CN109136462B - Electric arc furnace smelting power supply method - Google Patents
Electric arc furnace smelting power supply method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109136462B CN109136462B CN201810934561.7A CN201810934561A CN109136462B CN 109136462 B CN109136462 B CN 109136462B CN 201810934561 A CN201810934561 A CN 201810934561A CN 109136462 B CN109136462 B CN 109136462B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of electric arc furnace steelmaking, in particular to an electric arc furnace smelting power supply method. Specifically, the electric arc furnace smelting power supply method comprises the following steps: (1) charging scrap steel into an electric arc furnace; (2) supplying power to the electric arc furnace for 2-3min according to the voltage of 8-11 grades; (3) the electrode of the electric arc furnace completely enters the molten pool, and the electric arc furnace is supplied with power for 25-35min according to the voltage of 12-16 grades; (4) and finally, supplying power to the electric arc furnace according to the voltage of 8-11 grades until the smelting is finished. The electric arc furnace smelting power supply method improves the energy utilization rate, reduces the electric quantity consumption of the electric arc furnace in the smelting process, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric arc furnace steelmaking, in particular to an electric arc furnace smelting power supply method.
Background
The scrap steel is used as an energy-saving renewable resource which can be infinitely recycled, and has great application potential. The steel-making scrap ratio in China is only 11%, and the recycling level of scrap steel is far from the average level in the world. The recycling application of the scrap steel is a necessary trend of the development of the steel industry, the future development space of China is huge, the storage capacity of the scrap steel is increased, the environment-friendly situation of 'grade bar steel' discharge is seriously superposed, and the advantage of a short process is obvious.
The electric arc furnace steel-making is a steel-making method using electric energy as heat source and using waste steel as main raw material, and is characterized by that it utilizes the electric arc produced by discharge between electrode and furnace charge to convert the electric energy into heat energy in the arc light, heat and melt metal furnace charge and furnace slag to smelt steel and alloy with various qualified components. The smelting process of the electric arc furnace is basically carried out in a closed space, the change of a local area can be observed only from a furnace door, the related detection technology of the electric arc furnace is not mature internationally at present, and the control decision of the electric arc furnace is difficult, so that the electric quantity of the electric arc furnace is excessively consumed, and the energy utilization rate is reduced.
Because the electric arc furnace has high power consumption and low power factor, the operation characteristic of the electric arc furnace determines that the electric arc furnace can cause great impact on a power supply system and easily cause grid voltage fluctuation and flicker. The flickering problem caused by the electric arc furnace not only directly affects the economic benefit, the product quality and the equipment safety of the iron and steel company, but also affects the electricity consumption of peripheral enterprises and the illumination of users.
In addition, the mode of adding scrap steel into molten iron is adopted for smelting in the current electric arc furnace, and a large amount of energy is obtained from the molten iron. However, the smelting efficiency and the energy utilization rate of the smelting mode are low. Therefore, the problem of rational power supply for the smelting process of all scrap steel arc furnaces, especially ultra-large arc furnaces, has been the direction of research by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smelting power supply method for an electric arc furnace, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
Specifically, the smelting power supply method for the electric arc furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) charging scrap steel into an electric arc furnace;
(2) supplying power to the electric arc furnace for 2-3min according to the voltage of 8-11 grades;
(3) the electrode of the electric arc furnace completely enters the molten pool, and the electric arc furnace is supplied with power for 25-35min according to the voltage of 12-16 grades;
(4) and finally, supplying power to the electric arc furnace according to the voltage of 8-11 grades until the smelting is finished.
In the above electric arc smelting power supply method, the electric arc furnace is an ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, the power is 10-20MVA, and the nominal capacity is 200-450 tons.
According to the electric arc furnace smelting power supply method, the scrap steel is a light and thin scrap steel pressing block.
According to the electric arc furnace smelting power supply method, the light and thin scrap steel pressing block is continuously fed into the electric arc furnace.
In the above electric arc furnace smelting power supply method, in the step (2), the voltage is 1020 + 1110V and the current is 68-69kA when the 8-11 step voltage is used for power supply.
In the above method for supplying power for smelting in an arc furnace, in the step (3), the voltage is 1140-1260V and the current is 60-68kA when the power is supplied at the 12-16 blocking voltage.
In the above electric arc furnace smelting power supply method, in the step (4), the voltage is 1020 + 1110V and the current is 68-69kA when the 8-11 step voltage is used for power supply.
In the above method for supplying power for electric arc furnace smelting, in the step (2), the temperature of the molten pool is 1540-.
In the above method for supplying power for arc furnace smelting, in the step (3), the temperature of the molten pool is 1540-.
