CN109130374B - 一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109130374B
CN109130374B CN201811010923.XA CN201811010923A CN109130374B CN 109130374 B CN109130374 B CN 109130374B CN 201811010923 A CN201811010923 A CN 201811010923A CN 109130374 B CN109130374 B CN 109130374B
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姚湘
曾朝辉
谭艳林
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Xiangtan University
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Abstract

一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，由内层面料、外层面料组成，其特征在于，所述内层面料由纯棉和交织用防静电丝组成，所述外层面料由竹纤维和棉纤维组成；所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料在将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合后进一步浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料。本发明采用独特的双重抗静电技术和抗菌技术，制备得到一种兼具抗静电和抗菌功效的纺织面料，解决了玩具、布艺产品生产中的静电危害和后期销售、展示过程中易吸附和集聚灰尘的问题，同时基于抗菌物质的添加使用，本发明所制备得到的产品具备一定的抗菌活性，提高了产品的安全性。

Description

一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法
技术领域：
本发明属于纺织品技术领域，具体涉及一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法。
背景技术：
随着科学技术的进步和人民生活水平的提高， 人们在生产和生活中对纺织品的功能性提出了更多和更高的要求， 如产品的舒适性、美观性、 健康性，是否绿色环保，是否能够满足特出行业需求等等。为了满足功能性纺织品的市场需求，加快功能性纺织品的开发和研究，许多科研机构和企业加快了功能性纺织品的研究步伐。如具有柔软、保温、吸湿快干、防水透湿等特点的舒适功能的纺织品; 具备阻燃、抗静电、防水、防紫外线、抗菌等特点的家用和产业用纺织品。
纺织品在生产加工和使用中易因摩擦和感应产生静电， 而常规纤维材料的电阻率均在 1010 Ω·cm 以上， 所产生的电荷不易逸散。纤维素纤维加工中静电现象尚不明显; 蛋白质纤维的静电干扰就较严重。毛纤维虽然有较高的平衡回潮率，但其质量比电阻在天然纤维中达到最高; 回潮率普遍较低的合成纤维的电阻率高达1414 Ω·cm 以上，电荷积聚现象更加显著。毛纺织生产中纺织材料的带电现象常会导致纤维缠绕或堵塞机件、半制品或纱线发毛、断头， 织造时经纱开口不清， 织物折叠不齐等现象，影响生产的顺利进行; 纺织品使用中， 静电电荷的积聚易引起灰尘附着， 服装纠缠肢体产生粘附不适感。对于手工编织品或者布艺玩具而言，静电的存在对于编织者存在一定的伤害，例如静电导致血液pH值上升， 血液中钙含量降低、尿中钙含量增加，血糖升高、维生素C 含量下降等，而且静电也导致灰尘吸附和集聚，严重影响布艺类产品的外观形象和销售。
另外，对于玩具生产而言，其主要消费人群面向儿童群体，据科研人员检测：把消毒过的玩具给宝宝玩10天以后，塑料玩具上的细菌集落数可达3000多个，木制玩具上达近5000个，而毛皮制作的玩具上竟多达2万多个，玩具中还检测出了大肠杆菌、乙型肝炎病毒等致病微生物，其污染程度比衣服、被褥以及餐具等更为严重因此孩子咬玩具的问题应该得到重视。因此，布艺或者编织类玩具的抗菌性能也存在迫切的需求。
现有技术中，对于单独的抗静电纺织面料研究较多，例如，发明专利申请CN201310685527.8涉及一种抗静电纺织面料，由内层面料、外层面料组成，所述内层各组份的重量份数为纯棉65~82份，真丝8~22份，防静电丝交织10~23份；所述表层各组份的重量份数为竹纤维61~79份，棉纤维11~19份，氨纶纤维12~28份。本发明抗静电纺织面料具有抗静电功能，避免面料由于脱水后面料易与皮肤之间产生静电，且结构简单，能有效降低面料的摩擦系数，减少摩擦中静电荷的产生量，具有较高的防静电性。发明专利申请CN201110436608.5公开了一种抗静电尼龙纺织品。该纺织品的单纤维表面覆盖有皮膜树脂层，且皮膜树脂层由与尼龙纤维的末端基团发生交联反应的聚醚型聚氨酯树脂、以及氟系树脂所形成。该纺织品的初期摩擦带电压在2000V以下，拒水度在4级以上，拒油度在4级以上；家庭洗涤20回后摩擦带电压2500V以下，拒水度在3级以上，拒油度在3级以上。本发明填补了尼龙纺织品不能同时兼备抗静电性能、拒水拒油性能的空白。发明专利申请CN201511028832.5 提供了一种抗菌纺织品及其制备方法，本发明提供的抗菌纺织品通过在负载二氧化钛的纺织品上沉积银纳米颗粒得到；本发明通过先在纺织品上沉积二氧化钛，且所沉积的二氧化钛的形貌为花型，然后再将银纳米颗粒沉积在负载二氧化钛的纺织品上，使得本发明得到的抗菌纺织品的耐洗性好，而且制备纺织品的方法简单，生产周期短，三废少。徐华山等针对阻燃抗静电织物的综合性能不能满足要求的问题,重点介绍了阻燃纺织材料的阻燃原理、阻燃剂作用机理、制备及阻燃性能评价,并对阻燃抗静电织物的制备方法和注意事项进行了总结（纺织报告 2016年第7期）。
