CN109136528A - A kind of devices and methods therefor refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension - Google Patents
A kind of devices and methods therefor refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension Download PDFInfo
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- CN109136528A CN109136528A CN201811117239.1A CN201811117239A CN109136528A CN 109136528 A CN109136528 A CN 109136528A CN 201811117239 A CN201811117239 A CN 201811117239A CN 109136528 A CN109136528 A CN 109136528A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of devices for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension, and including the clamping device for fixing sample, electron beam device and obturator to obtain pulsed electron beam, the clamping device includes sliding rail, clamp, supporting table；The invention also provides a kind of processing methods for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension, including the spacing between adjustment clamp, sample is fixed between clamp and etc..The present invention can process various sizes of sample, and the size of sintered NdFeB magnet crystal grain can be substantially reduced under the processing of pulsed electron beam；The method is more efficient relative to conventional method；The method can reach increasingly automated in production procedure；The process of high energy pulse electron beam is to carry out under vacuum conditions, and less to the pollution of sample, finished surface is also not easy to be oxidized；The machined parameters of high energy pulse electron beam are controllable, so the microstructure of neodymium iron boron is easier.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the engineering device technique field of refinement ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension more particularly to a kind of refinement neodymium iron borons
The devices and methods therefor of magnet crystallite dimension.
Background technique
Since crystal grain is smaller, the rotation and arrangement of magnetic domain are easier, thus more magnetic domains can be made along magnetization side
To arrangement, to improve the magnetic energy product and coercivity of neodymium iron boron magnetic materials.So during the manufacturing of ndfeb magnet its
The size of crystal grain will directly affect the magnetic property of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet.
This makes refinement neodymium iron boron grain size have good future in engineering applications.High energy pulse electron beam technology is a kind of
Using impulse high energy beam to the method for material modification.When the close beam of high energy acts on material, instantaneous high energy keeps material temperature fast
Speed increases, so that lead to the appearance for phenomena such as melting, vaporizing.At the end of input energy, workpiece surface meeting rapid cooling, thus
Form amorphous or micro-nano grain structure.
Realize that the refinement of ndfeb magnet crystal grain is a kind of in magnet manufacturing process using high energy pulse electron beam
New approaches.The method will will be quickly cooled down using the high-energy of pulsed electron beam after the fusing of neodymium-iron-boron iron material keeps its generation non-
Brilliant or micro-nano crystal grain, to improve the performance of magnet.
The step of manufacturing method process of country's external magnet is mainly as follows at present:
Proportioned necessary material melting refinement is cast as alloy block after fusing under vacuum conditions first.It
Afterwards alloy belt is broken into powder under hydrogen environment and obtains the broken alloy powder of crude hydrogen, then further by powder mull
It obtains and more refines (3-5 microns).It allows metal powder to be orientated, its direction of magnetization is carried out to be unified for fixed-direction, and uniformly by powder
End is filled into mold, extrusion forming.Under vacuum conditions, spare metal block is sintered and is annealed.Further by metal block into
Row is machined and is surface-treated.Metal block, which is finally placed into magnetic field, makes its magnetization, and finished product is made.
Although traditional magnet manufacturing process is very mature in industrial system, but still there are many deficiencies, such as:
(1) cooling speed still not enough rapidly, causes amorphous or micro-nano crystal grain that can not be formed；
(2) the impure of environment causes sample impurity more, to influence the size of crystal grain；
(3) it is some refinement crystal grain test methods can not practice into industrial production line.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve disadvantages existing in the prior art, and a kind of refinement ndfeb magnet proposed
The devices and methods therefor of crystallite dimension.
To achieve the goals above, present invention employs following technical solutions:
It is a kind of refine ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension device, including for fixing sample clamping device, for obtain arteries and veins
The electron beam device and obturator of electron beam are rushed, the clamping device includes sliding rail, clamp, supporting table, and the sliding rail passes through
Screw is fixed on the upper end of supporting table, and the clamp is nested together with sliding rail, is equipped on the sliding rail for stationary clamp
Pin, the pulsed electron bundle device includes electron gun, deflection coil, argon bottle, communicating pipe, argon gas valve, and the argon bottle is logical
Piping is connect with electron gun, and the argon gas valve was mounted between argon bottle and the communicating pipe of electron gun, the sealing device packet
Experiment chamber, barometer, nitrogen valve, rotary pump, turbomolecular pump, exhaust outlet, nitrogen cylinder and gate valve, the experiment chamber is included to set
It is placed in the outside of whole device and closed with external environment, the rotary pump is connected to experiment chamber, the nitrogen cylinder and nitrogen valve
It is all connected to after turbomolecular pump, the turbomolecular pump is installed between nitrogen valve and experiment chamber, the gate valve installation
Between turbomolecular pump and experiment chamber on communicating pipe, the clamping device include sliding rail, clamp, screw, pin, supporting table by
High temperature alloy is made.
