CN109120327B - Receiving and demultiplexing method for multi-modal orbital angular momentum vortex wave variable-scale aperture - Google Patents
Receiving and demultiplexing method for multi-modal orbital angular momentum vortex wave variable-scale aperture Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a variable-scale aperture sampling receiving and demultiplexing method for a mixed multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex wave, which mainly solves the problem of low utilization rate of the orbital angular momentum mode of the traditional receiving and demultiplexing vortex electromagnetic wave. The implementation scheme is as follows: setting a sampling receiving plane and determining a sampling aperture; then, electric field data received by receiving antennas which are uniformly distributed on the sampling aperture are used as sampling point data, and a plurality of groups of orbital angular momentum modal distribution with different modal intervals are obtained by changing the aperture sampling coefficient; and then, selecting and extracting a specific orbital angular momentum mode by respectively adopting digital signal processing to the orbital angular momentum mode spectrum distribution with different mode intervals, thereby realizing the receiving demultiplexing of orbital angular momentum mode components of any continuous-order mixed multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex waves. The method effectively improves the utilization rate of orbital angular momentum mode, and can be used for research design related to vortex electromagnetic wave reception in wireless communication and radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a variable-scale aperture receiving and demultiplexing method which can be used for research and design related to vortex electromagnetic wave receiving in wireless communication and radar.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the wireless communication rate is rapidly increased, and how to increase the spectrum utilization rate to a greater extent is the focus of attention of people. The orbital angular momentum OAM electromagnetic vortex technology is used as a multiplexing technology, can be used for improving the frequency spectrum utilization rate and the channel capacity, and has become a research hotspot in the electromagnetic field and the wireless communication field. Theoretically, the electromagnetic wave can carry linear momentum and angular momentum simultaneously, and the angular momentum comprises spin angular momentum SAM and orbital angular momentum OAM. SAM is related to polarization of electromagnetic waves, and polarization multiplexing technology used in communication at present is based on this physical principle. Theoretical studies of OAM have shown that it has an infinite number of orthogonal modes, also called OAM modes, denoted l, whereby communication can be performed in both ways by encoding the different orthogonal modes or modulating them as carriers.
The mathematical expression of the field of the vortex electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum contains
Term, where l represents the number of modes. Compared with the conventional plane wave, the vortex electromagnetic wave has a spiral distribution of the equiphase surfaces in space. The field intensity distribution of the single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave has a form similar to a 'donut', and the field intensity in the central area of the propagation axis of the electromagnetic wave is very weak and close to zero. And as the propagation distance of the vortex electromagnetic wave increases, the radius of the weak field intensity area is enlarged. Therefore, the single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave shows beam divergence characteristics with the increase of wave propagation distanceAdditionally, a large receiving aperture is required to completely receive the corresponding vortex electromagnetic wave. At present, methods for receiving eddy electromagnetic waves mainly include a phase gradient method, a single-point detection method, a complete aperture sampling reception method, a partial aperture sampling reception method, and the like. The partial aperture sampling receiving method selects the orthogonal orbital angular momentum mode at corresponding intervals for receiving and demultiplexing according to the size of the sampling receiving aperture size, although the size of the receiving aperture can be effectively reduced, the method has the limitation requirement of specific mode intervals on the orbital angular momentum mode value capable of receiving and demultiplexing, thereby reducing the mode utilization rate of the orbital angular momentum vortex wave.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a receiving demultiplexing method of a multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex wave variable-scale aperture aiming at the defects of the prior art, so as to reduce the receiving aperture and improve the orbital angular momentum modal utilization rate of a mixed multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex wave.