基于以上现有技术可知，目前尚未生产出兼具抗静电和抗菌特性的纺织材料，特别是对于玩具生产厂家或者手工工艺品编织生产而言具有重要市场意义的兼具抗静电和抗菌特性的纺织面料。而这正是目前玩具、编织、布纺工艺品生产中亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容：
基于现有技术中并未发展兼具抗静电和抗菌特性的纺织材料，不能很好的满足玩具、编织和布纺工艺品生产和市场需求，本发明旨在提供一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法，所述纺织面料具备良好的抗静电性能，能够避免布纺面料在进一步的生产过程中的静电现象，对于手工艺从业人员更加友好，且加工出的产品不易吸附和集聚灰尘，具有抗菌的作用，能够更好的保护消费者的健康。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明采用如下技术手段：
一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，由内层面料、外层面料组成，其特征在于，所述内层面料由纯棉和交织用防静电丝组成，所述外层面料由竹纤维和棉纤维组成。
所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料的所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合。
所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料在将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合后进一步浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料。
所述内层面料是以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织而成，所述外层面料是以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织而成。内层面料中所述的纯棉采用的规格为16.0-17.1 tex，所述交织用防静电丝的规格为1.8-2.3tex；外层面料中，所述竹纤维的规格为15.2-15.8 tex，所述棉纤维的规格为3-5tex。
所述抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶采用如下方法制备得到：
步骤一，将5-7重量份的异丙醇、1-2重量份的纳米ZnO和2-3重量份的聚乙二醇溶解在100重量份的80-85℃的水中，而后与冰醋酸按照1:（1-1.5）的体积比混合，得到复合醋酸溶液；
步骤二，将2-5重量份壳聚糖溶解到步骤一制备得到的复合醋酸溶液中，得到壳聚糖醋酸溶液，而后将0.8-2重量份的AgNO3溶解到壳聚糖醋酸溶液中得到壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液；
步骤三，将80-90重量份正硅酸乙酯在高速搅拌下以1滴/秒的速度加入到步骤二制备得到的壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液中，室温下磁力搅拌机快速搅拌3小时，得到壳聚糖-银- SiO2复合水溶胶，即所述的抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶。
所述抗静电和抗菌纺织面料的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织得到内层面料；以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织得到外层面料；
步骤二，将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合得到基础面料；
步骤三，将步骤二的基础面料浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料。
所述烘干是指在80-85℃下烘干20-30分钟；所述烘焙是指在120-130℃下烘焙5-8分钟。
基于以上技术方案，本发明具备如下优点和有益效果：
首先，发明人基于玩具和布艺加工中存在的抗静电和抗菌需求，独创性地提出制备一种兼具抗静电和抗菌功效的纺织面料，从而解决玩具、布艺产品生产中的静电危害和后期销售、展示过程中易吸附和集聚灰尘的问题，同时基于抗菌物质的添加使用，本发明所制备得到的产品具备一定的抗菌活性，且本发明生产中未使用有毒有害的成分，对消费者安全、友好。
其次，本发明采用双重抗静电处理技术，在内层面料生产过程中采用了交织用防静电丝为纬线，其具备良好的导电性能，能够充分释放生产和产品使用过程中由于摩擦导致的静电集聚的现象，另一方面，本发明还采用抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶，其中添加了具有良好导电性能的银离子、纳米氧化锌等，也有利于静电的扩散，不会产生静电集聚的现象。
