CN109097679B - Marine low-magnetic steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Marine low-magnetic steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
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Abstract
The invention discloses a marine low-magnetic steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the marine low-magnetic steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 1.22 to 1.53 percent of C, 0.17 to 0.28 percent of Si, 8.9 to 9.8 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of S, 0.11 to 0.34 percent of Ni, 0.01 to 0.18 percent of Co, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; when in preparation, firstly, the mass percentages of all chemical components are adjusted in a hot metal ladle, then molten iron desulphurization, converter dephosphorization and alloying, refining desulphurization, Ar smelting outside a furnace, RH vacuum treatment, rolling, watering and fast cooling are carried out; the invention has simple chemical components and production process and low magnetic conductivity, can effectively carry out magnetic shielding, and is suitable for manufacturing marine electromagnetic shielding structural parts and building green healthy ships.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy structure steel manufacturing, in particular to a low magnetism for a ship and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Due to the narrow space in the ship body and the numerous electromechanical and electric devices, the generated magnetic field and magnetic force have invisible injuries to crews, different from the land, the crews are close to the electric devices in working and production places and are placed in the magnetic field, and in addition, other harmful factors such as noise, drink and food varieties and the like are added, so that the crews are easy to generate 'crewman syndrome' of being happy and erratic, having no concentration, having low memory and the like. At present, the common inland river ship and the common ocean civil sea ship are not constructed in a shielding mode by adopting low magnetic steel to carry out shielding type construction on electrical equipment, so that the whole ship body is in a magnetic field, and sailors are easy to generate abnormal behaviors. In order to build a green ship, one of important measures is to adopt low-magnetic steel to shield electrical facilities, so that crews work and produce in a non-magnetic healthy environment, work efficiently and live pleasantly.
Chinese invention patent, application No. CN89104759.X discloses "Fe-Mn-Al-C austenite nonmagnetic steel and low temperature steel", which contains 19-21% of Mn, 2.3-3.2% of Al, 0.25-0.33% of C, less than or equal to 0.7% of Si, less than or equal to 0.05% of S, less than or equal to 0.04% of P, and the balance of Fe. The austenite structure is stabilized by Mn and C, and the transformation of gamma → epsilon martensite is inhibited by Al, so that the novel steel grade has extremely low magnetic permeability and high toughness at the temperature of 77K and above. The new steel of the invention can be used as non-magnetic steel to replace 1Cr18Ni9Ti and non-ferrous alloy for manufacturing non-magnetic parts in electrical equipment such as transformers, magnetic separators and motors, and the magnetic conductivity mu is less than or equal to 1.005. However, the technology has the advantages that the chemical composition contains higher alloy element Al, if the technology is produced by converter steelmaking, external refining and continuous casting, high content Al is easy to be oxidized to form steel slag to block a casting nozzle, and potential safety hazards exist.
The invention patent of China, application number CN200510050833.X discloses 'an austenite non-magnetic steel and a preparation method thereof', the non-magnetic steel contains 20-26% of manganese, 2-10% of chromium, 1-4% of aluminum, 0.18-0.24% of carbon, 0.1-0.2% of rare earth elements, less than or equal to 0.04% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.04% of phosphorus and the balance of iron according to weight percentage. The magnetic conductivity mu is less than or equal to 1.5, when in preparation, the prepared alloy material meeting the requirements is melted in an electric furnace for 1-2 hours, when the temperature reaches 1550 ℃ of 1500-. The technology has the disadvantages that Cr which belongs to ferrite stabilizing elements is added at a high level in chemical components, a certain amount of non-austenite structures such as ferrite, martensite, bainite and the like are easily generated in the manufacturing process, and the non-austenite structures are magnetized when being placed in a magnetic field, so that the magnetic shielding can not be effectively carried out, and the magnetic shielding can not be used for manufacturing marine electric magnetic shielding components.