In the above method for supplying power for electric arc furnace smelting, in the step (4), the bath temperature is 1590-.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention reasonably distributes the power supply system in the smelting process, improves the utilization rate of energy sources and reduces the electric quantity consumption of the electric arc furnace in the smelting process.
(2) The invention reasonably distributes the power supply system in the smelting process, and greatly reduces the impact of the current change in the smelting process on the power grid.
(3) The invention reasonably distributes the power supply system in the smelting process, improves the productivity, reduces the cost and reduces the pollution to the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply curve of the method for supplying power to an electric arc furnace for smelting according to the present invention;
wherein A is a power transmission arc striking stage, B is a melting stage, and C is an oxidation stage.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention. The process of the present invention employs conventional methods or apparatus in the art, except as described below. The following noun terms have meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
In order to ensure that the electric arc furnace can smelt qualified molten steel quickly, efficiently and at low cost, the power supply system is formulated. With reference to fig. 1, specifically, the method for supplying power for electric arc furnace smelting of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) charging scrap steel into an electric arc furnace;
preferably, the scrap steel is a light and thin scrap steel pressed block, wherein the light and thin scrap steel includes but is not limited to color steel tiles, pop-top cans and automobile plates.
The low-grade light and thin scrap steel which is not subjected to crushing treatment is directly packed into a large pressing block, and then the pressing block is smelted in an electric furnace, so that secondary garbage pollution generated in the scrap steel crushing process is reduced. The thin and light scrap steel pressing block is continuously fed into the electric arc furnace, molten iron does not need to be added, and the smelting efficiency and the energy utilization rate are improved.
Wherein, the electric arc furnace in the invention is an ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, the power is 10-20MVA, and the nominal capacity is 200-450 tons.
(2) Supplying power to the electric arc furnace for 2-3min according to the voltage of 8-11 grades;
wherein, the step (2) is a power transmission arc starting stage A. In the stage of power transmission and arc striking, after power transmission, the electrode descends, when the end part of the electrode is away from the furnace burden for a certain distance, under the action of strong current, the air in the middle is ionized into ions, and a large amount of electrons are emitted to form a conductive arc, so that a large amount of light and heat are generated.
Preferably, the invention supplies power according to 8-11 gear voltage in the power transmission arc starting stage. Wherein, the voltage is 1020-1110V, the current is 68-69kA, and the temperature of the molten pool reaches 1540-1550 ℃.
Specifically, the invention adopts low voltage in the power transmission arcing stage, the transformer outputs high current with constant current, the electric arc generated by electrifying the electrode is smaller, the arc light is stable, and the invention is favorable for the well-penetrating operation in the power transmission arcing stage. On the other hand, low voltage is adopted in the initial stage, and the electric arc is stable within the rated power of the transformer, so that the impact load on the power grid is small, and the pollution to the power grid is reduced.
In addition, if a large voltage is adopted in the power transmission arcing stage, the generated arc is long, and the arc is not in submerged arc operation, so that the arc can cause serious erosion to the refractory material of the electric furnace, the furnace life of the electric furnace is influenced, and the cost is increased.
(3) The electrode of the electric arc furnace completely enters the molten pool, and the electric arc furnace is supplied with power for 25-35min according to the voltage of 12-16 grades;
wherein said step (3) is in the start melting phase B. After the arc is started, the furnace charge below the electrode of the electric arc furnace is firstly melted under the action of the electric arc, the electrode gradually descends along with the melting of the furnace charge and reaches the low position of the electrode, the submerged arc operation is started, the arc light cannot leak, and the electric energy cannot be wasted.
The stage is a continuous feeding (scrap steel) stage, wherein the scrap steel is continuously added into an electric furnace and continuously melted.
Wherein, when the power is supplied according to the 12-16 blocking voltage, the voltage is 1140-1260V, the current is 60-68kA, and the temperature of the molten pool reaches 1540-1550 ℃.
The melting stage adopts large voltage and lower current, the electric arc generated by electrifying the electrode is large, and the submerged arc operation is favorable for quickly melting furnace burden (scrap steel).
(4) And (4) supplying power to the electric arc furnace according to the voltage of 8-11 grades until the smelting is finished.
Wherein step (4) is in oxidation stage C.
According to the weighing of the electric furnace, when the total weight of the molten steel in the electric furnace reaches the nominal capacity NC of the electric furnace, the charging of furnace burden (scrap steel) is stopped, and the added scrap steel is smelted and enters an oxidation stage after being completely melted.
Wherein, when power is supplied according to the 8-11 shift voltage, the voltage is 1020-1110V, the current is 68-69kA, and the temperature of the molten pool is gradually increased from 1560 ℃ to 1590-1610 ℃.
And (3) sampling and detecting molten steel components in an oxidation period, when the contents of the elements [ C ] and [ P ] in the molten steel components meet the process requirements of smelting steel types, measuring the temperature of the molten steel, and judging that smelting is finished when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1590-1610 ℃.