再次，本发明中采用壳聚糖和银离子复合，两者配合协同作用，使得面料具有良好的抗菌功能。
综上所述，本发明采用独特的双重抗静电技术和抗菌技术，制备得到一种兼具抗静电和抗菌功效的纺织面料，解决了玩具、布艺产品生产中的静电危害和后期销售、展示过程中易吸附和集聚灰尘的问题，同时基于抗菌物质的添加使用，本发明所制备得到的产品具备一定的抗菌活性，提高了产品的安全性。
具体实施方式：
实施例1：一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，由内层面料、外层面料组成，其特征在于，所述内层面料由纯棉和交织用防静电丝组成，所述外层面料由竹纤维和棉纤维组成。
所述抗静电和抗菌纺织面料的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织得到内层面料；以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织得到外层面料；
步骤二，将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合得到基础面料；
步骤三，将步骤二的基础面料浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料。
所述烘干是指在85℃下烘干20分钟；所述烘焙是指在130℃下烘焙5分钟。
内层面料中所述的纯棉采用的规格为16.0-17.1 tex，所述交织用防静电丝的规格为1.8-2.3tex；外层面料中，所述竹纤维的规格为15.2-15.8 tex，所述棉纤维的规格为3-5tex。
所述抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶采用如下方法制备得到：
步骤一，将6重量份的异丙醇、2重量份的纳米ZnO和3重量份的聚乙二醇溶解在100重量份的80-85℃的水中，而后与冰醋酸按照1:1的体积比混合，得到复合醋酸溶液；
步骤二，将4重量份壳聚糖溶解到步骤一制备得到的复合醋酸溶液中，得到壳聚糖醋酸溶液，而后将1重量份的AgNO3溶解到壳聚糖醋酸溶液中得到壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液；
步骤三，将85重量份正硅酸乙酯在高速搅拌下以1滴/秒的速度加入到步骤二制备得到的壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液中，室温下磁力搅拌机快速搅拌3小时，得到壳聚糖-银-SiO2复合水溶胶，即所述的抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶。
实施例2：一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，由内层面料、外层面料组成，其特征在于，所述内层面料由纯棉和交织用防静电丝组成，所述外层面料由竹纤维和棉纤维组成。
所述抗静电和抗菌纺织面料的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织得到内层面料；以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织得到外层面料；
步骤二，将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合得到基础面料；
步骤三，将步骤二的基础面料浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料。
所述烘干是指在80℃下烘干30分钟；所述烘焙是指在120℃下烘焙8分钟。
内层面料中所述的纯棉采用的规格为16.0-17.1 tex，所述交织用防静电丝的规格为1.8-2.3tex；外层面料中，所述竹纤维的规格为15.2-15.8 tex，所述棉纤维的规格为3-5tex。
所述抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶采用如下方法制备得到：
步骤一，将7重量份的异丙醇、1重量份的纳米ZnO和2重量份的聚乙二醇溶解在100重量份的80-85℃的水中，而后与冰醋酸按照1: 1.5的体积比混合，得到复合醋酸溶液；
步骤二，将5重量份壳聚糖溶解到步骤一制备得到的复合醋酸溶液中，得到壳聚糖醋酸溶液，而后将2重量份的AgNO3溶解到壳聚糖醋酸溶液中得到壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液；
步骤三，将80重量份正硅酸乙酯在高速搅拌下以1滴/秒的速度加入到步骤二制备得到的壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液中，室温下磁力搅拌机快速搅拌3小时，得到壳聚糖-银-SiO2复合水溶胶，即所述的抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶。
实施例3：一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，由内层面料、外层面料组成，其特征在于，所述内层面料由纯棉和交织用防静电丝组成，所述外层面料由竹纤维和棉纤维组成。
