CN109135203A - 一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜及其制备方法,该地表覆盖膜的原料包括:PBAT、聚乳酸、乙烯‑乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、纤维素、改性淀粉、碳酸钙、纳米级二氧化钛、聚碳酸酯、芸苔素内酯、微粉硅胶和增塑剂。采用本发明的覆盖膜对砂梨种植园进行处理,可起到克服高温多雨障碍的效果,所得果实可溶性固形物含量提高10%,商品果率提高30%。而且本发明制得的覆盖膜具有良好的力学性能、高保温保墒性、好的透光性以及价格相对低廉等特性,使用后掩埋地下可完全降解为水和二氧化碳,符合环保要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于地表覆盖膜技术领域,具体涉及一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
砂梨,原产于长江流域及其以南地区,在江苏省南部地区广泛栽培,以“爱甘水”、“翠冠”、“幸水”等早熟品种栽培为主,成熟期主要集中在7、8月份。梨适合在土层深厚、排水良好、肥力水平相对较高的砂壤土栽培,根系生长最适含水量为土壤最大田间持水量的60%~80%。
近年来,随着全球气候温暖化趋势的加剧,苏南地区夏季降雨量偏多(梅雨)和极端高温(>35℃)天气出现频率增加,持续时间也较长,梅雨季节土壤水分含量过高引起渍涝,不能正常供给根系氧气,直接影响其呼吸和正常的生理活动进行,造成大量根系老化、窒息死亡。梅雨结束后迅即高温,高温本就容易对果实产生高温障碍,加上因大量根系受渍害损伤,树体地上部与地下部比例严重失调,近成熟期的果实因得不到足够的水分蒸发来降温致使果实表面温度急剧升高造成日灼,近年来日灼现象在生产上发生普遍且严重(70%以上)。
根系老化、烂根所导致的砂梨果品和产量下降已成为制约梨消费量和销售价格的重要原因,目前普遍采用地表避雨覆盖措施可有效控制梅雨季节土壤湿度,达到‘下护根上保果’的功效,而现有的秸秆覆盖、树盘覆盖、生草覆盖均不能实现同时提高果品和产量的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述不足而提供一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜及其制备方法,所得覆盖膜可起到克服高温多雨障碍的效果。
一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,原料以重量份计包括:PBAT 20-30份,聚乳酸3-7份,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物2-5份,纤维素3-6份,改性淀粉1-4份,碳酸钙3-6份,纳米级二氧化钛1-3份,聚碳酸酯1-3份,芸苔素内酯0.5-1份,微粉硅胶2-4份,增塑剂1-2份。
所述纤维素选自乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素。
所述改性淀粉为酯化淀粉。
所述纳米级二氧化钛的粒径在300-500nm。
所述纳米级二氧化钛为锐钛矿型纳米级二氧化钛。
所述增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯。
上述南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将芸苔素内酯和微粉硅胶混合,研磨,备用;
步骤2,将PBAT、聚乳酸、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、纤维素、聚碳酸酯在85℃下干燥,待冷却到室温,混合,备用;
步骤3,将改性淀粉、碳酸钙、纳米级二氧化钛、增塑剂和步骤1、步骤2的混合物料混合,投入挤出吹膜机中,热熔挤出吹膜,制成地表覆盖膜。
采用本发明的覆盖膜对砂梨种植园进行处理,可起到克服高温多雨障碍的效果,所得果实可溶性固形物含量提高10%,商品果率提高30%。而且本发明制得的覆盖膜具有良好的力学性能、高保温保墒性、好的透光性以及价格相对低廉等特性,使用后掩埋地下可完全降解为水和二氧化碳,符合环保要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,原料以重量份计包括:PBAT 20份,聚乳酸3份,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物2份,纤维素3份,改性淀粉1份,碳酸钙3份,纳米级二氧化钛1份,聚碳酸酯1份,芸苔素内酯0.5份,微粉硅胶2份,增塑剂1份。
其中,所述纤维素选自乙基纤维素。所述改性淀粉为酯化淀粉。所述纳米级二氧化钛的粒径在300-500nm,纳米级二氧化钛为锐钛矿型纳米级二氧化钛。所述增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯。
上述南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将芸苔素内酯和微粉硅胶混合,研磨,备用;
步骤2,将PBAT、聚乳酸、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、纤维素、聚碳酸酯在85℃下干燥,待冷却到室温,混合,备用;
步骤3,将改性淀粉、碳酸钙、纳米级二氧化钛、增塑剂和步骤1、步骤2的混合物料混合,投入挤出吹膜机中,热熔挤出吹膜,制成地表覆盖膜。
实施例2
一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,原料以重量份计包括:PBAT 23份,聚乳酸4份,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物3份,纤维素4份,改性淀粉2份,碳酸钙4份,纳米级二氧化钛2份,聚碳酸酯2份,芸苔素内酯0.7份,微粉硅胶3份,增塑剂1.5份。
其中,所述纤维素选自羟丙基甲基纤维素。所述改性淀粉为酯化淀粉。所述纳米级二氧化钛的粒径在300-500nm,纳米级二氧化钛为锐钛矿型纳米级二氧化钛。所述增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯。
