CN109136314B - Method for synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by using klebsiella melitensis - Google Patents
Method for synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by using klebsiella melitensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by using klebsiella melitensis, belonging to the technical field of biological fermentation. The process uses klebsiella melitensis as a strain and uses wet thalli of the strain as an enzyme source to convert thymidine and 2, 6-diaminopurine into 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine in one step. Compared with other processes, the reaction system is clear in each component in purified water and synthetic liquid, the 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine obtained by the method is easy to extract, high in product quality, low in cost, easy to operate, suitable for industrialization, and obvious in market competitiveness, and the content of a finished product is more than or equal to 99.9%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation in biological medicine, relates to biosynthesis of purine deoxynucleoside, and particularly relates to a method for synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by using klebsiella melitensis.
Background
Klebsiella (Klebsiella) is a gram-negative bacterium. There are mainly klebsiella pneumoniae (k. pneumoniae), klebsiella rhinotracheale (k. ozaenae) and klebsiella rhinodurans (k. rhinosclerosis). Biological properties: is short and thick bacillus, and has size of 0.5-0.8 × 1-2um, and is arranged singly, doubly or in short chain. There are no spores, no flagella, thicker capsule, and most of them have pili. The nutrient requirement is not high, and a large gray mucus bacterial colony is formed on a common agar culture medium, picked by an inoculating loop and easily pulled into threads, so that the identification is facilitated. Lactose can be fermented on the selective culture medium of the enterobacteria, and colored colonies are presented.
With O antigen and K antigen, the latter for typing. Using the capsular swelling assay, this genus K antigen can be classified as type 82. Klebsiella pneumoniae is mostly of types 3 and 12; the corynebacterium odoratum mainly belongs to type 4, and the small number is type 5 or type 6; the bacterium Klebsiella rhinodurans is generally type 3, but not all types 3 are the bacterium. The bacteria of the genus are killed within 30 minutes at 55 ℃ and survive on the medium for weeks to months.
2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine (dDA), 2-aminodeoxyadenosine for short, is an important intermediate of fine chemical engineering, pesticides and medicines, is mainly used for synthesizing anti-AIDS, anti-cancer, hypertension treatment and other aspects of medicines in the field of medicines, and has wide application. The synthetic method is mainly a chemical synthetic method, and the direct conversion from thymidine and 2, 6-diaminopurine to 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by adopting biosynthesis still has no breakthrough progress.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the process adopts klebsiella melitensis as a strain, and converts thymidine and 2, 6-diaminopurine into 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by using wet thalli of the strain as an enzyme source, so that the process is simple, the cost is low, the operation is easy, and the process is suitable for industrialization.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps: preparing thallus, preparing immobilized enzyme, performing enzymatic reaction, extracting products and the like. The detailed process flow is shown in figure 1.
And (3) microorganism information: the Klebsiella Michii adopted by the invention has the Latin name of Klebsiella Michii (Klebsiella microorganisn sis) used in the specific implementation mode and is preserved in the common microorganism center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, and the preservation number is as follows: CGMCC No. 16111.
The preservation address is as follows: west road No.1, north west of chaoyang district, beijing, institute of microbiology, china academy of sciences, with a date of collection of 2018, 07 months and 16 days.
First, preparation of the cells
1.1 activation of cells and enzyme production culture
Strain: klebsiella amichianensis (Klebsiella melceensis)
The strain number is as follows: DUR201505001
The strain preservation number is as follows: CGMCC16111
Activating a culture medium: 5g/L yeast extract, 10g/L sodium chloride, 10g/L peptone, pH7.0
The culture conditions are as follows: 38 ℃, 200rpm and 12h
Enzyme production culture medium: 75g/L of yeast extract, 15g/L of sodium chloride, 60mL/L of corn steep liquor, 0.8g/L of calcium chloride, 0.6g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.8g/L of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.1g/L of zinc chloride and pH7.0
The culture conditions are as follows: 38 ℃, DO is more than or equal to 50 percent and 14h
1.2 Collection of cells
Centrifuging the enzyme-producing culture solution, washing wet thallus with 20mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution with pH of 7.0, and freezing and storing at-20 deg.C.
Secondly, preparation of immobilized enzyme
2.1 extraction of enzymes
And (3) treating the bacterial suspension by using an ultrasonic cell disruption method, and centrifuging the supernatant to obtain the enzyme solution.