所述抗静电和抗菌纺织面料的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织得到内层面料；以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织得到外层面料；
步骤二，将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合得到基础面料；
步骤三，将步骤二的基础面料浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料。
所述烘干是指在85℃下烘干20分钟；所述烘焙是指在120℃下烘焙8分钟。
内层面料中所述的纯棉采用的规格为16.0-17.1 tex，所述交织用防静电丝的规格为1.8-2.3tex；外层面料中，所述竹纤维的规格为15.2-15.8 tex，所述棉纤维的规格为3-5tex。
所述抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶采用如下方法制备得到：
步骤一，将5重量份的异丙醇、2重量份的纳米ZnO和3重量份的聚乙二醇溶解在100重量份的80-85℃的水中，而后与冰醋酸按照1:1的体积比混合，得到复合醋酸溶液；
步骤二，将3重量份壳聚糖溶解到步骤一制备得到的复合醋酸溶液中，得到壳聚糖醋酸溶液，而后将0.9重量份的AgNO3溶解到壳聚糖醋酸溶液中得到壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液；
步骤三，将85重量份正硅酸乙酯在高速搅拌下以1滴/秒的速度加入到步骤二制备得到的壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液中，室温下磁力搅拌机快速搅拌3小时，得到壳聚糖-银-SiO2复合水溶胶，即所述的抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶。
实施例4：抗静电试验
参考纺织机械和纺织行业标准FZ/T 01042-1996《纺织材料静电性能静电压半衰期的测定》在FY342E-Ⅱ织物感应式静电仪（温州方圆仪器有限公司）上测试织物的感应电压和半衰期，其中以以下对比实施例1作为参照进行比较，具体结果如下表1：
表1 抗静电试验结果
样品 感应电压（V） 半衰期（s）
对比实施例1 3200.0 8.50
实施例1 2735.5 1.25
实施例2 2698.0 1.10
其中对比实施例1为：一种纺织面料，由内层面料、外层面料组成，其特征在于，所述内层面料由纯棉和交织用防静电丝组成，所述外层面料由竹纤维和棉纤维组成。所述纺织面料的制备方法包括如下步骤：步骤一：以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织得到内层面料；以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织得到外层面料；步骤二，将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合得到所述的纺织面料。
由以上表1的结果可知，本发明所制备得到的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，采用了抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶处理，其感应电压和半衰期明显减小，即抗静电的性能得到了大大的提高，说明本发明的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料表面能够快速逸散电荷，使其无法聚集。相比不采用抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶处理的纺织面料，其抗静电性能得到了大大的提升。
实施例5：抗菌试验
本发明的主要抗菌特性来自抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶处理，因而基于抗菌活性验证的需要，发明人设置以下对比试验例：
对比实施例2：银- SiO2复合水溶胶采用如下方法制备得到：步骤一，将5重量份的异丙醇、2重量份的纳米ZnO和3重量份的聚乙二醇溶解在100重量份的80-85℃的水中，而后与冰醋酸按照1:1的体积比混合，得到复合醋酸溶液；步骤二，将0.9重量份的AgNO3溶解到步骤一制备得到的复合醋酸溶液中，得到银离子复合抗菌溶液；步骤三，将85重量份正硅酸乙酯在高速搅拌下以1滴/秒的速度加入到步骤二制备得到的银离子复合抗菌溶液中，室温下磁力搅拌机快速搅拌3小时，得到银- SiO2复合水溶胶。
对比实施例3：壳聚糖- SiO2复合水溶胶采用如下方法制备得到：步骤一，将6重量份的异丙醇、2重量份的纳米ZnO和3重量份的聚乙二醇溶解在100重量份的80-85℃的水中，而后与冰醋酸按照1:1的体积比混合，得到复合醋酸溶液；步骤二，将4重量份壳聚糖溶解到步骤一制备得到的复合醋酸溶液中，得到壳聚糖醋酸溶液；步骤三，将85重量份正硅酸乙酯在高速搅拌下以1滴/秒的速度加入到步骤二制备得到的壳聚糖醋酸溶液中，室温下磁力搅拌机快速搅拌3小时，得到壳聚糖- SiO2复合水溶胶。
