CN109120928B - Improved intra block copying method and device based on character segmentation - Google Patents
Improved intra block copying method and device based on character segmentation Download PDFInfo
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- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
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- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
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- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
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Abstract
A method for encoding a screen content image in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is proposed, the method comprising an intra block copy operation specific to the screen content image, the intra block copy operation comprising two successive rounds of partitioning operations performed on the current coding unit as follows: a first round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit up to a penultimate column: for a particular column, if the variance of the column is less than a first threshold while the variance of an adjacent column to the right of the particular column is greater than the first threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column; a second round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit until a second last column: for a particular column, if a difference between the variance of the particular column and the variance of a column preceding the particular column is greater than a second threshold and the variance of the particular column is less than a third threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of image and video processing, and more particularly to methods and products for improved intra block copying based on character segmentation in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), and more particularly, the present invention proposes an improved intra block copying algorithm for character segmentation.
Background
In 4 months 2010, two international Video coding standards organizations VCEG and MPEG established Video compression joint group JCT-vc (joint Video coding), which together develop a high efficiency Video coding hevc (high efficiency Video coding) standard, also known as h.265. The main objective of the HEVC standard is to achieve a large increase in coding efficiency with the previous generation standard h.264/AVC, especially for high resolution video sequences. The goal is to reduce the code rate to 50% of the h.264 standard at the same video quality (PSNR).
At this stage, HEVC still continues to use the hybrid coding framework that h.264 just started to adopt. Inter and intra prediction coding: the correlation between the time domain and the spatial domain is eliminated. Transform coding: the residual is transform coded to remove spatial correlation. Entropy coding: eliminating statistical redundancy. HEVC will focus on research of new coding tools or techniques within the framework of hybrid coding to improve video compression efficiency.
At present, new characteristics of a plurality of codes proposed in the discussion of JCT-VC organization are possibly added into HEVC standard, and specific documents discussed at each time can be obtained fromhttp：//wftp3.itu.intAnd (4) obtaining.
The first edition of the HEVC standard has been completed in january of 2013. And 3 versions released in succession at months 4 in 2013, 10 in 2014 and 4 in 2015, which can be easily obtained from the network, and the present application incorporates the three versions of the HEVC standard described above in the present specification as background for the present invention.
Screen content coding is an important extension of efficient video coding, and it plays an important role for web conferencing, remote desktop sharing, and distance teaching. The so-called screen content consists of two parts, one being the content captured by the camera and the other being the content generated by the computer itself, such as tables, documents, etc. Since the presence of high frequency content makes screen content coding more difficult than natural images. Some HEVC-based improvements have resulted in significant improvements in both coding and decoding efficiency for the efficiency of video coding. An intra block copy mode, a palette mode, and the like are introduced as new techniques.
The screen content includes text and images as well as some repetitive graphics such as words, characters and some border content. Therefore, new techniques, such as intra block copy mode, have been introduced to encode these repeated graphics JCT-VC more efficiently by HEVC screen content coding. Fig. 2 illustrates an intra motion estimation technique similar to inter-frame coding. The most similar region to the current block is found as a prediction of the current coding unit from the already encoded reconstructed region as a reference as an intra block copy. As shown in fig. 2, "bcd" of the left coding unit is the best intra block copy search result of the current coding unit. The motion vector indicated by the arrow is the best prediction, i.e. the optimal motion vector. The optimal motion vector prediction is then transmitted to the decoding end for decoding reconstruction.
Intra block copy mode the three existing partitioning methods for the current coding unit are 2N × 2N, 2N × N and N × 2N, respectively. However, many blocks with complex text and graphics in the screen content have difficulty in accurately predicting these complex areas using the existing prediction. Finding a matching block as a prediction is difficult for blocks that have two or three consecutive texts and have not appeared as such.
Disclosure of Invention
In the present invention, a method for encoding a screen content image in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is proposed, the method comprising an intra block copy operation specific to the screen content image, the intra block copy operation comprising:
calculating the variance of each column of pixels of the current coding unit;
sequentially performing two rounds of partitioning operations for the current coding unit as follows:
a first round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit up to a penultimate column: for a particular column, if the variance of the column is less than a first threshold while the variance of an adjacent column to the right of the particular column is greater than the first threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column;
a second round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit until a second last column: for a particular column, if a difference between the variance of the particular column and the variance of a column preceding the particular column is greater than a second threshold and the variance of the particular column is less than a third threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus comprising an intra block copy operation specific to the screen content image, the intra block copy operation comprising:
means for calculating, for each column of pixels of a current coding unit, a variance of the column of pixels;
means for performing two rounds of partitioning operations in sequence for the current coding unit as follows:
a first round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit up to a penultimate column: for a particular column, if the variance of the column is less than a first threshold while the variance of an adjacent column to the right of the particular column is greater than the first threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column;
a second round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit until a second last column: for a particular column, if a difference between the variance of the particular column and the variance of a column preceding the particular column is greater than a second threshold and the variance of the particular column is less than a third threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column.