Ultrasonic treatment conditions are as follows: the bacterial suspension formula comprises: Tris-HCl 50mN, EDTA5mN, pH8.0, thallus concentration 60%
Crushing conditions: 1600W, 35 ℃ and 30min
Centrifugation conditions: 7000rpm, 30min
2.2 activating the resin
(1) Washing with water
Weighing appropriate amount of new resin, washing with purified water until no turbidity (5-8 times), suction filtering, and soaking in appropriate amount of PBS buffer for 5-10 hr.
(2) Glutaraldehyde crosslinking
The PBS buffer was removed by suction filtration, then 10 volumes of 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution was added and stirred in a water bath at 25 ℃ for 12-15 h.
(3) Washing with water
And (3) carrying out suction filtration on the crosslinked resin to remove a glutaraldehyde solution, and then washing the crosslinked resin with purified water for later use. 2.3 enzyme-Linked
The activated resin and the enzyme are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1:1.5, stirred in water bath at 20 ℃ for 12-15h, and then washed to be neutral for later use.
Enzymatic reaction
3.1 preparation of the reaction System
Thymidine is 50-200 g/L; 50-200g/L of 2, 6-diaminopurine; the immobilized enzyme amount is 50-200 g/L;
reaction system: purified water
3.2 reaction conditions
Stirring at 200rpm after the preparation of the reaction system is completed, carrying out water bath reaction at 55-65 ℃ for 72h, then carrying out suction filtration to obtain a synthetic solution, and carrying out the next extraction process.
Fourthly, extracting the product
4.1 concentration
After the enzymatic reaction is finished, the synthetic solution of 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine (dDA) is obtained by suction filtration, and crude products are obtained by rotary evaporation and concentration.
4.2 Hot melt
Detecting the product content in the crude product, carrying out hot melting by using a proper amount of alkaline ethanol according to the 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine content in the crude product, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain a crude product solution.
4.3 drying
And (3) evaporating the crude product solution to dryness in a rotary manner to obtain a crude product of the 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine.
4.4 refining
Dissolving the 2 '-deoxy-2-aminoadenosine crude product in a proper amount of alkaline water solution according to the content of impurities in the crude product, then performing suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain the pure 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine product.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the reaction system of the process is purified water, and the target product 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine is synthesized in one step by taking thymidine and 2, 6-diaminopurine as substrates, so that the process is low in cost, environment-friendly, easy to operate and suitable for industrialization.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, in the extraction process, the product accumulation concentration of the process can reach more than 450mmol/L, the immobilized enzyme is easily separated from the reaction liquid, the product is easily extracted, and the yield is high (more than or equal to 90%).
Advantageous effects of the invention
1) Enzymatic procedure
Strain: the process uses klebsiella meliloti as a strain for the first time, uses wet thalli of the strain as an enzyme source to convert thymidine and uracil to synthesize deoxyuridine, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost, easy operation and suitability for industrialization.
Reaction system: the reaction system used in the process is purified water (PBS and Tris-HCl are utilized in the reference), thymidine and 2, 6-diaminopurine are used as substrates to enzymatically synthesize the target product 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine, and the process has the advantages of low cost, environmental protection, easy operation and suitability for industrialization.
Immobilized enzyme: the process utilizes the combination of enzyme liquid and a resin carrier after cell disruption to fix the deoxyribose transferase on the resin carrier, has simple process, ensures that the immobilized enzyme can keep activity for a long time (the immobilized enzyme can be continuously used for more than 30 days, and the conversion rate is kept to be more than 80 percent), ensures that the immobilized resin carrier can be recycled, has low cost, is easy to operate and is suitable for industrialization.
Thymidine (dT) conversion: [ dDA (mmol/L)/starting dT (mmol/L) ]. times.100%
The reaction efficiency is high: compared with the literature reports, the process for producing the 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine has the advantages of high reaction speed, high conversion rate, high substrate thymidine conversion rate of over 90 percent, high substrate thymidine concentration of 500mmol/L, simple operation and easy industrialization.
2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine (dDA) yield: [ dDA finished product mass/dDA actual mass ]. times.100%
The environmental protection pressure is small: the process utilizes immobilized deoxynucleoside transferase as an enzyme source and purified water as a reaction system to continuously and rapidly enzymatically synthesize the 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine, thereby improving the utilization rate of the enzyme, reducing the cost and greatly reducing the discharge amount of waste liquid.
2) Extraction procedure
The product is easy to extract and has high yield: the highest accumulated concentration of the product in the process is more than 450mmol/L, the immobilized enzyme is easily separated from the reaction liquid, the product is easily extracted, and the yield is high (more than or equal to 90%).