Based on the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) setting a sampling receiving plane and a sampling aperture:
1a) setting a sampling receiving plane in a direction vertical to a beam propagation axis, taking a 1/P circular arc aperture with the radius of R as a sampling aperture by taking the beam axis as the center of a circle, and setting M sampling receiving antennas at equal intervals in the 1/P circular arc aperture to sample and receive electric field data of vortex waves, wherein the interval between the sampling antennas is 2 pi/PM;
1b) numbering M sampling receiving antennas uniformly distributed on the 1/P part of circular arc aperture by a natural number of 1-M;
2) acquiring sampling point data in a sampling receiving plane:
2a) taking electric field value data received by M numbered antennas as M sampling point data, and selecting any continuous M from the M sampling dataiSampling point data, obtaining sampling data under sampling apertures of different scales, wherein MiThe following constraint conditions are satisfied,
Mi＝round(((1/Pi)/(1/P))·M)
wherein the round () function represents rounding to an integer, 1/P, of the expression in parenthesesiThe representation corresponds to MiThe sampling aperture coefficient of each sampling receiving antenna is used for representing the size of the sampling aperture of sampling receiving;
2b) respectively selecting different 1/PiAnd M corresponding theretoiSampling point data, thereby constituting a plurality of sets of sampling data;
3) receiving and demultiplexing the multi-modal orbital angular momentum vortex waves:
3a) respectively carrying out Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in a complex form on multiple groups of sampling data acquired in the step 2b) to obtain multiple groups of orbital angular momentum modal distribution with different modal intervals;
3b) selecting and extracting orbital angular momentum mode spectrum distribution with different mode intervals obtained in the step 3a), and realizing receiving demultiplexing of orbital angular momentum mode components of any continuous-order mixed multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex waves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the existing partial aperture sampling and receiving method, the method can not only realize the receiving and demultiplexing of the continuous-order multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex waves, but also effectively improve the orbital angular momentum modal utilization rate of the mixed multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex waves, and further promote the wide application of the orbital angular momentum technology in the fields of wireless communication and radar detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of a mixed multi-orbital angular momentum mode (l ═ 2+3) vortex electromagnetic wave;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for implementing variable-scale aperture sampling reception demultiplexing;
fig. 3 is a normalized modal spectrum distribution diagram of orbital angular momentum mode l ═ 2 obtained by using the existing aperture sampling reception demultiplexing;
fig. 4 is a normalized modal spectrum distribution diagram of orbital angular momentum mode l equal to 3 obtained by receiving and demultiplexing through the variable-scale aperture sampling of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a vortex electromagnetic wave carrying an orbital angular momentum mode has a special spatial electric field distribution characteristic compared to a general planar electromagnetic wave. The electric field amplitude distribution of the vortex electromagnetic wave with the mixed orbital angular momentum mode of l ═ 2+3 in the sampling receiving plane is shown in fig. 1(a), and the electric field phase distribution of the vortex electromagnetic wave with the mixed orbital angular momentum mode of l ═ 2+3 is shown in fig. 1 (b); the receiving plane of the vortex electromagnetic wave electric field is perpendicular to the propagation axis of the orbital angular momentum vortex beam to form a square area.
According to the invention, the receiving demultiplexing of different orbital angular momentum modes of the vortex electromagnetic wave beams is realized by processing the electric field distribution data of the vortex electromagnetic wave beams carrying orbital angular momentum in the space.
Referring to fig. 2, the implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
1a) Setting a sampling receiving plane in a direction vertical to a beam propagation axis, and selecting a square area as a receiving plane;
1b) according to the electric field distribution characteristic of the vortex electromagnetic wave beam in the receiving plane, taking any 2 pi/P part circular arc aperture with the radius of R in the region of electric field energy concentration by taking a wave beam axis as a circle center as a sampling aperture, wherein 1/P is a sampling aperture coefficient;
1c) m sampling receiving antennas are uniformly distributed on the 1/P partial circular arc aperture, the M sampling receiving antennas are sequentially numbered according to the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction by a natural number 1-M, and the M sampling receiving antennas are arranged into the sequence of 1,2,3, … and M according to the anticlockwise direction in the embodiment.
And 2, acquiring sampling point data in a sampling receiving plane.
2a) Taking the electric field data received by the M numbered antennas as sampling point data;
2b) according to the space electric field distribution of vortex electromagnetic wave beamIn the sampling point data received by the M numbered antennas, randomly continuous M in the area with concentrated vortex electromagnetic wave beam electric field energy are selectediThe electric field data of each sampling receiving antenna is MiObtaining sampling data under different sampling aperture scales by using the sampling point data, wherein MiThe following constraint conditions are satisfied,
Mi＝round(((1/Pi)/(1/P))·M)，
wherein the round () function represents rounding to an integer, 1/P, the expression in parenthesesiThe representation corresponds to MiThe sampling aperture coefficients of the sampling receiving antennas are respectively selected to be different 1/PiAnd M corresponding theretoiEach of the sampling point data, from which a plurality of sets of sampling data are formed, is written,
and 3, receiving and demultiplexing the multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex waves.
