CN109113745B - Method for carrying out large-inclination-angle large-section mountain-down construction cutting by using fully-mechanized excavating machine - Google Patents
Method for carrying out large-inclination-angle large-section mountain-down construction cutting by using fully-mechanized excavating machine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
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Abstract
A method for cutting holes in mountain construction with large inclination angle and large section by using a fully-mechanized excavating machine comprises the following steps: 1. designing a cut roadway: constructing a cut tunnel from top to bottom by adopting a blasting and digging mode, wherein the width of the cut tunnel is 4 meters, the height of the cut tunnel is 2.8 meters, and the inclination angle is 30-40 degrees; 2. and (3) arranging cutting roadway equipment: the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is arranged at the upper part of the cutting tunnel, the traction winch and the material conveying winch are both arranged in a main machine chamber of a return air tunnel communicated with the upper part of the cutting tunnel, the traction winch is connected with a movable pulley through a steel wire rope, and the movable pulley is connected with the tail part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine through an anchor chain; 3. cutting coal to full section by the fully-mechanized coal mining machine; 4. and (3) shipment: the broken coal is transported to a third conveyor in the return airway through a first conveyor and a second conveyor, and is transported out through the third conveyor; 5. the anchor rod, the anchor cable and the metal net are arranged; 6. and (3) the mountain-down and eye-cutting construction is completed completely: repeating the third, fourth and fifth steps until the construction cutting is completed. The invention is used for coal mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coal mining technology, in particular to a method for cutting eyes in large-inclination-angle large-section downhill construction by using a fully-mechanized excavating machine.
Background
The existing construction and cutting of the tunneling working face is a mountain-climbing blasting tunneling mode (i.e. tunneling from bottom to top), and as shown in fig. 4, the stress of the mountain-climbing tunneling working face 9 has three aspects:
1. the pressure to be born by the CD of the overhead section is supported after blasting: top component C1 of top coal gravity G1.
2. The working surface 9 is subjected to the following thrust: the head-on component T2 of the gravity G2 of the front coal body.
3. The upper part of the working surface 9 is subjected to pressure: and D, the gravity G of the coal body at the upper part of the point D.
After blasting is carried out in the construction of the general mountain-climbing blasting method, the lag supporting empty-top section CD of the circulation progress is normally supported for about 30 minutes, if the working face 9 is softened by the structural fault coal body, under the stress of the three aspects, the working face 9 inevitably generates advanced pumping to form the blasting mountain-climbing advanced falling zone 20 (the dotted line section area), the lag supporting empty-top section CD and the working face 9 (the DE section) are not existed, the progress is influenced, the empty-top potential safety hazard exists, and the hidden danger treatment cost is increased.
Therefore, the existing construction hole cutting mode is slow in progress, and working face top plates and head-on coal bodies are prone to advanced drainage, so that great potential safety hazards and supporting cost are caused. Along with the improvement of the mechanized mining degree of the existing coal mine, the stoping period of the working face is short and high in speed, and the production connection is required to be compact and uninterrupted, so that the tunneling speed is a key link for restricting the stable production connection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for cutting holes in large-inclination-angle large-section mountain-down construction by using a fully-mechanized coal mining machine, which aims to solve the problems of great potential safety hazard caused by the existing hole cutting mode of tunneling construction from bottom to top, which has slow progress and easy advanced drainage of a working face top plate and a head-on coal body.