And (3) environmental protection: the process uses alkaline ethanol and alkaline water as solvents, has simple extraction process and low cost, can repeatedly use the solvents, realizes zero emission, is environment-friendly and is suitable for industrialization.
The product quality is high: compared with other processes, the target product 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine produced by the process has the advantages of easy extraction of the product, high product quality and finished product content of more than or equal to 99.9 percent (generally more than or equal to 98 percent for market sale) because the reaction system is purified water and each component in the synthetic solution is very clear.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detailed process flow diagram of the conversion process in the summary of the invention;
FIG. 2 is the effect of 1.1 culture temperature on the growth of bacterial cells and enzyme activity in example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the cell concentration and enzyme activity of example 1 at 1.2 pH for 20 h;
FIG. 4 is a fermentation enzyme production curve of the 1.3DUR201505001 strain in example 1;
FIG. 5 shows the substrate conversion at different reaction temperatures of 2.1 in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of pH on conversion in the reaction system of 2.2 in example 1;
FIG. 7 is the thymidine conversion ratio for 2.3 different substrate ratios in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a graph of substrate concentration versus conversion of 2.4 in example 1;
FIG. 9 is a plot of 2.5 reaction time versus thymidine conversion in example 1;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of 2.6 enzyme and the substrate conversion in example 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Example 1
Optimization of conversion reaction conditions
1. Enzyme production culture condition optimization
1.1 optimal culture temperature of DUR201505001 Strain
Inoculating the seed culture solution cultured for 20h into enzyme production culture medium at 5% inoculum size, culturing at 600L/h ventilation rate under stirring at 500rpm at 28-42 deg.C and different temperatures for 20h, and measuring culture solution OD660 and enzyme activity (FIG. 2). The result shows that the bacterial quantity and the enzyme activity of the DUR201505001 strain are increased along with the increase of the culture temperature within the culture temperature range of 28-38 ℃, the change of the enzyme activity is not obvious or is reduced to some extent when the temperature is higher than 38 ℃, but the bacterial growth quantity begins to be obviously reduced. Therefore, the optimum culture temperature for the DUR201505001 strain in the enzyme-producing medium was about 38 ℃.
1.2 optimum culture pH value of DUR201505001 strain thallus
Inoculating the seed culture solution cultured for 20h into enzyme production culture medium at 5% inoculum size, ventilating amount of 600L/h, stirring speed of 500rpm, culture temperature of 38 deg.C, and measuring OD660 and enzyme activity of the culture solution cultured for 20h under different pH conditions (FIG. 3). The results show that: the pH range of the thallus growth is 7.0-7.5, and the thallus growth amount is obviously reduced when the pH range is lower than or higher than the pH range; in the acidic pH range, the enzyme activity of unit wet thalli increases along with the increase of the pH, reaches the maximum value in the pH range of 7.0-7.5, and the enzyme activity obviously decreases when the pH is higher than 7.5. Considering the factors of thallus growth, enzyme activity, total enzyme amount and the like, the proper pH value for the growth and enzyme production of the DUR201505001 strain is about 7.0.
1.3 fermentation enzyme production curve of DUR201505001 strain
Inoculating DUR201505001 with 5% of inoculum size in enzyme-producing fermentation medium, culturing at 38 deg.C and pH7.0, ventilating at 600L/h under 500r/min stirring, periodically sampling to determine fermentation broth OD660nm and enzyme activity during culture, and drawing growth curve and enzyme-producing curve (FIG. 4). The results show that: the concentration of the fermentation liquid thallus is rapidly increased within the range of less than 16h, and the change is not obvious after the fermentation liquid thallus is cultured for 16 h; the enzyme activity is rapidly improved along with the prolonging of the culture time in the initial 12h of fermentation, which shows that the enzyme activity is parallel to the growth of thalli, the enzyme activity of unit wet thalli reaches the maximum value after the culture time reaches 16h, and the enzyme activity curve shows a plateau period. Therefore, the suitable enzyme-producing culture time is more than 16 h.