Further, the electric arc furnace smelting power supply method further comprises the following steps:
(5) and after smelting is finished, stopping power transmission, and carrying out tapping operation.
Wherein, the tapping operation is carried out by adopting a steel and slag remaining method. The steel-making process of steel-retaining and slag-retaining has the function of accelerating the melting of scrap steel, and can effectively improve the productivity of smelting equipment.
The steel retention amount is determined according to the furnace age as follows: the early stage of the furnace 10 is more than or equal to 24% NC, the period of the furnace 11-20 is 24% -30% NC, and the later stage of the furnace 20 is more than or equal to 30% NC (NC is the nominal capacity of the electric arc furnace, and unit ton).
In some preferred embodiments, the smelting process also comprises oxygen supply and carbon powder blowing operation.
Wherein in the oxygen blowing operation, the oxygen pressure is required to be 1.0 to 1.6MPa, and the oxygen blowing operation is performed according to the oxygen supply system shown in Table 1.
The invention carries out oxygen blowing operation under high pressure and large flow, so that the oxygen range is farther, the penetrating power of the oxygen is favorably improved, the oxygen can enter the molten steel through the foam slag, the stirring effect on a molten steel pool is enhanced, the temperature of the molten steel is homogenized, and the physical effect and the chemical energy effect of oxygen blowing are enhanced.
In some preferred embodiments, the oxygen flow rate during the oxygen blowing process should be controlled according to the chemical reaction conditions in the furnace. By reasonably controlling the intensity and rhythm of oxygen blowing, the consumption of smelting electric energy can be reduced, the consumption of electrodes and refractory materials is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
TABLE 1 oxygen supply system for each smelting stage
Further, a molten pool is formed preliminarily, and carbon powder can be blown separately according to the condition of slag after oxygen blowing is started. Preferably, the flow rate of the carbon powder to be blown is controlled within the range of 25 to 30kg/min (calculated according to the consumption of 15 to 20kg/t steel and the blowing time of 45 min). The carbon content of molten steel is low after the full light and thin material scrap steel pressing block is melted, and the purpose of removing gas and impurities by smelting oxidation cannot be achieved, so that extra carbon materials are required to be added to ensure the process requirement.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental procedures without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were carried out according to conventional methods and conditions. The starting materials used in the following examples are all conventionally commercially available.
Example 1
(1) Continuously feeding scrap steel into a 220-ton ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace (nominal capacity 320 tons);
(2) carrying out power transmission and arc striking stage operation on the electric arc furnace, supplying power for 2-3 minutes according to 8-11 grade voltage, and enabling the temperature of a molten pool to reach 1540-;
(3) the electrode completely enters the molten pool, the power supply operation in the melting stage is started, the power is supplied for 25-35 minutes according to the voltage of 12-16 grades, and the temperature of the molten pool reaches 1540-;
(4) the smelting process enters an oxidation stage, and power is supplied according to 8-11 voltage levels until the smelting is finished.
The power supply system in each smelting stage is shown in table 2:
table 2 power supply system in each smelting stage in example 1
| Smelting stage | Power transmission arcing stage | Melting stage | Oxidation stage |
| Voltage class | 8-11 | 12-16 | 8-11 |
| Current kA | 68-69 | 60-68 | 68-69 |
| Voltage V | 1020-1110 | 1140-1260 | 1020-1110 |
| Bath temperature C | 1540-1550 | 1540-1550 | 1590-1610 |
After smelting is finished, the power consumption of 393kWh/t steel is calculated for each ton of steel. The power consumption of the invention is far less than that of the existing full scrap steel electric arc furnace smelting power supply method, and the utilization rate of energy is improved.
Example 2
(1) Continuously feeding scrap steel into a 220-ton ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace (nominal capacity 320 tons);
(2) carrying out power transmission and arc striking stage operation on the electric arc furnace, supplying power for 2-3 minutes according to 8-11 grade voltage, and enabling the temperature of a molten pool to reach 1540-;
(3) the electrode completely enters the molten pool, the power supply operation in the melting stage is started, the power is supplied for 25-35 minutes according to the voltage of 12-16 grades, and the temperature of the molten pool reaches 1540-;
(4) the smelting process enters an oxidation stage, and power is supplied according to 8-11 voltage levels until the smelting is finished.
(5) And after the sampling is qualified, finishing the smelting, and carrying out steel tapping operation by adopting a steel-remaining and slag-remaining method to leave steel for 80-90 t.