The invention also provides a kind of processing methods for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension, include the following steps；
S1, the spacing first between adjustment clamp, sample is fixed between clamp, is prevented using pin stationary clamp position
Sliding；Sample is placed among the clamp in supporting table, clamp is fixed on to a certain suitable position of sliding rail by two pins
To fix sample, sliding rail is fixed in supporting table by two screws；
S2, discharge experiment chamber air after sample will be fixed, and will start rotary pump, air passes through after passing through rotary pump by being vented
Mouth excludes, and tests whether intracavitary air pressure reaches electron gun working condition by barometer real-time monitoring, reaches 1.33 × 10-2
~1.33 × 10-4After Pa, after opening argon gas valve and opening argon bottle simultaneously, opens electron gun and work；
After S3, sample treatment, electron gun and argon bottle and its valve are closed.Then nitrogen cylinder and nitrogen are opened
Valve opens turbomolecular pump and gate valve, will test it is intracavitary be filled with nitrogen, air pressure in cabin is reached into normal level, is finally taken
Sample out.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, various sizes of sample can be processed, by the utilization to this technology, sintered NdFeB magnet is brilliant
The size of grain can be substantially reduced under the processing of pulsed electron beam；
2, the method refines the more efficient of crystal grain for Conventional nano crystalline substance ndfeb magnet manufacturing process；
3, the method can reach increasingly automated in production procedure；
4, the process of high energy pulse electron beam is to carry out under vacuum conditions, less to the pollution of sample, processes table
Face is also not easy to be oxidized；
5, the machined parameters of high energy pulse electron beam are controllable, so the microstructure of material is easier.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of device for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of clamping device component assembling of device for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension proposed by the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 is a kind of electron beam device schematic diagram of device for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of vacuum plant schematic diagram of device for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of nitrogen filling device signal of device for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension proposed by the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 6 is before sample treatment and treated NdFeB material X-ray diffraction result.
In figure: 1 screw, 2 sliding rails, 3 clamps, 4 pins, 5 supporting tables, 6 electron guns, 7 deflection coils, 8 argon gas valves, 9 argon bottles,
10 experiment chambers, 11 rotary pumps, 12 exhaust outlets, 13 barometers, 14 turbomolecular pumps, 15 gate valves, 16 nitrogen valves, 17 nitrogen cylinders,
18 samples.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " on ", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "bottom", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to just
In description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, with
Specific orientation construction and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
Referring to Fig.1-6, a kind of device refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension, including the clamping dress for fixing sample 18
It sets, electron beam device and obturator to obtain electron beam, clamping device includes sliding rail 2, clamp 3, supporting table 5, and sliding rail 2 is logical
The upper end that screw 1 is fixed on supporting table 5 is crossed, supporting table 5 is used to support the weight of entire clamping device and sample 18, clamp 3
It is nested together with sliding rail 2, sliding rail 2 is fixed in supporting table 5, provides the track of displacement for clamp 3 to facilitate basis
Sample size adjusts clamp 3 and is spaced, and the pin 4 for stationary clamp 3 is equipped on sliding rail 2, the effect of pin 4 is stationary clamp 3
Setting prevents clamp 3 from being slided to avoid the destruction of sample 18, and sample 18 is ndfeb magnet crystal grain, and clamp 3 is nested with sliding rail 2
Together, for fixing sample, and adjustable, electron beam device include electron gun 6, deflection coil 7, argon bottle 9, communicating pipe,
Argon gas valve 8, argon bottle 9 are connect by pipeline with electron gun 6, argon gas valve 8 be mounted on argon bottle 9 and electron gun 6 communicating pipe it
Between, electron gun 6 is the device for obtaining electron beam, by taking Japan Electronics JEBG series high-power electron gun as an example, internal main packet