2 reaction condition optimization
The optimization test of the reaction conditions of immobilized enzymatic synthesis of 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine is carried out on the basis of an initial reaction system, and comprises the optimization of conditions such as enzyme amount, substrate concentration, proportion, pH value, reaction temperature, reaction time and the like, so as to achieve the aims of improving substrate conversion rate and reducing cost. 2.1 optimum temperature for enzymatic reaction
The initial reaction system was used to perform enzymatic conversion reaction at different temperatures for 48h, and the target product content was measured to calculate the substrate conversion rate (FIG. 5). The results show that: in a wider temperature range, the reaction system can convert 2, 6-diaminopurine into 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine, and the conversion efficiency is continuously improved along with the temperature rise in the temperature range of 30-50 ℃, which shows that the enzymatic reaction speed can be improved by increasing the temperature, and the conversion rate reaches the maximum value at 55 ℃; when the temperature is further increased, the conversion rate is reduced, and the conversion rate is rapidly reduced when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃, which indicates that the enzyme activity is seriously inactivated under the condition of overhigh temperature, and the conversion reaction is not facilitated. The result shows that the optimal enzymatic reaction temperature for synthesizing the 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by the immobilized enzyme is about 55 ℃.
2.2 optimum pH for enzymatic reaction
And (3) adjusting the pH value of the solution by using the reaction system, carrying out immobilized enzymatic reaction for 48h, measuring the content of a target product, and calculating the substrate conversion rate under different pH conditions (figure 6). The results show that: the substrate conversion reaches a maximum value in the pH range of 6.0-7.5, and the conversion rate is rapidly reduced when the pH value is too high or too low. Therefore, the optimum pH value of the immobilized enzyme-catalyzed reaction is about 7.0.
2.3 determination of optimum substrate concentration ratio
On the basis of the reaction system, the mixture ratio of the two substrates is respectively adjusted to carry out enzymatic conversion reaction for 48 hours, the content of the target product is measured, and the substrate conversion rate is calculated (figure 7). The results show that: the 2, 6-diaminopurine/thymidine molar ratio is in the range of 0.6-1.8, the thymidine conversion rate increases rapidly with the increase of substrate ratio, and the conversion rate is not changed obviously after the ratio is more than 1.8. Therefore, the optimum ratio of 2, 6-diaminopurine/thymidine is selected to be 1.8 or more.
2.4 determination of optimal substrate concentration
In the above reaction system, the concentration of the substrate was adjusted, the enzymatic reaction was carried out for 48 hours, the content of the objective product was measured, the conversion rate of the substrate under different conditions was calculated, and the conversion rate curve under different concentration conditions was plotted (fig. 8). The results show that: when the thymidine concentration is less than 500mmol/L, the thymidine conversion rate is not changed obviously, and after the thymidine concentration is more than 500mmol/L, the conversion rate is reduced obviously. According to the above results, the optimum reaction concentration of thymidine is determined to be 500mmol/L or less because the substrate concentration is increased without changing the substrate conversion rate, the catalytic potential of the enzyme can be fully utilized, and the productivity is improved, thereby reducing the production cost.
2.5 determination of optimum reaction time
Under the optimized reaction conditions, the concentration of the product at different times of the conversion reaction was measured and the substrate conversion was calculated (FIG. 9). The results show that: the product is accumulated continuously with the prolonging of the reaction time, the substrate thymidine conversion rate is increased rapidly with the increasing of the reaction time, and the change of the product concentration is not obvious after the reaction time reaches 72 hours. Thus, a suitable time for harvesting the product may be selected to be 72 hours later.
2.6 determination of optimum enzyme amount
Under the above optimum reaction conditions, the conversion reaction was carried out while varying the amount of the enzyme in the range of 4 to 18% without changing the other conditions, and the concentration of the product of the conversion reaction was measured for 48 hours to calculate the substrate conversion rate (FIG. 10). The results show that: in the range of 4-12% of the enzyme amount, the conversion rate rapidly increased with the increase in the enzyme amount, and the change was not significant thereafter. Since the immobilized enzyme has the property of being reused many times, an enzyme amount of 14% or slightly more, e.g., 16%, can be selected as the optimum enzyme amount.
Example 2
Synthesis of 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by immobilized enzyme catalysis on 100L scale
1. Preparation of cells
1.1 activation of cells and enzyme production culture
Activating a culture medium: 5g/L yeast extract, 10g/L sodium chloride, 10g/L peptone, pH7.0
The culture conditions are as follows: 38 ℃, 200rpm and 12h
Enzyme production culture medium: 75g/L of yeast extract, 15g/L of sodium chloride, 60mL/L of corn steep liquor, 0.8g/L of calcium chloride, 0.6g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.8g/L of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.1g/L of zinc chloride and pH7.0
The culture conditions are as follows: 38 ℃, DO is more than or equal to 50 percent and 14h
1.2 Collection of cells
Centrifuging the enzyme-producing culture solution (centrifuging at 5000rpm for 10min), washing wet thallus with 20mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution with pH of 7.0, and freezing and storing at-20 deg.C.