The invention discloses a method for cutting eyes in large-inclination-angle large-section mountain-down construction by using a fully-mechanized excavating machine, which is realized by the following steps:
step one, designing a cut roadway: constructing a 15m cut-off roadway from top to bottom in a blasting and digging mode, wherein the width of the cut-off roadway is 4m, the height of the cut-off roadway is 2.8m, the inclination angle of the cut-off roadway is 30-40 degrees, the support mode adopts an anchor net rope for support, and the bottom of the cut-off roadway is a bottom plate;
step two, arranging the eye-cutting roadway equipment: the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is arranged at the upper part of the cutting roadway, the traction winch and the material conveying winch are both arranged in a main machine chamber of a return air roadway communicated with the upper part of the cutting roadway, one end of a steel wire rope is fixed on a roller of the traction winch, the other end of the steel wire rope bypasses a movable pulley and is fixed on a base of the traction winch, one end of an anchor chain is connected with the movable pulley, the other end of the anchor chain is connected with the tail part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine, a shovel plate is arranged below a cutting part at the front end of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine, and the shovel plate, the first conveyor and the second conveyor are sequentially arranged from front to back, and the second conveyor is paved on a bottom plate;
step three, coal cutting to full section by the fully-mechanized coal mining machine: the method comprises the steps that a fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver sends a downward moving instruction, a traction winch is started, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine starts to move, the moving speed of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is 2-5 m/min, a cutting part is started to shrink at the same time, a cutting head is driven to move forwards to a coal wall by means of the telescopic travel of the cutting part, the cutting part is stopped to operate, an interphone sends a signal to inform the winch driver to stop the traction winch, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine stops moving, the cutting part is started again, the cutting part drives the cutting head to cut coal at the bottom of a cut, after the bottom of the cut is finished, the cutting part is retracted, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver sends a signal for starting the traction winch, and the working flow is repeated until the cutting head cuts the coal to a full section;
fourth, shipment: loading the crushed coal cut in the third step onto a first conveyor through a shovel plate rake, conveying the crushed coal onto a third conveyor in a return air lane through a second conveyor, and conveying the crushed coal out through the third conveyor;
step five, hanging a metal net, and punching an anchor rod and an anchor rope to support: after the shipment is finished, a fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver withdraws the fully-mechanized coal mining machine for 5 meters to a supporting intact position, a cutting part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is lifted to an anchor rope joist of which a cutting head is propped against a coal body top plate part, meanwhile, a support at the rear part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is fallen down to a bottom plate, then a working surface is knocked up for top, a temporary support is additionally arranged on the full section excavated in the third step, a metal net is hung, an anchor rod and an anchor rope are arranged, and thus the construction of one-time downhill cutting is completed;
step six, the mountain-down and hole-cutting construction is completed completely: and repeating the third, fourth and fifth steps until the construction and cutting are completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method of the invention is to tunnel from top to bottom and to cut the hole by construction from top to bottom, and only one working surface (9) is stressed (see figure 5): after one cycle progress of full-section coal cutting of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine, the lagging support hollow top section FG only bears the top component C1 of the top coal weight G1; even if the working face 9 is softened by constructing a fault coal body, an arch-shaped broken line between the F point of the anchor net rope support (5) and the vertex J of the working face (9) is used as a fulcrum to form a caving arch (FJ), the corresponding lagging support hollow top section FJ of the caving arch is a machine-excavated mountain advanced caving region (21) (broken line section area), and the range of the machine-excavated mountain advanced caving region (21) formed by tunneling from top to bottom is smaller than that of a blasting-excavated mountain advanced caving region (20) formed by the existing mountain-climbing blasting mode, so that the phenomena of three-aspect stress and large-range advanced caving can not occur when the construction and cutting hole is constructed by the method of the invention. By theoretical analysis of mechanics in two aspects of tunneling and cutting of the upper mountain and the lower mountain (as shown in fig. 4 and 5), the technology of cutting the lower mountain by adopting large-inclination large-section construction of the fully-mechanized excavating machine is known, the problems of slow progress and large-range advanced pumping leakage influence progress of the upper mountain blasting excavation are solved, the purposes of high tunneling speed and small and safe and controllable pumping leakage range are achieved, potential safety hazards are avoided, and the production progress is further improved.
2. The method has the advantages of high mechanization degree, low labor intensity of workers, high construction efficiency, high safety coefficient, manpower resource saving, simple construction process, simple safety management and the like.
