CN109099310B - Liquid level detection system and method for LNG storage tank prizing inner storage tank - Google Patents

Liquid level detection system and method for LNG storage tank prizing inner storage tank Download PDF

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CN109099310B
CN109099310B CN201810936216.7A CN201810936216A CN109099310B CN 109099310 B CN109099310 B CN 109099310B CN 201810936216 A CN201810936216 A CN 201810936216A CN 109099310 B CN109099310 B CN 109099310B
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storage tank
pressure
liquid level
lng storage
value
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CN109099310A (en
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苏循志
夏威
邵有福
刘玉存
董涛涛
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Hubei Sanjiang Space Jiangbei Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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Hubei Sanjiang Space Jiangbei Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/021—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the height as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid level detection system of a storage tank in an LNG storage tank prying device, which comprises a pressure transmitter, a programmable logic controller and a remote gateway, wherein the air pressure detection end of the pressure transmitter is arranged at an air pressure detection port of the LNG storage tank, the pressure signal output end of the pressure transmitter is connected with the signal input end of the programmable logic controller, and the real-time liquid level value output end of the LNG storage tank of the programmable logic controller is connected with the Internet through the remote gateway; the invention can realize the remote real-time monitoring of the liquid level in the storage tank prized by the LNG storage tank managed by the gas supply unit, thereby realizing the advanced scheduling and the timely liquid supplement.

Description

Liquid level detection system and method for LNG storage tank prizing inner storage tank
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of LNG (liquefied natural gas) storage tank liquid level monitoring, in particular to a system and a method for detecting the liquid level of a storage tank in an LNG storage tank prying machine.
Background
With the improvement of national environmental protection requirements, the policy of coal gas change is popularized nationwide, and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is widely applied to various fields such as transportation, power generation, chemical industry, household use, industry and the like at present as a high-quality, efficient and economic clean energy. An LNG vaporizer is an intermediate conditioning location where towns or gas enterprises transfer LNG from a manufacturer to a customer. The LNG gasification station is mainly composed of one or more gasification pry devices, has been gradually built in a plurality of economically developed and energy-scarce middle and small cities in the south east China coastal region by virtue of the advantages of short construction period and capability of rapidly meeting the gas utilization market demand, becomes a permanent gas supply facility or a transitional gas supply facility before arrival of pipe-conveyed natural gas, and is also developed and built in a well-spraying manner.
LNG gasification sled equipment divides slot car sled, storage tank sled and bottle group sled according to the type. The storage tank pry has the advantages of stable liquid storage, convenient liquid filling, low maintenance cost and the like, and is the highest application ratio in the vaporization pry equipment.
The liquid level of the storage tank in the LNG storage tank prying directly influences the operation condition of the equipment as an important physical quantity in the operation process of the equipment, and the liquid level of the LNG storage tank needs to be filled in time before reaching the lowest liquid level, so that the requirement of normal gas supply is met. Most of storage tanks are distributed in a scattered point mode without being communicated with each other, the on-site maintenance cost is high, LNG liquid supplementing and liquid changing are not timely, and the efficiency is low.
According to the traditional detection method for the liquid level of the storage tank in the LNG storage tank prying, a management unit such as a gas company sends a specially-assigned person to the use place of each storage tank prying device for daily inspection, the pressure value of a pressure gauge for monitoring the pressure in the storage tank is copied back, and the residual amount of the LNG liquid in the storage tank is estimated according to the pressure value. The method has high labor cost and data lag, and cannot meet the requirements of management and scheduling. The existing LNG storage tank prying is lack of effective supervision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for detecting the liquid level of an inner storage tank of an LNG storage tank pry.
