CN109097134A - 一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN109097134A
CN109097134A CN201810743111.XA CN201810743111A CN109097134A CN 109097134 A CN109097134 A CN 109097134A CN 201810743111 A CN201810743111 A CN 201810743111A CN 109097134 A CN109097134 A CN 109097134A
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颜炳玉
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Abstract

本发明公开一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比及其制备工艺，所述生物质粒由以下重量百分数的原料配比而成：硬木屑26‑57％、竹屑15‑25％、竹炭粉10‑18％、造纸污泥8‑12％、麦秸6‑8％、核桃壳3‑5％、生物柴油0.3‑2％、热稳定剂0.6‑3％、氧化剂0.1‑1％；其中，热稳定剂包括以下重量份组分：硬脂酸钙10‑16份、硬脂酸锌5‑7份、氧化铈0.2‑0.8份、环戊二烯基铁2‑3份、环氧棕榈油4‑8份、改性镁铝水滑石20‑30份。本发明通过硬木屑和竹炭粉联合改善燃料中碳、氢比例，并利用热稳定剂缓慢释放挥发性物质，避免燃料因剧烈气化造成的不完全燃烧现象，延长燃烧时间。

Description

一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于新能源生物质燃料技术领域，具体涉及一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比及其制备工艺。
背景技术
生物质燃料一般以农作物秸秆、锯末、杂草等结构疏松的植物废弃物为原料，相比于煤炭等化石燃料，密度和固定碳含量更低，氢含量更高，导致其高温裂解、挥发程度更高，因此，生物质燃料不耐烧、热值较低，此外，当生物质燃料温度超过350℃时，开始剧烈气化，挥发性物质析出燃尽后，残余碳质易被软化的灰烬包裹，形成严密的结渣或团聚结构，空气渗透困难，燃料无法完全燃烧，进一步缩短燃烧时间。因此，生产出一种热值高、燃烧时间长的生物质粒是目前亟待解决的问题。
申请号为CN201710314253.X的专利，公开一种高燃烧值的生物质燃料及其制备方法，通过复配秸秆、分心木、纳米氧化锌、过氧化物酶、乙酰丙酮铈，制得该生物质燃料，但过氧化物酶能加剧木质素的分解和破裂，反而加速了生物质燃料中挥发份的散失，使燃料的燃烧时间缩短。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比及其制备工艺。
本发明的技术方案概述如下：
一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比，所述生物质粒由以下重量百分数的原料配比而成：硬木屑26-57％、竹屑15-25％、竹炭粉10-18％、造纸污泥8-12％、麦秸6-8％、核桃壳3-5％、生物柴油0.3-2％、热稳定剂0.6-3％、氧化剂0.1-1％；
其中，热稳定剂包括以下重量份组分：硬脂酸钙10-16份、硬脂酸锌5-7份、氧化铈0.2-0.8份、环戊二烯基铁2-3份、环氧棕榈油4-8份、改性镁铝水滑石20-30份。
优选的是，所述硬木屑包括栎木屑、柞木屑、桦木屑、榆木屑、刺槐木屑、白杨木屑的一种或多种。
优选的是，所述氧化剂包括高锰酸钙、硝酸钡、过氯酸镁、过氧化钙的一种或多种。
优选的是，所述生物柴油的含硫量低于7mg/kg。
优选的是，所述改性镁铝水滑石是经钛酸酯偶联剂表面活化后的镁铝水滑石。
本发明还提供上述一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1：按重量份混合硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、氧化铈、环戊二烯基铁、环氧棕榈油、改性镁铝水滑石，超声分散后，得热稳定剂；