3. The method is used for constructing the mountain-down cutting holes, the month-in ruler is 150 m/month, and the cost of the linear meter is 2500 m; in the prior art, the mountain-climbing blasting construction is carried out at most by 70 m/month in a month-old scale, and the cost of the linear meter is 3000 m/m; if the working surface is leaked in the mountain climbing blasting mode, the treatment cost is increased, the month length is about 50 meters/month, and the working period is prolonged to influence the mining connection; therefore, the working efficiency of the construction of cutting holes in the downhill is 2-3 times of that of the construction of blasting digging in the uphill in the prior art, and the problem of continuous mining of the coal mine is greatly relieved while the construction period is shortened. The method has the advantages of less labor consumption, low production cost and remarkable economic benefit.
4. According to the principle of dynamic pulley mechanics, half of the pulling force is reduced (namely, the actual pulling force R of the pulling winch is half of the downward sliding force M of the fully-mechanized excavating machine, namely, R=M/2, see fig. 2 and 6), and the downward sliding force M of the fully-mechanized excavating machine 1 (the sum of the downward component force and the friction force of the gravity G of the fully-mechanized excavating machine is 304KN, see fig. 6) when the fully-mechanized excavating machine 1 is lifted upwards is calculated through theory. R=m/2=304 KN/2=152 KN, the rated traction force f=190kn of the traction winch, F is larger than R, and under the condition that the rated traction force F of the traction winch is unchanged, the traction winch and the starting running part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine are matched for lifting, so that a normal lifting state can be completely achieved, and no overload condition occurs.
5. The hydraulic pipeline suction phenomenon occurs when the oil tank of the fully-mechanized excavator is tilted backwards due to the cutting of the construction of the large inclined angle downhill, and the original oil injection port of the fully-mechanized excavator is sealed, so that the air inlet is changed into an oil injection and air intake dual-purpose function, and the suction phenomenon is effectively solved.
6. Synchronous traction is carried out by the mutual matching of the fully-mechanized excavating machine (1) and the JSDB-19 double-speed multipurpose traction winch (2), and the downward sliding force generated by the dead weight of the fully-mechanized excavating machine (1) causes inflexible upward and downward movement due to the large gradient of the hole-cutting roadway (6), so that the traction winch (2) plays an auxiliary traction role and achieves a good lifting effect. Meanwhile, the tail of the steel wire rope (3) is connected with the tail of the fully-mechanized excavating machine (1) through a group of movable pulleys (36), so that half traction force of the traction winch (2) can be reduced, and the fully-mechanized excavating machine (1) can completely and freely climb up and down in a reciprocating manner under the auxiliary traction of the traction winch (2), so that the purpose of forward construction is achieved.
7. By adopting the large-inclination large-section mountain-descending construction hole cutting technology of the fully-mechanized excavating machine, the defects of low degree of mechanization, high labor intensity of workers, complex construction procedures, slow existing progress, easy advanced drainage of a working face top plate and a head-on coal body and the like, difficult management of initiating explosive devices, high labor cost and the like of the traditional mountain-ascending blasting excavating are avoided.
8. The technology of cutting the hole in the large-inclination-angle large-section downhill construction of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is a first example in the dragon coal company and even nationwide, fills the blank of the large-inclination-angle downhill construction of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine in China, and has great popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the equipment arrangement of a second step in a method for cutting eyes in large-inclination large-section mountain-down construction by using a fully-mechanized coal mining machine;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an H-H view of fig. 1 (in the drawing, reference numerals 28 are wind barrels, 29 are wind pipes, and 30 are water pipes, and the wind barrels 28, the wind pipes 29, and the water pipes 30 are all installed immediately when the cut-hole roadway 6 is constructed, that is, when the cut-hole roadway 6 is constructed, the wind barrels 28, the wind pipes 29, and the water pipes 30 are installed along with extension along with the progress of the cut-hole roadway 6);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the stress on three faces of the existing uphill driving face 9 (in the figure, a mark 37 is a caving object);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the stress on one face of the downhill driving face 9 (the coal layer is marked 18 in the figure);
fig. 6 is a force analysis diagram of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 using the movable sheave 36 for lifting.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and is realized by the following steps:
step one, designing a cut roadway 6: 15m of cutting-hole roadway 6 (which is used for installing the matched construction equipment such as the fully-mechanized excavator 1) is constructed from top to bottom in a blasting and digging mode, the width of the cutting-hole roadway 6 is 4m, the height of the cutting-hole roadway 6 is 2.8m, the inclination angle alpha of the cutting-hole roadway 6 is 30-40 degrees, the anchor net rope support 5 is adopted in a supporting mode, and the bottom of the cutting-hole roadway 6 is a bottom plate 8; the anchor net cable support comprises an anchor rod 5-1, a metal net 5-2 and an anchor cable 5-3;
step two, arranging equipment of a cutting roadway 6: the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is arranged at the upper part of a cutting tunnel 6, a traction winch 2 and a material conveying winch 12 are both arranged in a host chamber 32 of a return air tunnel 10 communicated with the upper part of the cutting tunnel 6, the traction winch 2 is used for dragging the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 to move up and down, one end of a steel wire rope 3 is fixed on a roller of the traction winch 2, the other end of the steel wire rope 3 bypasses a movable pulley 36 and is fixed on a base 2-1 of the traction winch 2 or a bottom plate 8 of the cutting tunnel 6, one end of an anchor chain 27 is connected with the movable pulley 36, the other end of the anchor chain 27 is connected with the tail part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1, a shovel plate 14 is arranged below a cutting part 1-2 at the front end of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1, a shovel plate 14, a first conveyor 7 and a second conveyor 4 are sequentially arranged from front to back, and the second conveyor 4 is paved on the bottom plate 8;
step three, coal is cut to the full section by the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1: the fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver and the winch driver are mutually matched through an interphone, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver sends a downward movement instruction, the traction winch 2 is started, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 starts to walk, the walking speed of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is 2 m/min-5 m/min, the cutting part 1-2 is started to shrink, the cutting part 1-2 is used for driving the cutting head 1-2-1 to move forwards to a coal wall through the telescopic stroke of the cutting part 1-2, the cutting part 1-2 is stopped, the interphone sends a signal to inform the winch driver to stop the traction winch 2, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 stops walking, the cutting part 1-2 is started again, the cutting part 1-2 drives the cutting head 1-2-1 to cut coal at the bottom of a cutting machine, after the end of the bottom cleaning of the cut is finished, the cutting part 1-2 is retracted, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver sends a signal to start the traction winch 2, and the working flow is repeated until the cutting head 1-2-1 cuts coal to a full section; in this step, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 needs to cut and crush the working surface 9 up and down for many times, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver and the winch driver are required to be matched with each other in a mercy manner, the signal transmission is timely, the two must be kept synchronous, and the cutting part 1-2 of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 must be in a contracted state before the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is lifted or lowered, so that the whole gravity center of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is stable.
Fourth, shipment: the crushed coal cut in the third step is raked and loaded onto a first conveyor 7 through a shovel plate 14, and is conveyed onto a third conveyor 17 in a return airway 10 through a second conveyor 4, the crushed coal is conveyed out through the third conveyor 17, and the third conveyor 17 is connected with an external conveying system;
step five, hanging a metal net 5-2, and punching an anchor rod 5-1 and an anchor rope 5-3 to support: after the goods are discharged, a fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver withdraws the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 for 5 meters to a supporting intact position, a cutting part 1-2 of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is lifted to a cutting head 1-2-1 to prop against an anchor rope joist 5-3-1 at the position of a coal body top plate 11, and simultaneously a support 26 at the rear part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is lowered to a bottom plate 8 to prevent the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 from suddenly sliding down due to unexpected loosening of an upper traction winch 2, then a working face 9 is knocked out, temporary supports are additionally arranged on the full section excavated in the third step, a metal net 5-2 is hung, an anchor rod 5-1 and an anchor rope 5-3 are beaten, and thus a cycle process of cutting coal, discharging, the anchor rod 5-1 and the metal net 5-2 is beaten up is completed;
step six, the mountain-down and hole-cutting construction is completed completely: and repeating the third, fourth and fifth steps until the construction and cutting are completed.