The Chinese invention patent, application number CN201410315384.6, discloses a high-strength vanadium-containing high-manganese non-magnetic steel and a production method thereof, wherein the steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.15-0.25% of C, 0.2-0.4% of Si, 18-20% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 0.5-1.0% of V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The production method of the steel is carried out according to the common pure steel process and comprises the steps of electric furnace smelting, ladle furnace refining, vacuum treatment, bottom pouring die casting, casting blank heating, rolling, tempering treatment and air cooling. The yield strength of the steel is more than or equal to 500MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 700MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the relative permeability mu is less than or equal to 1.05, so that the steel is suitable for manufacturing equipment such as transformers, generators and the like. The technology has the defects that the technology contains more expensive alloy elements V, wherein V belongs to stronger ferrite stabilizing elements, non-austenite structures are easily generated in the manufacturing process, the V is easily magnetized when being placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic field cannot be well shielded, and the V cannot be used for manufacturing ship electromagnetic shielding components.
In view of the above disadvantages of the low magnetic steel at present, the development of a low magnetic steel for a ship and a preparation method thereof are technical problems to be solved urgently in the technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the austenite structure of low-magnetic steel produced by the prior art belongs to metastable austenite, and the metastable austenite is converted into martensite or ferrite easily in the processing process or is prolonged along with time to become an easily magnetized material so as to lose the shielding effect, and provides the low-magnetic steel for the ship and the preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the marine low-magnetic steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 1.22 to 1.53 percent of C, 0.17 to 0.28 percent of Si, 8.9 to 9.8 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of S, 0.11 to 0.34 percent of Ni, 0.01 to 0.18 percent of Co, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the chemical components and the mass percentages thereof in the invention are as follows: 1.53% of C, 0.26% of Si, 9.57% of Mn9, 0.001% of P, 0.0009% of S, 0.34% of Ni, 0.15% of Co, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the yield strength of the steel is more than or equal to 510MPa, the relative permeability mu is less than or equal to 1.0001, and the full elongation A is more than or equal to 45%.
The invention discloses a preparation method of low magnetic steel for ships, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting
Adding molten iron with the mass fraction P being less than or equal to 0.050%, S being less than or equal to 0.020% and the temperature T being more than or equal to 1280 ℃ into a molten iron tank, then carrying out deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron through a KR desulfurization process, then entering a top-bottom combined blowing converter for smelting, adding a dephosphorizing agent to reduce the phosphorus content in the molten iron to be less than or equal to 0.005%, adding a desulfurizing agent to reduce the sulfur content S in the molten iron to be less than or equal to 0.002%, adding alloy materials SiFe, MnFe, FeNi and Co to adjust the Si content in the molten iron to be 0.17-0.28%, the Mn content to be 8.9-9.8%, the Ni content to be 0.11-0.34%, the Co content to be 0.01-0.18%, and controlling the tapping temperature to be 1620 1660 ℃;
(2) and (3) outside-furnace blowing Ar refining: refining molten steel smelted in the converter by blowing Ar for 4-10min, and calming molten steel in a ladle for 5-8 min;
(3) RH vacuum treatment: then carrying out RH vacuum treatment on the molten iron, and vacuumizing an RH vacuum system until the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 98Pa and the treatment time is more than or equal to 10 min;
(4) rolling: carrying out primary continuous rolling on the casting blank, wherein the initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1083 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 857 ℃;
(5) and (3) cooling: and watering the rolled steel plate and rapidly cooling to 151-220 ℃.
Preferably, the main component of the dephosphorizing agent is lime.
Preferably, the main component of the desulfurizing agent in the present invention is lime or fluorite.
The reason for the action and control of each component in the invention is as follows:
the iron-based austenitic steel has no magnetism and can not be magnetized in an external magnetic field, so that the iron-based austenitic steel can shield the magnetic force and the magnetic field.
C: c is an element which expands the austenite region and stabilizes the austenite structure, and C atoms dissolved in the matrix improve the strength of the steel, and if less than 1.22%, the C atoms are insufficient to stabilize the austenite structure, and sufficient C atoms are not dissolved in the matrix, and the yield strength of the steel cannot reach 510MPa, and if the C content exceeds 1.53%, Fe is likely to precipitate in the grain boundary3C、Mn3C, etc., which lower the strength, toughness and plasticity of the material, and thus the set range is 1.22 to 1.53%.
Mn: mn is also an alloy element for enlarging an austenite region, and can even close a ferrite region within a certain C content range to obtain a full austenite structure and can be kept to room temperature, if the Mn content is lower than 8.9 percent, the full austenite structure can not be obtained, and if the Mn content is higher than 9.8 percent, MnS and Mn which cause mechanical property deterioration are easy to produce3C, and the like, so that the set range is 8.9-9.8%.