The power supply system in each smelting stage is shown in table 3:
table 3 power supply system in each smelting stage in example 2
| Smelting stage | Power transmission arcing stage | Melting stage | Oxidation stage |
| Voltage class | 8-11 | 12-16 | 8-11 |
| Current kA | 68-69 | 60-68 | 68-69 |
| Voltage V | 1020-1110 | 1140-1260 | 1020-1110 |
| Bath temperature C | 1540-1550 | 1540-1550 | 1590-1610 |
After smelting is finished, the power consumption of the ton steel is calculated to be 387kWh/t steel. The power consumption of the invention is far less than that of the existing full scrap steel electric arc furnace smelting power supply method, and the utilization rate of energy is improved.
Example 3
(1) The low-grade light thin steel scraps such as color steel tiles, ring-pull cans, automobile plates and the like are directly packed into large pressing blocks with the size of less than 2000 multiplied by 600 multiplied by 500mm by a packing machine without crushing treatment;
(2) feeding the packed scrap briquettes to a continuous feeding channel through a lifting appliance, and continuously feeding the briquettes to a 220-ton electric arc furnace (the nominal capacity NC is 320 tons) for smelting at the speed of 4-5 tons/minute through the continuous feeding channel;
(3) carrying out power transmission and arc striking stage operation on the electric arc furnace, supplying power for 2-3 minutes according to 8-11 grade voltage, and enabling the temperature of a molten pool to reach 1540-;
(4) the electrode completely enters the molten pool, the power supply operation in the melting stage is started, the power is supplied for 25-35 minutes according to the voltage of 12-16 grades, and the temperature of the molten pool reaches 1540-;
(5) the smelting process enters an oxidation stage, and power is supplied according to 8-11 voltage levels until the smelting is finished.
Table 4 power supply system in each smelting stage in example 3
| Smelting stage | Power transmission arcing stage | Melting stage | Oxidation stage |
| Voltage class | 8-11 | 12-16 | 8-11 |
| Current kA | 68-69 | 60-68 | 68-69 |
| Voltage V | 1020-1110 | 1140-1260 | 1020-1110 |
| Bath temperature C | 1540-1550 | 1540-1550 | 1590-1610 |
Wherein, oxygen blowing operation was performed at the oxygen blowing intensity shown in table 5 in the smelting process; the oxygen pressure is required to be 1.2-1.6MPa, the chemical reaction condition in the furnace is intensively observed in the oxygen blowing process, and the oxygen flow is controlled according to the reaction degree. The oxygen supply system is shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5 oxygen supply system in each smelting stage in example 3
| Smelting stage | Power transmission arcing | Melting stage | Oxidation stage |
| Oxygen blowing intensity | Hypoxia | Low and medium oxygen | Medium and high oxygen |
| Oxygen flow (m)3/h) | 1500-2000 | 4000-5000 | 5000-6000 |
And (3) primarily forming a molten pool, and after oxygen blowing is started, blowing carbon powder according to the condition of slag, wherein the flow is controlled within the range of 25-30 kg/min.
(6) And after the sampling is qualified, finishing the smelting, and carrying out steel tapping operation by adopting a steel-remaining and slag-remaining method to leave steel for 80-90 t.
After smelting is finished, the power consumption of each ton of steel is 385kWh/t of steel through calculation. The power consumption of the invention is far less than that of the existing full scrap steel electric arc furnace smelting power supply method, and the utilization rate of energy is improved.
The present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing in terms of preferred embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions equivalent to those of the embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The smelting power supply method of the electric arc furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) charging scrap steel into an electric arc furnace;
(2) supplying power to the arc furnace for 2-3min according to 8-11 th voltage, wherein the voltage is 1020-1110V and the current is 68-69kA when the power is supplied according to the 8-11 th voltage;
(3) the electrode of the arc furnace completely enters the molten pool, and the arc furnace is supplied with power for 25-35min according to the voltage of 12-16 grades, wherein the voltage is 1140-1260V and the current is 60-68kA when the voltage of 12-16 grades is used for supplying power;
(4) finally, supplying power to the electric arc furnace according to 8-11 grades of voltage until smelting is finished; wherein, the voltage is 1020-1110V and the current is 68-69kA when the 8-11 gear voltage supplies power;
wherein the electric arc furnace is an ultrahigh power electric arc furnace, the power is 10-20MVA, and the nominal capacity is 200-450 tons.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the scrap steel is a compact of thin scrap steel.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the light scrap steel compact is continuously fed into the electric arc furnace.
4. The method for supplying power to an electric arc furnace for smelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step (2), the bath temperature is 1540-1550 ℃ when the power supply is at 8-11 steps.
5. The method for supplying power to an electric arc furnace for smelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step (3), the bath temperature is 1540-1550 ℃ when the power supply is at the voltage of 12-16 steps.
6. The method for supplying power to an electric arc furnace for smelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the bath temperature is 1590-1610 ℃ when the power is supplied at 8-11 blocking voltages.
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