The method for knocking the upper refers to a method for knocking a roadway, a working surface top plate and a side wall by using a crow bar, a steel drill or a pick and the like before the underground production operation starts, and finding pumice and stripping according to the sounding. The top of the upper-knocking question is carried out by a person with a certain practical experience; after pumice is found and the layer is peeled, the pumice should be stood in a safe place to pry down. A method for detecting the loosening, breaking and separation of surrounding rock mass features that the exposed and unmanaged rock (or coal) around roadway is knocked by hand pick or steel rod to make sound.
The fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1, the traction winch 2, the second conveyor 4 and the third conveyor 17 are all of the prior art. The first conveyor 7 is a fully-mechanized excavator self-contained device.
The second embodiment is as follows: in the second embodiment, the second conveyor 4 divides the eye-cutting roadway 6 into a lifting material side a and a pedestrian side B, the material transporting sledge 16 is arranged on the lifting material side a, the material transporting sledge 16 is connected with the material transporting winch 12 through the cable 13, the material transporting sledge 16 is used for transporting construction eye-cutting supporting materials, the pedestrian side B is provided with a step 15, and the step 15 is used for facilitating the safety of operators. The other steps are the same as those of the second embodiment.
Application example of the present invention:
the invention relates to a technique for cutting the large-dip-angle large-section down mountain construction of a fully-mechanized excavator, which is used for experiments in two tunneling areas of a coal mine, wherein the annual production of the coal mine is more than 300 ten thousand tons/year by the Heilongjiang coal group Heilonggang branch company: using a fully-mechanized excavator to construct a cut hole from top to bottom through a return airway, wherein the cut hole gradient is-36 degrees,
(one), construction site geological profile:
the working face is positioned at the second horizontal south first area 22-1 layer, the machine channel and the return airway are excavated and conveyed, the geological condition is clear, and the length of a cut hole is 164m; the occurrence of the coal seam in the working surface is stable, the average thickness of the coal seam is 2.8m, the average inclination angle is 36 degrees, and the coal type is QM (gas coal); from the drilling data and the roadway reality, the direct roof 19 of the coal bed is gray siltstone with the diameter of 0.80-0.92 m, and quartz and feldspar are used as main materials; the gray fine sandstone with the old roof of 2.16-9 m is mainly quartz and feldspar and is horizontally layered; the rock base plate 8 is 0.67 m-1.16 m of curdling siltstone. The section has no influence of water.
(II), supporting mode and labor organization mode:
1. the support mode is selected: the two areas 9204 team of the two-level south-first area 22-1 cutting holes are constructed in the two-level coal mine tunneling, the roof 11 and the bottom plate 8 of the coal bed are stable, the supporting mode adopts an anchor net rope supporting mode 5, the width of a lane is 4 meters, the height of the lane is 2.8 meters, 5 anchor rods 5-1 are arranged on the roof, and 1 anchor rod 5-1 is respectively arranged on the two sides, as shown in fig. 3.
2. Labor organization form: the tunneling adopts a three-shift system every day, each shift is eight hours, 7 people are arranged in one shift, and the main working procedures are as follows: the chute and equipment maintenance are extended, 10 persons are arranged in each of the second class and the third class, and the main work is forward construction: cutting coal, discharging, hanging a metal net 5-2 and setting an anchor rod 5-1, wherein the two-shift 3 cycles, the three-shift 2 cycles are required, 5 cycles are total per day, the feeding length is 1.0m per cycle, and the total feeding length is 5m per day.
Thirdly, selecting a winch model and calculating the specification of the steel wire rope:
the model of the traction winch 2 is selected in the construction process: the rated traction F of the JSDB-19 double-speed multipurpose winch is 190KN, and the winding drum size is as follows: 540mm by 560mm; external dimensions: 3845mm×1315mm×1255mm. Motor power: 45KW. The diameter of the steel wire rope 3 is selected to be phi 43mm.
