CN109100009A - Tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method based on empirical mode decomposition EMD - Google Patents
Tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method based on empirical mode decomposition EMD Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method based on EMD, comprising the following steps: the 1) vibration signal under load ratio bridging switch (OLTC) normal condition, the vibration signal under malfunction are acquired by acceleration transducer；2) vibration signal of acquisition is decomposed using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm, obtains IMF component；3) several IMF components carry out noise reduction process using the method based on EMD threshold deniosing before decomposing to EMD, and then use Savitzky-Golay filter to carry out noise reduction remaining IMF component.Experimental data shows: the present invention can obtain preferable noise reduction effect to tap switch vibration signal noise reduction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to load ratio bridging switch fault diagnosis technology fields, and in particular to one kind is based on empirical mode decomposition
The load ratio bridging switch OLTC vibration signal processing method of EMD.
Background technique
Core component one of of the on-load tap changers of transformers OLTC as transformer plays stablize in the power system
Load center voltage adjusts reactive power flow, increases the important function such as dispatching of power netwoks flexibility.In load ratio bridging switch operating process
In, collision or friction between mechanism components can generate vibration signal, these vibration signals include equipment state abundant
Information.But collection in worksite to vibration signal often contain abnormal data and various noises, will affect the knot of analysis of vibration signal
Fruit.So selecting suitable noise-reduction method extremely important to signals and associated noises noise reduction before to analysis of vibration signal, help to mention
The precision of high RST feature extraction.
In traditional signal processing method, signal de-noising is realized using spectrum analysis technique, i.e., by Fu
Leaf transformation transforms to signal in frequency domain and is analyzed.When noise and signal in frequency domain can timesharing, can be suitable by designing
Filter, frequency band corresponding to noise section is filtered out, to achieve the purpose that noise reduction.However, tap switch vibration signal has
There is non-stationary feature, corresponding spectrum component is extremely complex, so that not using traditional filtering noise-reduction method based on frequency domain
It is able to satisfy requirement.Wavelet transformation due to multiresolution characteristic and be widely used in field of signal processing, be a kind of extremely important
Signal de-noising method, wherein using it is more be the noise-reduction method based on Wavelet Transform Threshold processing.Based on wavelet transformation
Noise-reduction method is widely applied in mechanical fault diagnosis, and still, wavelet transformation is after selected wavelet basis and decomposition scale
Obtained decomposition result is the time domain waveform of a certain fixed frequency section, included in frequency content only and signal analysis frequency
Rate is related, and not related with signal itself, thus from this point on for, wavelet transformation does not have adaptive signal decomposition
Characteristic.
Therefore, a kind of tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method based on empirical mode decomposition EMD noise reduction is used herein.Through
Testing mode decomposition empirical mode decomposition EMD method is a kind of adaptively decomposition method, and decomposes obtained intrinsic mode function
IMF component can preferably reflect that signal in the frequency characteristic of time part, will be answered based on empirical mode decomposition EMD noise-reduction method
For tap switch vibration signal noise reduction process, preferably noise reduction effect can be obtained.
Summary of the invention
To solve deficiency in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of tap based on empirical mode decomposition EMD noise reduction and opens
Vibration signal noise reduction process method is closed, excellent noise reduction effect, algorithm is simple, can have strong operability.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of be based on empirical mode decomposition EMD noise reduction
Tap switch vibration signal noise reduction process method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
A kind of tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method based on empirical mode decomposition EMD, which is characterized in that the noise reduction
Method the following steps are included:
Step 1: the vibration signal under load ratio bridging switch OLTC operating status being acquired by acceleration transducer；
Step 2: being decomposed using vibration signal of the empirical mode decomposition EMD algorithm to acquisition, obtain intrinsic mode letter
Number IMF component；
Step 3: in the intrinsic mode function IMF component decomposed by empirical mode decomposition EMD, to preceding setting number
It measures an intrinsic mode function IMF component and noise reduction process is carried out using the method based on empirical mode decomposition EMD threshold deniosing, and it is right
Savitzky-Golay filter is then used to carry out noise reduction in remaining intrinsic mode function IMF component.
The present invention further comprises following preferred embodiment:
In step 1, the malfunction includes that load ratio bridging switch OLTC contact slap and contact fall off.
The acceleration transducer is mounted on the top of tap switch.