Si: silicon is a beneficial element in steel, has strong solid solution strengthening effect after being dissolved in ferrite, can obviously improve the strength and the hardness of the steel, but when the content is less than 0.17 percent, the strengthening effect is not enough to be formed, and the strength of the steel is difficult to achieve the expectation. When the content is more than 0.28%, the plasticity and toughness of the steel are deteriorated, and therefore the content is set in the range of 0.17 to 0.28%.
P, S: if the content of P, S and other impurity elements, P, S, in the steel is higher than 0.005% and 0.002%, respectively, the physical properties and mechanical properties of the steel are remarkably reduced, so that the lower the content of P, S in the steel is, the better the content is, but if the content is too low, the production process cost is increased.
Ni, Co: co and Ni are both in face-centered cubic crystal structures, the lower limit content of 0.11 percent of Ni and 0.01 percent of Co interact with each other, the austenite structure can be well stabilized, the obtained austenite structure can not be transformed into martensite or/and ferrite structure due to cold and hot processing, and can not change along with time, so that the magnetic shielding material has good magnetic shielding performance. When Ni is less than 0.11% and Co is less than 0.01%, it is difficult to obtain a stable austenite structure, and a ferrite structure may be partially formed, resulting in an increase in magnetic permeability and a decrease in magnetic shielding effect. Ni and Co are expensive alloy elements, and if Ni is more than 0.34 percent and Co is more than 0.18 percent, the production cost is obviously increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention has simple chemical components and production process and low magnetic conductivity, can effectively carry out magnetic shielding, and is suitable for manufacturing marine electromagnetic shielding structural parts and building green healthy ships.
(2) The yield strength of the prepared steel is more than or equal to 510MPa, the full elongation A is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the relative permeability mu is less than or equal to 1.0001. Meanwhile, the magnetic shielding structural member can be processed into various shapes by cold bending and the like due to excellent plasticity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of an austenite microstructure of low magnetic steel prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples to facilitate the clear understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The marine low-magnetic steel of this embodiment has the following chemical components by mass percent: 1.34% of C, 0.19% of Si, 9.21% of Mn, 0.004% of P, 0.001% of S, 0.11% of Ni, 0.05% of Co, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the marine low-magnetic steel comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting
Adding molten iron with the mass fraction P being less than or equal to 0.050%, the S being less than or equal to 0.020% and the temperature T being more than or equal to 1280 ℃ into a molten iron tank, then carrying out deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron through a KR desulfurization process, then entering a top-bottom combined blowing converter for smelting, adding a dephosphorizing agent to reduce the phosphorus content in the molten iron to be less than or equal to 0.005%, adding a desulfurizing agent to regulate the sulfur content S in the molten iron to be less than or equal to 0.002%, adding alloy materials SiFe, MnFe, FeNi and Co to adjust the Si content, the Mn content, the Ni content and the Co content in the molten iron to be 0.19%, 0.21% and 0.11%, 0.05% and controlling the tapping temperature to be 1640 ℃;
(2) and (3) outside-furnace blowing Ar refining: refining molten steel smelted by the converter by blowing Ar for 8min, and calming molten iron in a steel ladle for 6 min;
(3) RH vacuum treatment: then carrying out RH vacuum treatment on the molten iron, and vacuumizing an RH vacuum system until the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 98Pa and the treatment time is more than or equal to 10 min;
(4) rolling: carrying out primary continuous rolling on the casting blank, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1092 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 984 ℃;
(5) and (3) cooling: the rolled steel plate is watered and rapidly cooled to 193 ℃.
Preferably, the main component of the dephosphorizing agent is lime.
Preferably, the main component of the desulfurizing agent in the present invention is fluorite.
The low magnetic steel prepared in this example was sampled and observed for the microstructure of austenite under a metallographic microscope, as shown in fig. 1, it can be seen from fig. 1 that the low magnetic steel is composed of all austenite, has an average grain size of about 27 μm, and is excellent in structural stability and cold-hot workability.
