter DIThe ratio is 0.096, and the diameter D of the outlet of the rotating wheelPDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIThe ratio is 0.513.
6. A mixed flow type long and short blade hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, wherein the curve area of the volute (1) changes along the circumferential direction according to the following equation: y is-0.041 x +0.239, and the wrap angle of the volute (1) is 315-335 degrees.
7. A francis long and short blade turbine according to claim 1, wherein the guide vanes (3) of the guide vane region (2) are uniformly distributed in a single row annular manner, and the guide vanes (3) have a distribution circle diameter DVDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIRatio of 2.1916, diameter D of throat of guide vane (3)TDiameter D of inlet of rotating wheelIThe ratio is 0.0825, the number of the guide vanes (3) is 16, and the molded line equation of the guide vanes (3) is as follows: y is-0.053 x2+64.22x+19191；J:y＝-0.002x2-0.455x+530。
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| CN110439724B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-01-01 | 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 | Mixed-flow runner for hydraulic machinery |
| CN112360660B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-07-12 | 陕西省引汉济渭工程建设有限公司 | Long and short blade type reversible pump turbine |
| CN113915045B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-28 | 扬州大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine draft tube with inclined bent cone |
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| JP2000054944A (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2000-02-22 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Impeller |
| JP2009019532A (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-29 | Tokyo Univ Of Science | Phase inversion cross-flow type super-small power generator |
| CN103498749A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-08 | 河海大学 | Small-sized mixed-flow pump turbine for low water head pumped storage power station |
| CN103696895A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Mixed-flow type water pump turbine |
| CN105927458A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-07 | 河海大学 | Ultralow-water head backflow type bell-shaped water turbine |
| CN107387290A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 河海大学 | A kind of crossflow turbine runner of deviated splitter vane |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000054944A (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2000-02-22 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Impeller |
| JP2009019532A (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-29 | Tokyo Univ Of Science | Phase inversion cross-flow type super-small power generator |
| CN103498749A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-08 | 河海大学 | Small-sized mixed-flow pump turbine for low water head pumped storage power station |
| CN103696895A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Mixed-flow type water pump turbine |
| CN105927458A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-07 | 河海大学 | Ultralow-water head backflow type bell-shaped water turbine |
| CN107387290A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 河海大学 | A kind of crossflow turbine runner of deviated splitter vane |
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