Include: electron emitting cathode (for launching electronics in a heated state), (it acts on the power that both can control electron beam to control grid
Can be carried out preliminary focusing again), accelerating anode (acceleration of trend electronics), deflection coil is fixed on the dress after electron beam emits
The two sides set, sealing device include experiment chamber 10, barometer 13, nitrogen valve 16, rotary pump 11, turbomolecular pump 14, exhaust outlet
12, nitrogen cylinder 17 and gate valve 15, experiment chamber 10 are set to the outside of whole device and, rotary pump 11 closed with external environment
It is connected to experiment chamber 10, experiment chamber 10 is located at the outside of whole device, for realizing closed pure environment, 11 connection of rotary pump
In experiment chamber 10, air is extracted after unlatching out outward, gas is discharged via exhaust outlet 12, and nitrogen cylinder 17 is all connected to nitrogen valve 16
After turbomolecular pump 14, argon bottle 9 is connect by pipeline with electron gun 6, needs first to open before the unlatching of electron gun 6, argon gas pair
Electronics, which robs 6 carry out protective effects, prevents pipette tips aging damaged, and turbomolecular pump 14 is installed between nitrogen valve 16 and experiment chamber 10,
Nitrogen cylinder 17 and nitrogen valve 16 are connected to after turbomolecular pump 14, provide nitrogen gas source for whole device, gate valve 15 is installed
Between turbomolecular pump 14 and experiment chamber 10 on communicating pipe, gate valve 15 between turbomolecular pump 14 and experiment chamber 10 for connecting
The unlatching and closure of siphunculus, turbomolecular pump 14 are connected between nitrogen valve 16 and experiment chamber 10, it can accelerate being filled with for nitrogen,
Working efficiency is improved, communicating pipe is used for the conveying of argon gas, air valve is between argon bottle 9 and the connecting pipe of electron gun 6, air pressure
Meter 13 is discharged air in rotary pump 11 and reaches 1.33 × 10 for air pressure in detection device-2~1.33 × 10-4Pa
Vacuum state when be re-filled with nitrogen.
The invention also provides a kind of processing methods for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension, include the following steps；
S1, the spacing first between adjustment clamp 3, sample 18 is fixed between clamp 3, utilizes 4 stationary clamp of pin 3
Set anti-sliding stop；Sample 18 is placed among the clamp 3 in supporting table 5, clamp 3 is fixed on to certain of sliding rail 2 by two pins 4
To fix sample 18, sliding rail 2 is fixed in supporting table by two screws 1 for one suitable position；
S2, air in experiment chamber 10 will be discharged after sample 18 will be fixed, starts rotary pump 11, after air passes through rotary pump 11
It is excluded via exhaust outlet 12, and tests whether air pressure in chamber 10 reaches the work shape of electron gun 6 by 13 real-time monitoring of barometer
State reaches 1.33 × 10-2~1.33 × 10-4After Pa, open argon gas valve 8 and by argon bottle simultaneously 9 open after, open electron gun 6
It works；
After S3, sample 18 are disposed, electron gun 6 and argon bottle 9 and its argon gas valve 8 are closed.Then nitrogen cylinder is opened
17 and nitrogen valve 16, turbomolecular pump 14 and gate valve 15 are opened, nitrogen will be filled in experiment chamber 10, air pressure in cabin is reached
To normal level, sample 18 is finally taken out.
In the present invention, when actual motion, sample 18 is placed among the clamp 3 in supporting table 5, will be pressed from both sides by two pins 4
Pincers 3 are fixed on a certain suitable position of sliding rail 2 to fix sample 18, and sliding rail 2 is fixed in supporting table by two screws 1.Dress
Before setting starting, start rotary pump 11, air is excluded after passing through rotary pump 11 by exhaust outlet 12, and real-time by barometer 13
Whether air pressure reaches electron gun working condition in monitoring experiment chamber 10.Reach 1.33 × 10-2~1.33 × 10-4After Pa, argon is opened
Air valve 8 and by argon bottle 9 simultaneously open after, open electron gun 6 work.After sample 18 is disposed, 6 He of electron gun is closed
Argon bottle 9 and its argon gas valve 8.Then nitrogen cylinder 17 and nitrogen valve 16 are opened, turbomolecular pump 14 and gate valve are opened
15, it will be filled with nitrogen in experiment chamber 10, air pressure in cabin is reached into normal level, finally takes out sample 18.
Fig. 2 has done detailed structure to clamping device and has shown.Sliding rail 2 is fixed in supporting table 5 by two screws 1, clamp 3
Mutually chimeric with sliding rail 2, clamp 3, in order to be adapted to different sample sizes, can be consolidated for fixing sample 18 with two pins 4
It is fixed firm.