In step 2, the specific steps that tap switch vibration signal is decomposed using empirical modal algorithm are as follows:
2.1 determine tap switch vibration signal x (t) all Local modulus maximas, then use cubic spline line by signal
All Local modulus maximas are connected to form coenvelope line；
All local minizing points of signal are connected to form lower envelope line with cubic spline line again by 2.2, wherein upper and lower packet
The data point of winding thread envelope whole；
2.3 are averaged the value of above-mentioned two envelope respective points, obtain a curve m10, then seek original signal x
(t) and the poor h of this curve10(t) are as follows: h10=x (t)-m10；
2.4 by h10(t) it is used as original signal, step 2.1-2.3 is repeated, obtains h11=x (t)-m11, judge h11(t) it is
It is no to meet intrinsic mode function IMF component condition, if it is satisfied, so h11It (t) is exactly first intrinsic mode function IMF points
Amount remembers imf1=h11, it is transferred to step 2.6, otherwise enters 2.5；Wherein, IMF component condition are as follows:
2.5 h11(t) it is used as initial data, i.e., by h11(t) it is used as tap switch vibration signal x (t), repeats step
2.1-2.4 obtains the average value m of upper and lower envelope12, then judge h12=h11-m12Whether intrinsic mode function IMF item is met
Part is such as unsatisfactory for, then is continued cycling through, until the h of the obtained condition for meeting intrinsic mode function IMF1kUntil, remember imf1=
h1k, then imf1First for tap switch vibration signal x (t) meets the component of intrinsic mode function IMF condition；It is transferred to step
2.6；
2.6 by intrinsic mode function imf1It separates, obtains from x (t)
r1=x (t)-imf1 (2)
By r1Step 2.1-2.5 is repeated as initial data, second for obtaining x (t) meets intrinsic mode function IMF
The component intrinsic mode function imf of condition2Repetitive cycling n times, n for obtaining signal x (t) meet intrinsic mode function IMF item
The component intrinsic mode function imf of parti(i=1,2 ..., n)；Note:
Work as rnWhen cannot therefrom extract the component for meeting intrinsic mode function IMF condition again as a monotonic function, follow
Ring terminates, rnReferred to as survival function, the average tendency of representation switch vibration signal.
In step 2.4, the ε value is 0.1-0.0001, and preferably value is 0.1.
In step 3, the particular content based on empirical mode decomposition EMD noise-reduction method are as follows: by noise-containing point
Connecing switch vibration signal and decomposing is a series of intrinsic mode function IMF components, then to preceding setting quantity intrinsic mode function
IMF component determines a threshold value, using the threshold value to intrinsic mode function IMF component noise reduction, utilizes the intrinsic mode after noise reduction
Function IMF component carries out signal reconstruction, the signal after obtaining noise reduction again.
In step 3, the preceding quantity that sets is 2-4.In the present invention, the setting quantity is preferably 2.
In step 3, if the IMF component after noise reduction is denoted as IM:
Wherein, sign is the sign function that matlab is carried, and T is the threshold value of IMF component, is denoted as:
M is the absolute intermediate value (first taking absolute value to signal, then seek intermediate value again) of IMF component, and N is the length of IMF component.
It is described that noise reduction particular content is carried out to intrinsic mode function IMF component using Savitzky-Golay filter are as follows:
Noise reduction is carried out to intrinsic mode function IMF component using the sgolayfilt function that matlab2016 is carried.The present invention is reached
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention has preferable adaptivity, can preferably reflect tap compared to traditional wavelet noise reduction
Vibration signal is switched in the frequency characteristic of time part；
2, empirical mode decomposition EMD threshold deniosing is used to the intrinsic mode function IMF component of high frequency, and for low frequency
Intrinsic mode function IMF component carries out noise reduction, different intrinsic mode function IMF components using Savitzky-Golay filter
It using different noise-reduction methods, can preferably retain the characteristic of low frequency intrinsic mode function IMF component, and be able to maintain high frequency sheet
Levy the high frequency characteristics of mode function IMF component；
3, through analysis of experimental data it is found that the present invention can low frequency part to signal and high frequency section can obtain preferably
Ground noise reduction effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the flow diagrams of the tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method of empirical mode decomposition EMD；
Tap switch original vibration signal under Fig. 2 kind state；
Fig. 3 is the intrinsic mode function IMF component under three state；
Fig. 4 is the vibration signal before and after the noise reduction under three state.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 for the present invention is based on the processes of the decomposition switch vibration signal noise-reduction method of empirical mode decomposition EMD
Figure.Row empirical mode decomposition EMD advanced to collected tap switch vibration signal first, obtains IMF component；Then right again
The first two IMF component carries out threshold deniosing, and remaining IMF component then uses Savitzky-Golay filter to carry out noise reduction.This
It is primarily due to, research finds that Savitzky-Golay filter can make signal polish, and low frequency IMF component is relatively
It is smooth, it can preferably retain the characteristic of low frequency IMF component in this way；And based on the noise-reduction method of threshold value to high-frequency I MF component
Noise reduction effect is preferable, and in comparison it can be better maintained the high-frequency characteristic of IMF component.Finally, to the IMF component after noise reduction
It is reconstructed, the tap switch vibration signal after noise reduction can be obtained.