1. Lifting capacity checking:
the downward sliding force M of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 (the traction winch 2 is connected with the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 through the steel wire rope 3 and the movable pulley 36) during actual lifting:
M＝[Wg(sinQ+f1cosQ)+qLg(sinQ+f2cosQ)]/2＝[42000×9.8(sin36°+0.15×cos36°)+6.553×164×9.8(sin36°+0.5×cos36°)]≈304KN
w-wire rope end load 42000kg, g-gravitational acceleration 9.8m/s, Q-maximum inclination 36 °).
f1-the friction coefficient when lifting the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is 0.15,
f2-the drag coefficient of the steel wire rope in operation is 0.5,
q-wire rope unit length mass 6.553kg/m L-cut oblique length=164 m
Wire rope safety factor k=n (wire rope minimum total breaking force)/M.
2, judging:
as shown in fig. 6, M is the downward sliding force of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1, P is the vertical bottom plate pressure of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1, G is the gravity of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1, the downward component force and the friction force of the gravity G are about 304kn, and r is the actual traction force of the traction winch 2; in the case of the use of the travelling block 36, r=m/2=304 KN/2=152 KN, F is the nominal traction of the traction winch 2, since f=190 KN, in the case of the use of the travelling block, r=m/2=304 KN/2=152 KN, so F > R,
k (rope safety factor) = 118500kg (43 mm rope breaking force) ×9.8kg/N/151020 N=7.69 > 6.5
Both the traction winch 2 and the selected steel wire rope 3 meet the calculation requirement (attached comprehensive excavator stress analysis figure 6).
To sum up, as described in fig. 1, 2 and fig. 6, the rated traction force F of the traction winch 2 is 190KN, and the sliding force M of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is 304KN, which means that: the traction force F of the traction winch 2 is greater than the actual traction force R of the traction winch 2 (i.e. F > M/2).
Fourthly, arranging roadway equipment and a specific construction process:
1. roadway equipment arrangement:
the design of the cutting roadway 6 is that the cutting roadway is arranged on a rock base plate 8, the width is 4 meters, the height is 2.8 meters, and the length is determined according to actual geological conditions; the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is arranged at the upper part of a 15m cut-off roadway 6 which is constructed in advance by adopting a blasting method, a traction winch 2 and a material conveying winch 12 are both arranged in a main machine chamber 32 of a return air roadway 10 communicated with the upper part of the cut-off roadway 6, the traction winch 2 is connected with a movable pulley 36 on the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 through a steel wire rope 3, the traction winch 2 drives the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 to move up and down, a 40T scraper conveyor 4 is paved on a rock bottom plate 8 of the cut-off roadway 6 of a dug part, and a coal body top plate 11 of the cut-off roadway 6 is supported by adopting an anchor net rope 5 (an anchor rod 5-1, a metal net 5-2 and an anchor rope 5-3); the lifting material side is provided with a material conveying sledge 16 for conveying construction eye-cutting supporting materials, and the pedestrian side is provided with a stair 15 which is convenient for operators to safely go up and down, and the like. See fig. 1 and 2 for specific layout relationships.
2. The specific construction process comprises the following steps:
the three-eight working system is adopted every day, a 40T scraper conveyor (namely a second conveyor 4) is arranged in a main working mode, and the extension length meets the circulating length of two-working and three-working. And carrying out forward construction on the second class and the third class. Taking the second class construction sequence as an example, the specific construction sequence is as follows:
after the workers arrive at a working face to finish a shift, the supporting in a roadway, the running condition of equipment, whether toxic gases exceed standards or not and the like are checked, and after safety is confirmed, materials required by the forward construction of the worker are conveyed into a nearest shelter 23 from the working face 9.
The fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is used for coal cutting: two persons are reserved at the sub-head of the field when coal cutting is carried out, and a fully-mechanized excavator driver is one person and is responsible for observing and nursing the cable 35 of the fully-mechanized excavator 1. The method comprises the steps of normally starting a fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver, opening spraying, sprinkling and dust removing, starting a traction winch 2 to slowly release a steel wire rope 3 through a winch driver above an interphone connection, simultaneously starting downward traveling of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1, communicating the fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver with the winch driver through the interphone, sending a downward traveling instruction, stopping the traction winch 2 through a signal sent by the interphone when a cutting head 1-2-1 of a cutting part 1-2 on the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is moved forward to a coal wall, simultaneously starting the cutting part 1-2 to cut and sweep the bottom coal by utilizing the self-telescopic travel of the cutting part 1-2, sending a signal for starting the traction winch 2 after the end of the cutting and sweeping, moving the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 forward, enabling the cutting part 1-2 to be in a contracted state, moving the cutting head 1-2-1 to cut the bottom coal wall again by sending a signal, and starting the cutting part 1-2 to cut the cutting head 1-2-1 to the full section again; the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 needs to cut and crush the working surface 9 up and down for many times, a fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver and a winch driver are required to be matched with each other to be silently and timely in signal transmission, the two must be kept synchronous, and the traveling part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 must be started to be matched with the traction winch 2 to lift and put before the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is lifted or put down, so that the traction force F of the traction winch 2 is reduced.