3a) Based on sampling theorem and Fourier transform theory, multiple groups of obtained sampling data are subjected to
Respectively carrying out Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of complex form to obtain multiple groups of different modal intervals delta liThe distribution of orbital angular momentum modes of (A) are respectively recorded as
3b) For the distribution of orbital angular momentum modes with different mode intervals
And (3) carrying out selection and extraction:
3b1) corresponding the orbital angular momentum modal value to be selected and extracted to the parameters required by the linear frequency modulation Z transformation CZT algorithm in the digital signal processing algorithm;
3b2) for modes with different orbital angular momentumInterval delta liIs/are as follows
And executing a linear frequency modulation Z conversion CZT algorithm in the digital signal processing method, selecting and extracting the specific orbital angular momentum mode, and realizing the receiving demultiplexing of the continuous-order mixed mode orbital angular momentum vortex waves.
The effect of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulation examples:
1. simulation parameters:
in the present embodiment, the receive demultiplexing is performed for the case of the hybrid multi-orbital angular momentum mode l being 2+3, where M is 18, 1/P is 1/2, that is, the sampling aperture corresponds to the circular arc with the size of 2 pi/P pi, and the interval between the sampling antennas is 2 pi/PM pi/18. Get 1/PiTo 1/3, obtain the corresponding MiIs 12.
HFSS and MATLAB were used as simulation software.
2. Simulation process and result:
taking M18 and 1/P1/2, and performing complex Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) operation on the electric field amplitude and phase data obtained by the sampling receiving antenna to obtain a modal spectrum distribution diagram of orbital angular momentum corresponding to the sampling aperture coefficient 1/2, which is recorded as OAMspectrum1/2As shown in fig. 3. Ordinate | F (jl) in FIG. 3i) I represents the modal amplitude of the corresponding orbital angular momentum mode, | F (jl)i)|maxThe term representing the maximum amplitude in the modal amplitude spectrum of the entire orbital angular momentum mode, | F (jl)i)|/|F(jli)|maxRepresents the orbital angular momentum mode values normalized to the maximum value. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the modal spectrum interval corresponding to orbital angular momentum is Δ liThe component of the orbital angular momentum mode l 2 dominates. It can be obtained that, for a vortex wave with a mixed orbital angular momentum mode of l 2+3, the component of the orbital angular momentum mode of l 2 can be easily selected and extracted.
The second step is to take 1/P out of the sampling point data acquired under the conditions of M being 18 and 1/P being 1/2i＝1/3，MiObtained by sampling the receiving antenna again at 12Electric field amplitude and phase data1/3Performing complex Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) operation to obtain the coefficient 1/P corresponding to the sampling apertureiOAMspecrum, modal distribution of orbital angular momentum at 1/31/3As shown in fig. 4. Ordinate | F (jl) in FIG. 4i) I represents the modal amplitude of the corresponding orbital angular momentum mode, | F (jl)i)|maxThe term representing the maximum amplitude in the modal amplitude spectrum of the entire orbital angular momentum mode, | F (jl)i)|/|F(jli)|maxRepresents the orbital angular momentum mode values normalized to the maximum value. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the modal spectrum interval corresponding to orbital angular momentum is Δ liThe component of the orbital angular momentum mode l 3 dominates. It can be seen that, for a vortex wave with a mixed orbital angular momentum mode of l 2+3, the component of the orbital angular momentum mode of l 3 can be easily selected and extracted.
Thirdly, the OAMspectrum is distributed to orbital angular momentum mode with different mode intervals1/2And OAMspectrum1/3And respectively adopting linear frequency modulation Z in a digital signal processing algorithm to transform CZT, selecting and extracting orbital angular momentum mode l being 2 and l being 3, and further realizing receiving demultiplexing of orbital angular momentum vortex beams with continuous-order mixed mode l being 2+ 3.