Fig. 3 shows the structure of electron gun arrangements.Before use, opening argon gas valve 8 and passing through the argon gas in argon bottle 9
Pipeline is filled with 6 mouthfuls of electron gun, opens electron gun 6 and its coil works.Electron gun 6 work after the completion of close argon gas valve 8,
Argon bottle 9 and electron gun 6.
Fig. 4 illustrates each composition part-structure of vacuum system.In order to make device reach vacuum electronic gun building ring
Air is discharged by exhaust outlet 12 for border, first starting rotary pump 11, determines that air pressure is in experiment chamber 10 by barometer 13
It is no to reach 6 working condition of electron gun, that is, 1.33 × 10-2~1.33 × 10-4Pa, and it is right in 6 course of work of electron gun
Air pressure is monitored in real time.
Fig. 5 illustrates the component part of nitrogen filling device, and the effect of this device is that filling nitrogen makes experiment intracavitary
Reach normal barometric pressure to take out sample 18.After sample 18 is disposed, nitrogen cylinder 17 and its nitrogen valve 16, Zhi Houyun are opened
Row turbomolecular pump 14, and its switch is opened, nitrogen is flowed into cabin by pipeline, and air pressure in cabin is reached normal level.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of device for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension, which is characterized in that including the clamping for fixing sample (18)
Device, for obtain pulsed electron beam electron beam device and obturator, the clamping device include sliding rail (2), clamp (3),
Supporting table (5), the sliding rail (2) are fixed on the upper end of supporting table (5) by screw (1), and the clamp (3) and sliding rail (2) are embedding
It is nested together, the pin (4) for stationary clamp (3) is installed, the electron beam device includes electron gun on the sliding rail (2)
(6), deflection coil (7), argon bottle (9), communicating pipe, argon gas valve (8), the argon bottle (9) are connected by pipeline and electron gun (6)
It connects, the argon gas valve (8) was mounted between argon bottle (9) and the communicating pipe of electron gun (6), and the sealing device includes experiment chamber
(10), barometer (13), nitrogen valve (16), rotary pump (11), turbomolecular pump (14), exhaust outlet (12), nitrogen cylinder (17) with
And gate valve (15), experiment chamber (10) are set to the outside of whole device and, the rotary pump closed with external environment
(11) it is connected to experiment chamber (10), the nitrogen cylinder (17) and nitrogen valve (16) are all connected to after turbomolecular pump (14), institute
It states turbomolecular pump (14) to be installed between nitrogen valve (16) and experiment chamber (10), the gate valve (15) is mounted on turbo-molecular
It pumps between (14) and experiment chamber (10) on communicating pipe.
2. a kind of device for refining ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the clamping
Device includes that sliding rail (2), clamp (3), screw (1), pin (4), supporting table (5) are made of high temperature alloy.
3. a kind of realize refinement ndfeb magnet crystallite dimension processing method with claim 1 described device, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
S1, the spacing first between adjustment clamp (3), sample (18) is fixed between clamp (3), pin (4) fixing clamp is utilized
Clamp the anti-sliding stop in (3) position；It is intermediate that sample (18) is placed in the clamp (3) on supporting table (5), by two pins (4) by clamp
(3) a certain suitable position of sliding rail (2) is fixed on to fix sample (18), and sliding rail (2) is fixed on support by two screws (1)
On platform (5)；
S2, will fix sample (18) be discharged afterwards experiment chamber (10) interior air, start rotary pump (11), air passes through rotary pump
(11) it is excluded by by exhaust outlet (12), and tests whether chamber (10) interior air pressure reaches electricity by barometer (13) real-time monitoring
Sub- rifle working condition, reaches 1.33 × 10-2~1.33 × 10-4After Pa, opens argon gas valve (8) and open argon bottle (7) simultaneously
Afterwards, electron gun (6) are opened to work；
After S3, sample (18) are disposed, electron gun (6) and argon bottle (9) and its argon gas valve (8) are closed, nitrogen is then opened
Gas cylinder (17) and nitrogen valve (16) open turbomolecular pump (14) and gate valve (15), will be filled with nitrogen in experiment chamber (10)
Air pressure in cabin is reached normal level by gas, finally takes out sample (18).
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| CN114214507A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-22 | 安徽省湖滨机械厂 | Heat treatment device for high-performance iron-based amorphous nanocrystalline strip |
| CN117092277A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-11-21 | 华中科技大学 | Dynamic analysis device and method for dynamic parameters of solid fuel combustion reaction |
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