The following steps are included:
Step 1: by acceleration transducer to the vibration signal under load ratio bridging switch OLTC normal condition, malfunction
Under vibration signal be acquired；
Acceleration transducer is adsorbed on the mounting means on the surface of load ratio bridging switch OLTC test point using permanent magnet, this
Kind mounting means is simple and easy, is suitble to the occasion of frequently replacement test point.Propagation medium and propagation in view of vibration signal
Vibrating sensor is mounted on the top of tap switch by the damping of process, the present invention, the vibration signal high frequency that this position is picked up
Decay fewer, signal is more complete.
Malfunction refers to that load ratio bridging switch OLTC contact slap and contact fall off two kinds of situations.
Step 2: being decomposed, obtained, intrinsic mode letter using vibration signal of the empirical mode decomposition EMD algorithm to acquisition
Number IMF component；
Tap switch vibration signal is decomposed using empirical mode decomposition EMD method, the specific steps are as follows:
1. determining all Local modulus maximas of tap switch vibration signal x (t), then use cubic spline line by signal institute
Some Local modulus maximas are connected to form coenvelope line；
2. all local minizing points of signal are connected to form lower envelope line with cubic spline line again, wherein upper and lower packet
The data point of winding thread envelope whole；
3. the value of above-mentioned two envelope respective points is averaged, a curve m is obtained10, then seek original signal x
(t) and the poor h of this curve10(t) are as follows: h10=x (t)-m10。
4. by h10(t) be used as original signal, repeat step 1. -3., obtain h11=x (t)-m11, judge h11(t) whether full
Sufficient intrinsic mode function IMF component condition, if it is satisfied, so h11It (t) is exactly first intrinsic mode function IMF component, note
imf1=h11It is transferred to step 6., otherwise enters 5..Wherein, IMF component condition are as follows:The ε value is
0.1-0.0001, in embodiments of the present invention, preferably value is 0.1.
5. h11(t) be used as initial data, repeat step 1. -4., obtain the average value m of upper and lower envelope12, then judge
h12=h11-m12Whether meet intrinsic mode function IMF condition, be such as unsatisfactory for, then continue cycling through, until meeting of obtaining is intrinsic
The h of the condition of mode function IMF1kUntil, remember imf1=h1k, then imf1For first satisfaction of tap switch vibration signal x (t)
The component of intrinsic mode function IMF condition；It is transferred to step 6.；
6. by intrinsic mode function imf1It separates, obtains from x (t)
r1=x (t)-imf1 (2)
By r1As initial data repeat step 1.~5., second for obtaining x (t) meets intrinsic mode function IMF item
The component intrinsic mode function imf of part2Repetitive cycling n times, n for obtaining signal x (t) meet intrinsic mode function IMF condition
Component intrinsic mode function imfi(i=1,2 ..., n).Note:
Work as rnWhen cannot therefrom extract the component for meeting intrinsic mode function IMF condition again as a monotonic function, follow
Ring terminates, rnReferred to as survival function, the average tendency of representation signal.
Empirical mode decomposition EMD method first separates the highest intrinsic mode function IMF of signal intermediate frequency rate, then
The intrinsic mode function IMF gradually decreased with this cross frequence is finally separating the smallest intrinsic mode function IMF of frequency.
Step 3: empirical mode decomposition EMD is decomposed first 2, intrinsic mode function IMF component uses based on warp
The method for testing mode decomposition EMD threshold deniosing carries out noise reduction process, and for remaining, intrinsic mode function IMF component then adopts
Noise reduction is carried out with Savitzky-Golay filter.
Particular content based on empirical mode decomposition EMD noise-reduction method in step 3) are as follows: open noise-containing tap
Closing vibration signal and decomposing is a series of intrinsic mode function IMF components, first carries out threshold deniosing to preceding 2 IMF components, specifically
Are as follows: a threshold value is determined to preceding 2 high frequencies intrinsic mode function IMF component, using the threshold value to intrinsic mode function IMF component
Noise reduction.