将同样的布片分别进行大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌处理，然后分别放入本发明实施例1、2，对比试验2和3的复合水溶胶溶液中，时间为15分钟，统计各处理组中大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率，具体结果如下表2：
表2抗菌试验结果
大肠杆菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 绿脓杆菌
实施例1 100% 100% 100%
实施例2 99.8% 100% 99.7%
对比实施例2 92.5% 87.3% 85.5%
对比实施例3 77.7% 75.3% 70.3%
基于以上表2的试验结果可知，本发明的抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶由于采用了银离子和壳聚糖，两者相互配合，协同作用使得其具有良好的杀菌和抗菌性能，相比单独采用银离子的对比实施例2和单独采用壳聚糖的对比实施例3，杀菌效果得到了极大的改善。以上试验结果表明，在抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中银离子和壳聚糖之间具有协同作用，能够显著增强织物的抗菌性能。

Claims (5)

1.一种抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，由内层面料、外层面料组成，其特征在于，所述内层面料由纯棉和交织用防静电丝组成，所述外层面料由竹纤维和棉纤维组成；所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料的所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合；所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料在将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合后进一步浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料；
所述抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶采用如下方法制备得到：
步骤一，将5-7重量份的异丙醇、1-2重量份的纳米ZnO和2-3重量份的聚乙二醇溶解在100重量份的80-85℃的水中，而后与冰醋酸按照1:（1-1.5）的体积比混合，得到复合醋酸溶液；
步骤二，将2-5重量份壳聚糖溶解到步骤一制备得到的复合醋酸溶液中，得到壳聚糖醋酸溶液，而后将0.8-2重量份的AgNO3溶解到壳聚糖醋酸溶液中得到壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液；
步骤三，将80-90重量份正硅酸乙酯在高速搅拌下以1滴/秒的速度加入到步骤二制备得到的壳聚糖-银复合抗菌溶液中，室温下磁力搅拌机快速搅拌3小时，得到壳聚糖-银-SiO2复合水溶胶，即所述的抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，其特征在于，所述内层面料是以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织而成，所述外层面料是以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织而成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，其特征在于，内层面料中所述的纯棉采用的规格为16.0-17.1 tex，所述交织用防静电丝的规格为1.8-2.3tex；外层面料中，所述竹纤维的规格为15.2-15.8 tex，所述棉纤维的规格为3-5tex。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料，其特征在于，所述抗静电和抗菌纺织面料的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织得到内层面料；以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织得到外层面料；
步骤二，将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合得到基础面料；
步骤三，将步骤二的基础面料浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料；
所述烘干是指在80-85℃下烘干20-30分钟；所述烘焙是指在120-130℃下烘焙5-8分钟。
5.一种制备权利要求1-4中任一项所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：以纯棉为经线，以交织用防静电丝为纬线交织得到内层面料；以竹纤维为经线，以棉纤维为纬线交织得到外层面料；
步骤二，将所述内层面料通过胶黏剂与所述外层面料黏合得到基础面料；
步骤三，将步骤二的基础面料浸渍到抗静电和抗菌复合水溶胶中进行浸润，而后烘干、烘焙得到所述的抗静电和抗菌纺织面料；
所述烘干是指在80-85℃下烘干20-30分钟；所述烘焙是指在120-130℃下烘焙5-8分钟。
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