上述南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将芸苔素内酯和微粉硅胶混合,研磨,备用;
步骤2,将PBAT、聚乳酸、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、纤维素、聚碳酸酯在85℃下干燥,待冷却到室温,混合,备用;
步骤3,将改性淀粉、碳酸钙、纳米级二氧化钛、增塑剂和步骤1、步骤2的混合物料混合,投入挤出吹膜机中,热熔挤出吹膜,制成地表覆盖膜。
实施例3
一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,原料以重量份计包括:PBAT 27份,聚乳酸6份,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物4份,纤维素5份,改性淀粉3份,碳酸钙5份,纳米级二氧化钛2份,聚碳酸酯2份,芸苔素内酯0.8份,微粉硅胶3份,增塑剂2份。
其中,所述纤维素选自羟丙基纤维素。所述改性淀粉为酯化淀粉。所述纳米级二氧化钛的粒径在300-500nm,纳米级二氧化钛为锐钛矿型纳米级二氧化钛。所述增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯。
上述南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将芸苔素内酯和微粉硅胶混合,研磨,备用;
步骤2,将PBAT、聚乳酸、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、纤维素、聚碳酸酯在85℃下干燥,待冷却到室温,混合,备用;
步骤3,将改性淀粉、碳酸钙、纳米级二氧化钛、增塑剂和步骤1、步骤2的混合物料混合,投入挤出吹膜机中,热熔挤出吹膜,制成地表覆盖膜。
实施例4
一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,原料以重量份计包括:PBAT 30份,聚乳酸7份,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物5份,纤维素6份,改性淀粉4份,碳酸钙6份,纳米级二氧化钛3份,聚碳酸酯3份,芸苔素内酯1份,微粉硅胶4份,增塑剂2份。
其中,所述纤维素选自乙基纤维素。所述改性淀粉为酯化淀粉。所述纳米级二氧化钛的粒径在300-500nm,纳米级二氧化钛为锐钛矿型纳米级二氧化钛。所述增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯。
上述南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将芸苔素内酯和微粉硅胶混合,研磨,备用;
步骤2,将PBAT、聚乳酸、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、纤维素、聚碳酸酯在85℃下干燥,待冷却到室温,混合,备用;
步骤3,将改性淀粉、碳酸钙、纳米级二氧化钛、增塑剂和步骤1、步骤2的混合物料混合,投入挤出吹膜机中,热熔挤出吹膜,制成地表覆盖膜。
试验选择江苏丘陵地区砂梨果园,选取树龄为25a的梨树,株行距为5*6m,于4月初覆盖地膜,设置清耕作为对照处理。每个处理的面积为700m2,所有试验小区的其他管理与平常的生产管理方式相同。
1.新梢长度测定
4月初,分别在试验树树冠的东、南、西、北、顶5个方向各选取4条新梢进行标记并测量长度,到6月中旬新梢停止生长后,测量新梢的生长长度,计算出各新梢的平均生长量。
结果显示,采用上述实施例所制成的覆盖膜进行覆膜处理后,试验树的新梢生长量(52.15cm)远高于清耕(43.17cm)。
2.产量测定
9月初,各处理区选取3株试验树进行全树摘果,称取质量,计算产量和果实品质。
结果显示,采用上述实施例所制成的覆盖膜进行覆膜处理后,试验树的商品果率(85%)远高于清耕(55%),且果实可溶性固形物含量可提高10%。
Claims (7)
1.一种南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,其特征在于:原料以重量份计包括:PBAT 20-30份,聚乳酸3-7份,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物2-5份,纤维素3-6份,改性淀粉1-4份,碳酸钙3-6份,纳米级二氧化钛1-3份,聚碳酸酯1-3份,芸苔素内酯0.5-1份,微粉硅胶2-4份,增塑剂1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,其特征在于:所述纤维素选自乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,其特征在于:所述改性淀粉为酯化淀粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,其特征在于:所述纳米级二氧化钛的粒径在300-500nm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,其特征在于:所述纳米级二氧化钛为锐钛矿型纳米级二氧化钛。
6.根据权利要求1所述的南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜,其特征在于:所述增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯。
7.权利要求1所述的南方砂梨树种植用地表覆盖膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将芸苔素内酯和微粉硅胶混合,研磨,备用;
步骤2,将PBAT、聚乳酸、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、纤维素、聚碳酸酯在85℃下干燥,待冷却到室温,混合,备用;
步骤3,将改性淀粉、碳酸钙、纳米级二氧化钛、增塑剂和步骤1、步骤2的混合物料混合,投入挤出吹膜机中,热熔挤出吹膜,制成地表覆盖膜。
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