Wherein, the IMF component after noise reduction is denoted as IM:
Wherein, sign is the sign function that matlab is carried, and T is the threshold value of IMF component, is denoted as:
M is the absolute intermediate value (first taking absolute value to signal, then seek intermediate value again) of IMF component, and N is the length of IMF component.
Noise reduction, the filter pair are carried out to remaining intrinsic mode function IMF component using Savitzky-Golay filter
The data of each point, are fitted using polynomial of one indeterminate in one field of each data point, this polynomial coefficient can be according to minimum
Square law criterion determines error of fitting minimum, it follows that the best-fit values of central point, as noise reduction in sliding window
Value that treated.Specific steps are as follows: the sgolayfilt function carried using matlab2016 is to remaining intrinsic mode function
IMF component carries out noise reduction.
Embodiment:
To CMIII-500-63B-10193W type tap switch simulated experiment.This tap switch is three-phase Y connection, maximum
Tap position number is 19.Vibrating sensor is passed using the LC0151 type piezoelectric type acceleration of high resolution and strong antijamming capability
Sensor.The present invention is mounted on vibrating sensor on the top of tap switch, the vibration signal high frequency attenuation ratio that this position is picked up
Less, signal is more complete.By acceleration transducer to vibration signal, malfunction (the OLTC contact under OLTC normal condition
Loosen and contact fall off) under vibration signal be acquired.
As shown in Figure 1 for the present invention is based on the processes of the decomposition switch vibration signal noise-reduction method of empirical mode decomposition EMD
Figure.Row empirical mode decomposition EMD advanced to collected tap switch vibration signal first, obtains IMF component；Then right again
The first two IMF component carries out threshold deniosing, and remaining IMF component then uses Savitzky-Golay filter to carry out noise reduction.This
It is primarily due to, research finds that Savitzky-Golay filter can make signal polish, and low frequency IMF component is relatively
It is smooth, it can preferably retain the characteristic of low frequency IMF component in this way；And based on the noise-reduction method of threshold value to high-frequency I MF component
Noise reduction effect is preferable, and in comparison it can be better maintained the high-frequency characteristic of IMF component.Finally, to the IMF component after noise reduction
It is reconstructed, the tap switch vibration signal after noise reduction can be obtained.
Fig. 2 is collected tap switch original vibration signal, is followed successively by normal signal from top to bottom, contact slap and
Contact falls off, and has many burr parts in original signal as can be seen from Fig., these burrs be exactly as caused by noise, therefore,
Before analyzing tap switch vibration signal, need to filter out these noises, to be easier to extract signal characteristic.
Empirical mode decomposition EMD decomposition is carried out to collected vibration signal, obtains intrinsic mode function IMF component.
If Fig. 3 is preceding 7 sheets that vibration signal obtains after empirical mode decomposition EMD decomposition under tap switch three state
Levy mode function IMF component.As seen from the figure, empirical mode decomposition always first high fdrequency component decomposites come, then again
Low frequency component, which decomposites, to be come.
Therefore, the present invention uses preceding 2 high fdrequency components of intrinsic mode function IMF component and is based on empirical mode decomposition
The noise-reduction method of EMD threshold value, then remaining low frequency intrinsic mode function IMF component is carried using matlab2016
Sgolayfilt function carries out noise reduction process, the intrinsic mode function IMF component after noise reduction is reconstructed, after obtaining noise reduction
Tap switch vibration signal.
Fig. 4 be tap switch three state under noise reduction before and after vibration signal, from top to bottom respectively original signal and
De-noising signal.As shown in Figure 4, after empirical mode decomposition EMD noise reduction, the vibration signal burr part for decomposing switch obviously subtracts
It is few, therefore the present invention can obtain preferably noise reduction effect.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, this field is common
Other modifications or equivalent replacement that technical staff makes technical solution of the present invention, without departing from technical solution of the present invention
Spirit and scope, be intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method based on empirical mode decomposition EMD, which is characterized in that the noise reduction side
Method the following steps are included:
Step 1: the vibration signal under load ratio bridging switch OLTC operating status being acquired by acceleration transducer；
Step 2: being decomposed using vibration signal of the empirical mode decomposition EMD algorithm to acquisition, obtain intrinsic mode function IMF
Component；
Step 3: in the intrinsic mode function IMF component decomposed by empirical mode decomposition EMD, to preceding setting quantity
Intrinsic mode function IMF component carries out noise reduction process using the method based on empirical mode decomposition EMD threshold deniosing, and for it
Remaining intrinsic mode function IMF component then uses Savitzky-Golay filter to carry out noise reduction.
2. tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In step 1, the malfunction includes that load ratio bridging switch OLTC contact slap and contact fall off.
3. tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The acceleration transducer is mounted on the top of tap switch.
4. tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In step 2, the specific steps that tap switch vibration signal is decomposed using empirical modal algorithm are as follows:
2.1 determine tap switch vibration signal x (t) all Local modulus maximas, then own signal with cubic spline line
Local modulus maxima be connected to form coenvelope line；
All local minizing points of signal are connected to form lower envelope line with cubic spline line again by 2.2, wherein upper and lower envelope
The data point of envelope whole；
2.3 are averaged the value of above-mentioned two envelope respective points, obtain a curve m10, then ask original signal x (t) and
The poor h of this curve10(t) are as follows: h10=x (t)-m10；
2.4 by h10(t) it is used as original signal, step 2.1-2.3 is repeated, obtains h11=x (t)-m11, judge h11(t) whether meet
Intrinsic mode function IMF component condition, if it is satisfied, so h11It (t) is exactly first intrinsic mode function IMF component, note
imf1=h11, it is transferred to step 2.6, otherwise enters 2.5；Wherein, IMF component condition are as follows:
2.5 h11(t) it is used as initial data, i.e., by h11(t) it is used as tap switch vibration signal x (t), repeats step 2.1-2.4,
Obtain the average value m of upper and lower envelope12, then judge h12=h11-m12Whether intrinsic mode function IMF condition is met, it is such as discontented
Foot, then continue cycling through, until the h of the obtained condition for meeting intrinsic mode function IMF1kUntil, remember imf1=h1k, then imf1For
First of tap switch vibration signal x (t) meets the component of intrinsic mode function IMF condition；It is transferred to step 2.6；
2.6 by intrinsic mode function imf1It separates, obtains from x (t)
r1=x (t)-imf1 (2)
By r1Step 2.1-2.5 is repeated as initial data, second for obtaining x (t) meets intrinsic mode function IMF condition
Component intrinsic mode function imf2Repetitive cycling n times, n for obtaining signal x (t) meet dividing for intrinsic mode function IMF condition
Measure intrinsic mode function imfi(i=1,2 ..., n)；Note:
Work as rnWhen cannot therefrom extract the component for meeting intrinsic mode function IMF condition again as a monotonic function, circulation knot
Beam, rnReferred to as survival function, the average tendency of representation switch vibration signal.
5. tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that:
In step 2.4, the ε value is 0.1-0.0001, and preferably value is 0.1.
6. tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that:
In step 3, the particular content based on empirical mode decomposition EMD noise-reduction method are as follows: open noise-containing tap
Closing vibration signal and decomposing is a series of intrinsic mode function IMF components, then to preceding setting quantity intrinsic mode function IMF points
It measures and determines that a threshold value utilizes the intrinsic mode function after noise reduction using the threshold value to intrinsic mode function IMF component noise reduction
IMF component carries out signal reconstruction, the signal after obtaining noise reduction again.
7. tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that:
In step 3, the preceding quantity that sets is 2-4.
8. tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that:
The setting quantity is selected as 2.
9. tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that:
In step 3, if the IMF component after noise reduction is denoted as IM:
Wherein, sign is the sign function that matlab is carried, and T is the threshold value of IMF component, is denoted as:
M is the absolute intermediate value (first taking absolute value to signal, then seek intermediate value again) of IMF component, and N is the length of IMF component.
10. according to claim 1, tap switch vibration signal noise-reduction method described in 6-9 any claim, it is characterized in that:
It is described that noise reduction particular content is carried out to intrinsic mode function IMF component using Savitzky-Golay filter are as follows: to use
Matlab2016 included sgolayfilt function carries out noise reduction to intrinsic mode function IMF component.
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| CN109813417A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-05-28 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司检修分公司 | A kind of shunt reactor method for diagnosing faults based on improvement EMD |
| CN109827656A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-31 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司南京供电分公司 | Load ratio bridging switch signal de-noising method based on STFT time-frequency spectrum coefficients model |
| CN109799535A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-24 | 中船海洋探测技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of filtering method of full tensor magnetic gradient detection and localization data |
| CN109799535B (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-10-30 | 中船海洋探测技术研究院有限公司 | Filtering method for full-tensor magnetic gradient positioning detection data |
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