Third step, shipment: the cutting head 1-2-1 of the cutting part 1-2 of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 breaks the cut coal, the cut coal is raked and mounted on the first conveyor 7 through the shovel plate 14, conveyed on the second conveyor 4 and conveyed on the third conveyor 17 of the return air duct 10, conveyed on an external conveying system through the third conveyor 17, after the delivery is finished, a fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver withdraws the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 for 5 meters to a supporting intact position, the cutting part 1-2 of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is lifted, the cutting head 1-2-1 is propped against the anchor rope joist 5-3-1 of the roof 11 of the coal body of the tunnel of the cutting eye 6, and simultaneously, the rear support 26 of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is fallen down to the bottom plate 8 of the tunnel 6 of the cutting eye, so that the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 suddenly slides down due to unexpected loosening of the traction winch 2 above is prevented; then working face 9 carries out working procedures of 'knocking the upper and asking the top', moving and setting up temporary support, hanging metal net 5-2, beating and setting up anchor rod 5-1, etc., so as to finish a cycle of cutting coal, discharging goods, hanging metal net 5-2, beating and setting up anchor rod 5-1, etc., and repeating cycle production working procedures by analogy until the construction and cutting are completed.
The main safety technical measures in the construction are as follows:
1. when the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 cuts coal and delivers goods, all other works are stopped in the cut tunnel 6, so that pedestrians, materials and other works are strictly forbidden, other unrelated persons need to be kept away in the avoidance station 23 (when the cut tunnel is used for tunneling 50 meters, one avoidance station 23 needs to be constructed on the side tunnel side of the pedestrian).
2. When the fully-mechanized coal mining machine 1 is lifted, a special personnel must be arranged at the position of the traction winch 2 to take care of, before each work is constructed, each part of the traction winch 2 and the winch steel wire rope 3 are inspected and maintained, and when the problems that the winch parts are worn, screws are lack, the ground anchors of the winch top are loosened, the connection parts of the steel wire rope 3 are loosened, the wire rope 3 is broken, rust and the like, which affect the operation of the winch, the safe rear accurate construction must be processed and confirmed in time.
3. In the construction process, the second conveyor 4 is arranged in the cut roadway 6, and in order to prevent the second conveyor 4 from sliding downwards due to the construction of going down a hill, 3 sections of conveyor middle grooves 4-1 (each conveyor is formed by connecting a plurality of middle grooves 4-1, and the length of each section of middle groove 4-1 is 1.5 m), ground anchors 4-3 are required to be arranged, and the second conveyor 4 is connected with the second conveyor 4 through iron chains 4-2 to lock the second conveyor 4.
4. In the construction process of the cutting holes 6, a central column 24 is arranged every 2 meters, pedestrians and the lower cargo side are separated by a coal baffle plate and a reinforcing mesh 25, and the height of the coal baffle plate is not less than 1.5 meters. The cut holes are provided with a net type baffle 31 every 20 m.
5. When the working face 9 is constructed, a person is strictly forbidden to walk above a construction point, and the principle of 'work forbidden above a person below and work forbidden below the person above' is ensured.
The test is successful and achieves the expected purpose, so that the method has the advantages of high mechanization degree, low labor intensity of workers, high construction efficiency, high safety coefficient, manpower resource saving, simple construction process, simpler safety organization management and the like.