According to another aspect, the present invention proposes a video codec employing the above method or apparatus.
According to another aspect, the invention proposes a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the above-mentioned method.
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Fig. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an encoder block diagram of HEVC.
Fig. 2 illustrates an intra motion estimation technique according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a high-level flow diagram of the algorithm proposed herein, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of character segmentation based intra block copying according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 illustrates two-step decision of block partitioning according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a flow diagram of a method for performing intra block copying according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6a shows a block diagram of an apparatus for performing intra block copying according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Various aspects are now described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such aspect(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
As used in this application, the terms "component," "module," "system," and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, such as but not limited to hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to: a process running on a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate by way of local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets, e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the internet with other systems by way of the signal.
Fig. 1 shows a general block diagram of a video encoder implemented by High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The encoder architecture of HEVC is substantially the same as that used in h.264, and mainly aims to further research and improve the algorithms used in each module, especially for high resolution video sequences, and the improvement aims to reduce the bitrate to 50% of the h.264 standard under the same video quality (PSNR).
Since the encoder architecture of HEVC is substantially the same as that used by h.264, the overall architecture in fig. 1 is not described in this application, so as not to obscure the present invention. More specifically, the present invention is primarily concerned with intra block copy operations specific to the screen content image.
I. Algorithm overview
In the intra block copy algorithm, the optimal motion vector selection is performed by the following COST calculation.
COSTDV＝D+λRDV (1)
Where D represents the sum of absolute errors of the current coding unit and the reference coding unit, RDV represents the number of bits used to encode the motion vector, and λ is based on RDVThe weight may be an adjusted parameter. COSTDVThe smallest motion vector will be selected as the optimal motion vector.
The character segmentation method proposed by the text is used for searching the matching block, so that D can be greatly reduced, and COST can be obviously reducedDV。
Fig. 3 and 4 illustrate the procedure of the proposed algorithm. Firstly, the rule between the variances between two adjacent columns is adopted to judge whether the current block needs to be divided, then the intra-frame block copy is adopted to predict each part, and D is ensured to be small enough, so that the COSTDV of the coding unit is ensured to be small enough. Otherwise, other modes may be optionally selected for predictive coding. Such as the one provided in the standard procedure for JCT-VC.
The intra block copy mode is an algorithm for finding a matching block most similar to the current block in the reconstruction region, and predicting the current block with reference to the matching block. If consecutive characters or graphics exist, matching blocks that are similar to such blocks may be so rare that it is difficult to find a matching block. However, this process is much easier if the task of searching for a matching block is performed by dividing the current block into different basic elements, such as characters, etc., respectively.
In this context, we propose a variance-based partitioning method. The appropriate column variance in the current coding unit will be used to partition the coding unit that is currently hard to find a matching block, as follows.
1) Calculating the variance:
first, variance calculation is performed for each column in the current coding unit, and the difference between the column and the column variance is calculated, the variance calculation being shown in equation (2) below.
pixyRepresenting each pixel of the current column, height is the number of pixels of the current column.
2) Executing a first step of judgment:
if the first and last columns are considered in the partitioning, the temporal complexity of the encoding will be increased without any increase in the encoding quality, since the partitioning based on these two columns is equivalent to the current encoding block itself. We perform the partitioning starting with the second column until the second last column. The first vertical division may be performed if the variance of the current column of the current block is small (e.g., less than a certain threshold) while the right column of the current column is not small (e.g., greater than the certain threshold), as shown in (a), (b), (c), and (d) of fig. 5. Otherwise, continuing to execute the next judgment.
3) And executing the second step of judgment:
there may be some overlapping regions between two adjacent characters that are not exactly the same as the background, and therefore their variance is also not 0 in these regions. The first decision will not be valid for them and a new method is needed to divide the characters with overlapping areas. Statistical analysis gives some rules about the correspondence between two adjacent columns, so we set some thresholds for the partitioning of these regions. When the difference between the current column and the variance of the previous column is greater than a threshold (e.g., 300) and the variance of the current column is less than a threshold (400), we can further vertically divide the current column, as shown in fig. 5 (e).