The invention discloses a liquid level detection system of a storage tank in an LNG storage tank prying device, which comprises a pressure transmitter, a programmable logic controller and a remote gateway, wherein the air pressure detection end of the pressure transmitter is arranged at an air pressure detection port of the LNG storage tank, the pressure intensity signal output end of the pressure transmitter is connected with the signal input end of the programmable logic controller, and the real-time liquid level value output end of the LNG storage tank of the programmable logic controller is connected with the Internet through the remote gateway;
the programmable logic controller is prestored with a scatter plot between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank and the liquid level of the storage tank, and calculates the slope K between two adjacent scatter plots in the scatter plotn；
The programmable logic controller is used for determining a corresponding pressure interval of the storage tank real-time gas pressure data output by the pressure transmitter in the scatter plot;
the programmable logic controller is also used for controlling the storage tankCalculating the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data as follows to obtain the real-time liquid level value V of the LNG storage tankn：
Vn＝(p-pmin)*Ki+ai
Wherein p represents a real-time pressure value of the LNG storage tank, pminRepresenting a lower limit pressure value, K, of the interval within the corresponding pressure intervaliA slope representing the corresponding pressure interval, aiAnd the lower limit value of the liquid level of the storage tank corresponding to the pressure interval in the scatter plot is shown.
A storage tank liquid level detection method based on the storage tank liquid level detection system in the LNG storage tank prying comprises the following steps:
step 1: prestoring a scatter plot between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank and the liquid level of the storage tank in a programmable logic controller, and calculating the slope K between two adjacent scatter points in the scatter plotn；
Step 2: the pressure transmitter transmits the acquired real-time gas pressure data of the storage tank to the programmable logic controller, and the programmable logic controller determines the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data of the storage tank output by the pressure transmitter in the scatter plot;
and step 3: the programmable logic controller calculates the real-time liquid level value V of the LNG storage tank according to the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data of the storage tank as followsn：
Vn＝(p-pmin)*Ki+ai
Wherein p represents a real-time pressure value of the LNG storage tank, pminRepresenting a lower limit pressure value, K, of the interval within the corresponding pressure intervaliA slope representing the corresponding pressure interval, aiThe lower limit value of the liquid level of the storage tank corresponding to the pressure interval in the scatter plot is shown;
and 4, step 4: and the programmable logic controller accesses the real-time liquid level value of the LNG storage tank to the Internet through a remote gateway.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can monitor the gas pressure value in the storage tank in real time, automatically convert the gas pressure value into the liquid level in the storage tank in the programmed logic controller, and release the liquid level data through the remote gateway, thereby realizing the remote access of a management unit. The mode of original manual meter reading is replaced, the management efficiency of a management unit is greatly improved, the operation cost is reduced, remote management of the whole life cycle of the storage tank prying is realized through one-time investment, and the method has important significance in the aspects of realizing centralized control of equipment, dispatching in advance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a plot of the divergence between the LNG tank gas pressure and the tank liquid level of the present invention.
The system comprises an LNG storage tank 1, a pressure transmitter 2, a programmable logic controller 3 and a remote gateway 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
the system for detecting the liquid level of the storage tank in the LNG storage tank prying device shown in the figure 1 comprises a pressure transmitter 2, a programmable logic controller 3 and a remote gateway 4, wherein the air pressure detection end of the pressure transmitter 2 is arranged at an air pressure detection port of the LNG storage tank 1, the pressure intensity signal output end of the pressure transmitter 2 is connected with the signal input end of the programmable logic controller 3, and the LNG storage tank real-time liquid level value output end of the programmable logic controller 3 is connected with the internet through the remote gateway 4;
the plc 3 prestores a dispersion point curve graph between the gas pressure of the LNG tank 1 and the tank liquid level, as shown in fig. 3, and calculates a slope K between two adjacent dispersion points in the dispersion point curve graphn；
The programmable logic controller 3 is used for determining the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data of the storage tank 1 output by the pressure transmitter 2 in the scatter plot;
the programmable logic controller 3 is further configured to perform the following calculation according to the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data of the storage tank 1Obtaining a real-time liquid level value V of the LNG storage tank 1n：
Vn＝(p-pmin)*Ki+ai
Wherein p represents a real-time pressure value of the LNG storage tank 1, pminRepresenting a lower limit pressure value, K, of the interval within the corresponding pressure intervaliA slope representing the corresponding pressure interval, aiAnd the lower limit value of the liquid level of the storage tank corresponding to the pressure interval in the scatter plot is shown. The liquid level and the pressure in the storage tank in a macroscopic manner meet the linear relation, the scattered point line graph obtained through surveying and mapping is connected to form a continuous line graph, the liquid level change trend in the storage tank can be continuously reflected, and the value in the interval can be estimated by utilizing the actual measured values of the upper limit and the lower limit of the interval, so that the accuracy can be ensured.