Five examples, namely example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4 and example 5, were prepared according to the chemical element composition, mass percentage and production method requirements of the present invention. In order to verify the influence of the chemical components, the mass percentage content, the initial rolling temperature, the final rolling temperature and the cooling temperature after rolling on the performance parameters of the marine low-magnetic steel, two comparative examples, namely comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, were prepared, namely 8 batches of steel plates were smelted and rolled. Wherein, the chemical compositions and the mass percentage contents of the comparative example 1 are within the scope of the present invention, the initial rolling temperature, the final rolling temperature and the cooling temperature after rolling in the rolling process are not within the scope of the present invention, the chemical compositions and the mass percentage contents of the comparative example 2 are not within the scope of the present invention, the initial rolling temperature, the final rolling temperature and the cooling temperature after rolling in the rolling process are within the scope of the present invention, and the chemical compositions and the mass percentage contents of the comparative example 3 and the initial rolling temperature, the final rolling temperature and the cooling temperature after rolling in the rolling process are not within the scope of the present invention.
The chemical element composition mass percentages of 5 examples of the present invention and 3 comparative examples are shown in table 1, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and the production process control parameters and the steel sheet property test data are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 comparison of chemical compositions (wt%) of inventive and comparative examples
TABLE 2 influence of the production Process control of the inventive examples and comparative examples on the Steel sheet Properties
As can be seen from the above tables 1 and 2, the chemical compositions and mass percentages of the steel plates in the embodiments 1-5 of the invention and the steel plates produced at the rolling temperature controlled by the production process have yield strengths not lower than 510MPa and relative magnetic conductivities mu not greater than 1.0001; while the steel composition ranges or/and the production processes of comparative examples 1 to 3 were out of the range of the present invention, the produced comparative steel sheets were all lower than 427MPa in yield strength and as high as several hundreds in relative permeability, and magnetic shield members could not be produced. The yield strength of the steel plate prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention is 571MPa, the relative magnetic permeability is mu =1.00008, the comprehensive mechanical property is excellent, and the steel plate is suitable for building magnetic shielding members of marine electrical equipment and is an optimal embodiment.
Claims (5)
1. The marine low-magnetic steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 1.22 to 1.53 percent of C, 0.17 to 0.28 percent of Si, 8.9 to 9.8 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of S, 0.11 to 0.34 percent of Ni, 0.01 to 0.18 percent of Co, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting
Adding molten iron with the mass fraction P being less than or equal to 0.050%, S being less than or equal to 0.020% and the temperature T being more than or equal to 1280 ℃ into a molten iron tank, then carrying out deep desulfurization treatment on the molten iron through a KR desulfurization process, then entering a top-bottom combined blowing converter for smelting, adding a dephosphorizing agent to reduce the phosphorus content in the molten iron to be less than or equal to 0.005%, adding a desulfurizing agent to reduce the sulfur content S in the molten iron to be less than or equal to 0.002%, adding alloy materials SiFe, MnFe, FeNi and Co to adjust the Si content in the molten iron to be 0.17-0.28%, the Mn content to be 8.9-9.8%, the Ni content to be 0.11-0.34%, the Co content to be 0.01-0.18%, and controlling the tapping temperature to be 1620 1660 ℃;
(2) and (3) outside-furnace blowing Ar refining: refining molten steel smelted in the converter by blowing Ar for 4-10min, and calming molten steel in a ladle for 5-8 min;
(3) RH vacuum treatment: then carrying out RH vacuum treatment on the molten iron, and vacuumizing an RH vacuum system until the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 98Pa and the treatment time is more than or equal to 10 min;
(4) rolling: carrying out primary continuous rolling on the casting blank, wherein the initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1083 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 857 ℃;
(5) and (3) cooling: and watering the rolled steel plate and rapidly cooling to 151-220 ℃.
2. The marine low magnetic steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical components and mass percentages thereof are: 1.53% of C, 0.26% of Si, 9.57% of Mn, 0.001% of P, 0.0009% of S, 0.34% of Ni, 0.15% of Co, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The marine low magnetic steel of claim 1, wherein: the yield strength of the low magnetic steel for the ship is more than or equal to 510MPa, the relative magnetic conductivity mu is less than or equal to 1.0001, and the full elongation A is more than or equal to 45%.
4. The marine low magnetic steel of claim 1, wherein: the main component of the dephosphorizing agent is lime.
5. The marine low magnetic steel of claim 1, wherein: the main component of the desulfurizer is lime or fluorite.
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