2. Preparation of immobilized enzyme
2.1 extraction of enzymes
And (3) treating the bacterial suspension by using an ultrasonic cell disruption method, and centrifuging the supernatant to obtain the enzyme solution.
Ultrasonic treatment conditions are as follows: the bacterial suspension formula comprises: Tris-HCl 50mN, EDTA5mN, pH8.0, thallus concentration 60%
Crushing conditions: 1600W, 35 ℃ and 30min
Centrifugation conditions: 7000rpm, 30min
2.2 activating the resin
(1) Washing with water
Weighing appropriate amount of new resin, washing with purified water until no turbidity (5-8 times), suction filtering, and soaking in appropriate amount of PBS buffer for 5-10 hr.
(2) Glutaraldehyde crosslinking
The PBS buffer was removed by suction filtration, then 10 volumes of 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution was added and stirred in a water bath at 25 ℃ for 12-15 h.
(3) Washing with water
And (3) carrying out suction filtration on the crosslinked resin to remove a glutaraldehyde solution, and then washing the crosslinked resin with purified water for later use.
2.3 enzyme-Linked
Mixing the activated resin and enzyme at a ratio of 1:1.5, stirring in water bath at 20 deg.C for 12-15 hr, and washing with water to neutral.
3. Enzymatic reaction
Preparation of reaction System
12.2Kg of thymidine; 13.6Kg of 2, 6-diaminopurine; the immobilized enzyme amount is 14 Kg; 100L of purified water; pH: 7.0.
reaction conditions
Stirring at 200rpm after the preparation of the reaction system is completed, carrying out water bath reaction at 55 ℃ for 72h, and carrying out the next extraction procedure after suction filtration.
4. Product extraction
4.1 concentration
After the enzymatic reaction is finished, filtering to obtain 2 '-deoxy-2-aminoadenosine synthetic solution, detecting that the content of 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine is 10.81Kg, and performing rotary evaporation, concentration and drying to obtain 18.83Kg of crude product.
4.2 Hot melt
And (3) carrying out hot melting by using a proper amount of alkaline ethanol according to the content of the 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine in the crude product, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain a crude product solution.
4.3 drying
The crude solution was evaporated to dryness and weighed to obtain 11.62Kg2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine crude.
4.4 refining
According to the impurity content in the crude product, the 2 '-deoxy-2-aminoadenosine crude product is dissolved in a proper amount of alkaline water solution, and then the solution is filtered to obtain a precipitate, and the precipitate is dried and weighed to obtain 9.72Kg of 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine finished product.
4.5 quality control
And (4) checking the refined product to be qualified, and performing HPLC: 99.97%, HNMR and CNMR are in agreement with the standard nuclear magnetism.
Claims (4)
1. The method for synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine by using klebsiella melitensis is characterized by comprising the following steps of: thymidine and 2, 6-diaminopurine are used as raw materials, and Klebsiella Michii is used for converting and synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine; the conversion synthesis process comprises the following steps: preparing thalli, preparing immobilized enzyme, performing enzymatic reaction and extracting a product; reacting thymidine, 2, 6-diaminopurine and immobilized enzyme in a purified water reaction system, filtering to obtain a synthetic solution, and extracting a product; the concentration of the thymidine, the concentration of the 2, 6-diaminopurine and the concentration of the immobilized enzyme are all 50-200g/L, and the reaction is carried out in water bath at the temperature of 55-65 ℃; the Klebsiella Michii, named Klebsiella microtiganensis, is deposited in the China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 16111.
2. The method of synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation of the thallus comprises thallus activation, spawn production culture and thallus collection.
3. The method of synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation of the immobilized enzyme comprises enzyme extraction, activated resin and enzyme coupling.
4. The method of synthesizing 2' -deoxy-2-aminoadenosine according to claim 1, wherein: the product extraction comprises concentration, hot melting, drying and refining.
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| EP0916735A1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-05-19 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Process for preparing 2,6-diaminopurine-2'-deoxyriboside and 2'-deoxyguanosine |
| CN1670207A (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2005-09-21 | 上海秋之友生物科技有限公司 | Immobilized nucleoside phosphorylase microbe and its application in synthesizing purine nucleosidase |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0916735A1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-05-19 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Process for preparing 2,6-diaminopurine-2'-deoxyriboside and 2'-deoxyguanosine |
| CN1670207A (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2005-09-21 | 上海秋之友生物科技有限公司 | Immobilized nucleoside phosphorylase microbe and its application in synthesizing purine nucleosidase |
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