In the technical scheme, the LNG storage tank real-time liquid level value calculated by the programmable logic controller 3 is transmitted to the remote gateway through an RS485 interface and a Modbus RTU communication protocol.
In the technical scheme, the remote gateway 4 is internally provided with an SIM communication card, the LNG storage tank real-time liquid level value is transmitted to the cloud data center through a mobile operator network, and a manager accesses real-time data through a mobile phone or a computer terminal.
In the technical scheme, the programmable logic controller 3 selects Siemens s7-200 SMART series CPU SR40, and the remote gateway 4 selects GM10-DTU gateway of Hebei Bluebee technology.
A storage tank liquid level detection method of the storage tank liquid level detection system in the LNG storage tank prying device is shown in figure 2 and comprises the following steps:
step 1: prestoring a scatter plot between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank 1 and the liquid level of the storage tank in the programmable logic controller 3, and calculating the slope K between two adjacent scatter plots in the scatter plotn；
Step 2: the pressure transmitter 2 transmits the acquired real-time gas pressure data of the storage tank 1 to the programmable logic controller 3, and the programmable logic controller 3 determines the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data of the storage tank 1 output by the pressure transmitter 2 in the scatter plot;
and step 3: programmable logic deviceThe logic controller 3 calculates the real-time liquid level value V of the LNG storage tank 1 according to the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data of the storage tank 1 as followsn：
Vn＝(p-pmin)*Ki+ai
Wherein p represents a real-time pressure value of the LNG storage tank 1, pminRepresenting a lower limit pressure value, K, of the interval within the corresponding pressure intervaliA slope representing the corresponding pressure interval, aiThe lower limit value of the liquid level of the storage tank corresponding to the pressure interval in the scatter plot is shown;
and 4, step 4: the programmable logic controller 3 accesses the real-time liquid level value of the LNG storage tank to the Internet through the remote gateway 4.
In the above technical solution, the method for determining the dispersion point curve between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank 1 and the liquid level of the storage tank is as follows: and testing the corresponding relation between the gas pressure value and the liquid level in the storage tank 1, and determining the liquid level value corresponding to each specified pressure value, thereby obtaining a scatter plot between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank 1 and the liquid level of the storage tank.
In the above technical solution, the pressure difference between two adjacent specified pressure values is 0.5 KPa. The full-pressure in the general storage tank is 20KPa, the liquid level in the storage tank is divided into 40 equal parts, namely each interval is 0.5KPa, the engineering monitoring application can be met, the PLC calculation amount is moderate, and the program capacity requirement can also be met.
In the above technical solution, a slope K between two adjacent scatter points in the scatter point graphnThe calculation method comprises the following steps: firstly, using the formula n ═ pn+1-pnCalculating the corresponding segment length between two adjacent scattered points in the scattered point curve graph, and then utilizing a formula: a isn+1-an/n＝knRespectively calculate the slope K of each segmentnWherein p isnRepresenting the corresponding storage tank gas pressure value p of the scattering point with smaller storage tank gas pressure value in two adjacent scattering pointsn+1Representing the storage tank gas pressure value corresponding to the scattering point with larger storage tank gas pressure value in two adjacent scattering points, n representing the corresponding segment length between the two adjacent scattering points, anRepresenting the value p of the gas pressure in the tanknIn scattered point curve diagramOf the corresponding tank level value, an+1Representing the value p of the gas pressure in the tankn+1And (4) the corresponding storage tank liquid level value in the scatter plot.
The calculation formula of the method is realized by internal programming of the programmable logic controller 3, wherein the related variables are stored by adopting V-region double-word variables, and a power failure data retention function is set, so that the data can be continuously memorized after power failure.
Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a storage tank liquid level detection system in LNG storage tank sled, it includes pressure transmitter (2), programmable logic controller (3) and remote gateway (4), wherein, the atmospheric pressure sense terminal setting of pressure transmitter (2) is at the atmospheric pressure detection mouth of LNG storage tank (1), the signal input part of programmable logic controller (3) is connected to the pressure signal output part of pressure transmitter (2), the real-time liquid level value output of LNG storage tank of programmable logic controller (3) passes through remote gateway (4) and inserts the internet, its characterized in that:
the programmable logic controller (3) is prestored with a scatter plot between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank (1) and the liquid level of the storage tank, and calculates the slope K between two adjacent scatter plots in the scatter plotn；
The programmable logic controller (3) is used for determining the corresponding pressure interval of the LNG storage tank (1) real-time gas pressure data output by the pressure transmitter (2) in the scatter plot;
the programmable logic controller (3) is also used for calculating the real-time liquid level value V of the LNG storage tank (1) according to the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data of the LNG storage tank (1) as followsn：
Vn＝(p-pmin)*Ki+ai
Wherein p represents a real-time pressure value of the LNG tank (1), pminRepresenting a lower limit pressure value, K, of the interval within the corresponding pressure intervaliA slope representing the corresponding pressure interval, aiThe pressure interval in the dispersion point curve chart is shown to correspond to the liquid level of the storage tankAnd (4) limiting values.
2. The LNG storage tank prying inner storage tank level detection system of claim 1, wherein: and the LNG storage tank real-time liquid level value calculated by the programmable logic controller (3) is transmitted to a remote gateway through an RS485 interface and a Modbus RTU communication protocol.
3. The LNG storage tank prying inner storage tank level detection system of claim 2, wherein: the remote gateway (4) is internally provided with an SIM communication card and transmits the real-time liquid level value of the LNG storage tank to the cloud data center through a mobile operator network.
4. A storage tank liquid level detection method based on the storage tank liquid level detection system in the LNG storage tank prying machine of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1: prestoring a scatter plot between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank (1) and the liquid level of the storage tank in a programmable logic controller (3), and calculating the slope K between two adjacent scatter plots in the scatter plotn；
Step 2: the pressure transmitter (2) transmits the acquired real-time gas pressure data of the LNG storage tank (1) to the programmable logic controller (3), and the programmable logic controller (3) determines a corresponding pressure interval of the LNG storage tank (1) real-time gas pressure data output by the pressure transmitter (2) in the scatter plot;
and step 3: the programmable logic controller (3) calculates the real-time liquid level value V of the LNG storage tank (1) according to the corresponding pressure interval of the real-time gas pressure data of the LNG storage tank (1) as followsn：
Vn＝(p-pmin)*Ki+ai
Wherein p represents a real-time pressure value of the LNG tank (1), pminRepresenting a lower limit pressure value, K, of the interval within the corresponding pressure intervaliA slope representing the corresponding pressure interval, aiThe lower limit value of the liquid level of the storage tank corresponding to the pressure interval in the scatter plot is shown;
and 4, step 4: and the programmable logic controller (3) accesses the real-time liquid level value of the LNG storage tank to the Internet through a remote gateway (4).
5. The tank level detection method of claim 4, wherein: the method for determining the dispersion point curve chart between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank (1) and the liquid level of the storage tank comprises the following steps: and (3) testing the corresponding relation between the gas pressure value and the liquid level in the LNG storage tank (1), and determining the liquid level value corresponding to each specified pressure value so as to obtain a scatter plot between the gas pressure of the LNG storage tank (1) and the liquid level of the storage tank.
6. The tank level detection method of claim 5, wherein: the pressure difference between two adjacent specified pressure values is 0.5 KPa.
7. The tank level detection method of claim 4, wherein: the slope K between two adjacent scattered points in the scattered point curve chartnThe calculation method comprises the following steps: firstly, using the formula n ═ pn+1-pnCalculating the corresponding segment length between two adjacent scattered points in the scattered point curve graph, and then utilizing a formula: a isn+1-an/n＝knRespectively calculate the slope K of each segmentnWherein p isnRepresenting the corresponding storage tank gas pressure value p of the scattering point with smaller storage tank gas pressure value in two adjacent scattering pointsn+1Representing the storage tank gas pressure value corresponding to the scattering point with larger storage tank gas pressure value in two adjacent scattering points, n representing the corresponding segment length between the two adjacent scattering points, anRepresenting the value p of the gas pressure in the tanknCorresponding tank level value, a, in a scatter plotn+1Representing the value p of the gas pressure in the tankn+1And (4) the corresponding storage tank liquid level value in the scatter plot.
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CN105299462A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-02-03 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 High-precision liquid nitrogen liquid-level measurement system

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