In summary, the present invention performs variable-scale aperture sampling reception by sampling and receiving the aperture with the sampling antenna number M being 18 and the aperture sampling coefficient 1/P being 1/2, that is, by changing the selected aperture sampling coefficient 1/P i1/3, corresponding electric field sampling data are obtained1/3(ii) a Then through sampling data to the electric field1/3Performing complex Fourier transform (DFT) operation to obtain a modal distribution OAMspectrum with orbital angular momentum l being 3 components1/3. Therefore, compared with the aperture sampling receiving method which can only obtain the interval of the single orbital angular momentum mode, the variable-scale aperture sampling receiving method can realize the selection and extraction of other orbital angular momentum modes contained in the vortex electromagnetic wave beam. In the simulation process, the component of the orbital angular momentum mode l which is 3 is obtained by a variable-scale aperture sampling receiving method, and the orbital angular momentum mode is simultaneously dividedSelective extraction of the quantities l-2 and l-3. Finally, OAMspecrum is distributed to orbital angular momentum mode with different mode intervals1/2And OAMspectrum1/3And respectively adopting linear frequency modulation Z transformation CZT in a digital signal processing algorithm, and selecting and extracting orbital angular momentum mode l to be 2 and l to be 3, namely realizing receiving demultiplexing of the orbital angular momentum vortex beam with continuous-order mixed mode l to be 2+ 3.
The foregoing description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and structure of the invention, but these modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A receiving and demultiplexing method for a multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex wave variable-scale aperture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) setting a sampling receiving plane and a sampling aperture:
1a) setting a sampling receiving plane in a direction vertical to a beam propagation axis, taking a 1/P circular arc aperture with the radius of R as a sampling aperture by taking the beam axis as the center of a circle, and setting M sampling receiving antennas at equal intervals in the 1/P circular arc aperture to sample and receive electric field data of vortex waves, wherein the interval between the sampling antennas is 2 pi/PM;
1b) numbering M sampling receiving antennas uniformly distributed on the 1/P part of circular arc aperture by a natural number of 1-M;
2) acquiring sampling point data in a sampling receiving plane:
2a) taking electric field value data received by M numbered antennas as M sampling point data, and selecting any continuous M from the M sampling dataiSampling point data, obtaining sampling data under sampling apertures of different scales, wherein MiThe following constraint conditions are satisfied,
Mi＝round(((1/Pi)/(1/P))·M)
wherein the round () function represents rounding to an integer, 1/P, of the expression in parenthesesiThe representation corresponds to MiThe sampling aperture coefficient of each sampling receiving antenna is used for representing the size of the sampling aperture of sampling receiving;
2b) respectively selecting different 1/PiAnd M corresponding theretoiSampling point data, thereby constituting a plurality of sets of sampling data;
3) receiving and demultiplexing the multi-modal orbital angular momentum vortex waves:
3a) respectively carrying out Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in a complex form on multiple groups of sampling data acquired in the step 2b) to obtain multiple groups of orbital angular momentum modal distribution with different modal intervals;
3b) selecting and extracting orbital angular momentum mode spectrum distribution with different mode intervals obtained in the step 3a), and realizing receiving demultiplexing of orbital angular momentum mode components of any continuous-order mixed multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex waves.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the 1/P circular arc aperture with radius R is taken from the beam axis as the center of the circle in step 1a), and the area with concentrated electric field energy is selected as the position area of the 1/P circular arc aperture according to the distribution characteristic of the space electric field of the vortex electromagnetic beam, and any radius R in the area is selected as the radius of the 1/P circular arc aperture.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1b), the M sampled receive antennas uniformly distributed over the 1/P circular aperture are numbered by a natural number of 1-M, and wherein the M sampled receive antennas are numbered sequentially in a clockwise or counterclockwise order.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2a) any continuous M is selected from the M sample point dataiThe sampling data is M which is randomly and continuously located in an electric field energy concentration area of the vortex electromagnetic wave beam according to the distribution characteristics of the space electric field of the vortex electromagnetic wave beamiSampling electric field data of the receiving antenna as MiThe sampling point data.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the orbital angular momentum modal distribution with different modal intervals in step 3b) is subjected to the selective extraction of the orbital angular momentum modal components by the following steps:
(5b1) for each group of orbital angular momentum mode spectrum with specific mode interval in 3a), according to sampling aperture coefficient 1/PiAnd corresponding orbital angular momentum modal intervals, respectively determining the modal values of the orbital angular momentum to be selected and extracted;
(5b2) and corresponding the orbital angular momentum modal value to be selected and extracted with the parameters required by the chirp Z transform CZT algorithm in the digital signal processing algorithm, correspondingly setting the parameter values in the chirp Z transform CZT algorithm and other corresponding parameter values, and respectively calculating the modal spectrum with the specific orbital angular momentum modal interval by utilizing the algorithm to obtain the orbital angular momentum modal component to be selected and extracted.
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