Currently, there are also cases in practice where the above two-step judgment cannot obtain any division result. In this case, there may be two options, first, the current coding block is not further divided, thereby reducing the coding time; second, other intra-prediction partitioning methods are used for partitioning, such as the standard procedure that can directly use JCT-VC (which can be derived from JCT-VC)http：//wftp3.itu.intObtained) or any other partitioning method as an alternative.
Fig. 6 shows a flow diagram of a method for performing intra block copying according to one embodiment of the invention. The method shown in fig. 6 is used to encode a screen content image. The method includes an intra block copy operation specific to the screen content image.
At block 603, a variance is calculated for each column of pixels of the current coding unit. In one embodiment, equation (2) may be employed to calculate the variance.
At block 605, two rounds of partitioning operations are performed sequentially for the current coding unit as follows:
a first round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit up to a penultimate column: for a particular column, if the variance of the column is less than a first threshold while the variance of an adjacent column to the right of the particular column is greater than the first threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column;
a second round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit until a second last column: for a particular column, if a difference between the variance of the particular column and the variance of a column preceding the particular column is greater than a second threshold and the variance of the particular column is less than a third threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column.
Optionally, when the two steps judge that no division result can be obtained, there may be two options, first, the current coding block is not further divided, so as to reduce the coding time; second, other intra prediction partitioning methods are used for partitioning, e.g., partitioning may be performedIn a standard procedure using JCT-VC directly (which can be selected fromhttp：//wftp3.itu.intObtained) or any other partitioning method as an alternative.
Fig. 6a shows a block diagram of a method for performing intra block copying according to an embodiment of the invention. The apparatus is for encoding a screen content image, including an intra block copy operation specific to the screen content image.
At block 603a, the apparatus includes means for calculating, for each column of pixels of a current coding unit, a variance for the column of pixels. In one embodiment, equation (2) may be employed to calculate the variance.
At block 605a, the apparatus includes means for sequentially performing two rounds of partition operations for the current coding unit as follows:
a first round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit up to a penultimate column: for a particular column, if the variance of the column is less than a first threshold while the variance of an adjacent column to the right of the particular column is greater than the first threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column;
a second round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit until a second last column: for a particular column, if a difference between the variance of the particular column and the variance of a column preceding the particular column is greater than a second threshold and the variance of the particular column is less than a third threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention may all be implemented as HEVC-based encoders. The internal structure of the HEVC-based encoder may be as shown in fig. 1. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the decoder may be implemented as software, hardware, and/or firmware.
When implemented in hardware, the video encoder may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Additionally, at least one processor may include one or more modules operable to perform one or more of the steps and/or operations described above.
When the video encoder is implemented in hardware circuitry, such as an ASIC, FPGA, or the like, it may include various circuit blocks configured to perform various functions. Those skilled in the art can design and implement these circuits in various ways to achieve the various functions disclosed herein, depending on various constraints imposed on the overall system.
While the foregoing disclosure discusses illustrative aspects and/or embodiments, it should be noted that many changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the described aspects and/or embodiments as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, although elements of the described aspects and/or embodiments may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated. Additionally, all or a portion of any aspect and/or embodiment may be utilized with all or a portion of any other aspect and/or embodiment, unless stated to the contrary.
Claims (5)
1. A method for encoding a screen content image in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), the method comprising an intra block copy specific to the screen content image, the intra block copy comprising:
calculating the variance of each column of pixels of the current coding unit;
sequentially performing two rounds of partitioning operations for the current coding unit as follows:
a first round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit up to a penultimate column: for a particular column, if the variance of the column is less than a first threshold while the variance of an adjacent column to the right of the particular column is greater than the first threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column;
a second round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit until a second last column: for a particular column, if a difference between the variance of the particular column and the variance of a column preceding the particular column is greater than a second threshold and the variance of the particular column is less than a third threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first threshold is 0.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second threshold is 300.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the third threshold is 400.
5. An apparatus for intra block copying specifically for screen content images, comprising:
means for calculating, for each column of pixels of a current coding unit, a variance of the column of pixels;
means for performing two rounds of partitioning operations in sequence for the current coding unit as follows:
a first round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit up to a penultimate column: for a particular column, if the variance of the column is less than a first threshold while the variance of an adjacent column to the right of the particular column is greater than the first threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column;
a second round, performing the following operations starting from a second column of the current coding unit until a second last column: for a particular column, if a difference between the variance of the particular column and the variance of a column preceding the particular column is greater than a second threshold and the variance of the particular column is less than a third threshold, performing vertical partitioning on the current coding unit based on the particular column.
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