Claims (2)
1. A method for carrying out mountain-down construction cutting on a large-inclination large-section by using a fully-mechanized excavating machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is realized through the following steps:
step one, designing a cutting roadway (6): constructing a 15m cut-off roadway (6) from top to bottom in a blasting and digging mode, wherein the width of the cut-off roadway (6) is 4m, the height of the cut-off roadway (6) is 2.8m, the inclination angle (alpha) of the cut-off roadway (6) is 30-40 degrees, the support mode adopts an anchor net cable support (5), and the bottom of the cut-off roadway (6) is a bottom plate (8);
step two, arranging equipment of a cutting roadway (6): the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1) is arranged at the upper part of a cutting roadway (6), a traction winch (2) and a material conveying winch (12) are both arranged in a host chamber (32) of a return air roadway (10) communicated with the upper part of the cutting roadway (6), one end of a steel wire rope (3) is fixed on a roller of the traction winch (2), the other end of the steel wire rope (3) bypasses a movable pulley (36) and is then fixed on a base (2-1) of the traction winch (2), one end of an anchor chain (27) is connected with the movable pulley (36), the other end of the anchor chain (27) is connected with the tail part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1), a shovel plate (14) is arranged below a cutting part (1-2) at the front end of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1), a shovel plate (14), a first conveyor (7) and a second conveyor (4) are sequentially arranged below the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1) from front to back, and the second conveyor (4) is paved on a bottom plate (8);
thirdly, cutting coal to a full section by the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1): the method comprises the steps that a fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver sends a downward moving instruction, a traction winch (2) is started, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1) starts to move, the moving speed of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1) is 2-5 m/min, meanwhile, a cutting part (1-2) is started to shrink, the cutting part (1-2) is used for driving the cutting head (1-2-1) to move forward to a coal wall through the telescopic stroke of the cutting part (1-2), the cutting part (1-2) is stopped to operate, a signal is sent by an interphone to inform the winch driver to stop the traction winch (2), meanwhile, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1) stops moving, the cutting part (1-2) is started again, the cutting part (1-2) drives the cutting head (1-2-1) to cut coal at the bottom of a cut, after the end of the bottom-cutting is finished, the cutting part (1-2) is retracted, the fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver sends a signal for starting the traction winch (2), and the working flow is repeated until the cutting head (1-2-1) cuts coal to a full section;
fourth, shipment: the crushed coal cut in the third step is raked and loaded onto a first conveyor (7) through a shovel plate (14), and is conveyed onto a third conveyor (17) in a return air lane (10) through a second conveyor (4), and the crushed coal is conveyed out through the third conveyor (17);
step five, hanging a metal net (5-2) and beating an anchor rod (5-1) and an anchor cable (5-3) to support: after the shipment is finished, a fully-mechanized coal mining machine driver withdraws the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1) 5m to a supporting intact position, a cutting part (1-2) of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine (1) is lifted to a cutting head (1-2-1) to prop up an anchor rope joist (5-3-1) at the position of a coal body top plate (11), meanwhile, a support (26) at the rear part of the fully-mechanized coal mining machine is fallen to a bottom plate (8), then a working face (9) is knocked out, temporary supports are additionally arranged on the full section which is dug in the third step, a metal net (5-2) is hung, an anchor rod (5-1) and an anchor rope (5-3) are beaten, and thus the one-time mountain-down cutting construction is completed;
step six, the mountain-down and hole-cutting construction is completed completely: and repeating the third, fourth and fifth steps until the construction and cutting are completed.
2. The method for cutting holes in large-inclination large-section downhill construction by using a fully-mechanized coal mining machine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the second conveyor (4) divides the eye-cutting roadway (6) into a lifting material side (A) and a pedestrian side (B), the material conveying sledge (16) is arranged on the lifting material side (A), the material conveying sledge (16) is connected with the material conveying winch (12) through a cable (13), and the pedestrian side (B) is provided with a climbing ladder (15).
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| CN114017102A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-08 | 上海大屯能源股份有限公司江苏分公司 | Operation method for moving comprehensive digging machine in large-dip-angle downhill tunnel |
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