S2：压滤造纸污泥至含水量低于40％，与硬木屑、竹屑、麦秸、核桃壳混合后，粉碎至0.3-0.5mm，再减压干燥2h，得生物质预混料；
S3：将生物质预混料、热稳定剂、氧化剂搅拌均匀后，压缩成密度为1.4-1.6g/cm3、横切面积为40-80mm2、长为3.5-4.5cm的棕黄色长方体颗粒，并将生物柴油均匀喷涂在颗粒外表面，制得所述生物质粒。
优选的是，所述减压干燥的压力为0.9-2.5kPa，温度为70-80℃。本发明的有益效果：
本发明通过硬木屑和竹炭粉联合改善燃料中碳、氢比例，提高燃料热值和燃烧时间，相比于内部结构为蜂窝状的软木屑，纤维层结构的硬木屑致密性高、稳定性优良、燃烧速度适中，减少燃料损耗，并利用热稳定剂延缓生物质燃料热裂解的进程，使其以较慢的分解速度保持火焰所需的挥发性物质的供应量，避免燃料因剧烈气化造成的不完全燃烧现象，延长燃烧时间，其中，环戊二烯基铁在100℃时开始升华，通过气相沉积的方式对生物质粒中的微小孔隙进行填补，提高内部结构致密性和稳定性，使挥发份缓慢气化，硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、氧化铈、环氧棕榈油协同抑制烯烃、氯代烃、酮、醇等成分的释放，降低生物质中可燃物质的散失，改性镁铝水滑石能与生物质中的K、S、Cl、Si等元素发生反应，生成新的高熔度复合物，提高生物质粒的抗结渣性和燃烧性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1
一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比，所述生物质粒由以下重量百分数的原料配比而成：栎木屑57％、竹屑15％、竹炭粉10％、造纸污泥8％、麦秸6％、核桃壳3％、生物柴油0.3％、热稳定剂0.6％、高锰酸钙0.1％；
其中，热稳定剂包括以下重量份组分：硬脂酸钙10份、硬脂酸锌5份、氧化铈0.2份、环戊二烯基铁2份、环氧棕榈油4份、改性镁铝水滑石20份。
上述一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1：采用钛酸酯偶联剂对镁铝水滑石进行表面活化处理，得改性镁铝水滑石，按重量份混合硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、氧化铈、环戊二烯基铁、环氧棕榈油、改性镁铝水滑石，超声分散后，得热稳定剂；
S2：压滤造纸污泥至含水量低于40％，与硬木屑、竹屑、麦秸、核桃壳混合后，粉碎至0.3mm，并在0.9kPa、70℃环境下减压干燥2h，得生物质预混料；
S3：将生物质预混料、热稳定剂、氧化剂搅拌均匀后，压缩成密度为1.4g/cm3、横切面积为40mm2、长为3.5cm的棕黄色长方体颗粒，并将含硫量低于7mg/kg生物柴油均匀喷涂在颗粒外表面，制得所述生物质粒。
实施例2
榆木屑42％、竹屑20％、竹炭粉14％、造纸污泥10％、麦秸7％、核桃壳4％、生物柴油1.1％、热稳定剂1.3％、硝酸钡0.6％；
其中，热稳定剂包括以下重量份组分：硬脂酸钙13份、硬脂酸锌6份、氧化铈0.5份、环戊二烯基铁2.5份、环氧棕榈油6份、改性镁铝水滑石25份。
制备工艺同实施例1，区别在于：
S2：粉碎粒径为0.4mm，减压干燥的压力为1.7kPa，温度为75℃；S3：生物质粒密度为1.5g/cm3、横切面积为60mm2、长为4cm。
实施例3
刺槐木屑26％、竹屑25％、竹炭粉18％、造纸污泥12％、麦秸8％、核桃壳5％、生物柴油2％、热稳定剂3％、过氧化钙1％；
其中，热稳定剂包括以下重量份组分：硬脂酸钙16份、硬脂酸锌7份、氧化铈0.8份、环戊二烯基铁3份、环氧棕榈油8份、改性镁铝水滑石30份。
制备工艺同实施例1，区别在于：
S2：粉碎粒径为0.5mm，减压干燥的压力为2.5kPa，温度为80℃；S3：生物质粒密度为1.6g/cm3、横切面积为80mm2、长为4.5cm。
以市售生物质粒为对比例，对实施例1-3和对比例进行性能测试，测试数据如下表所示：
由上表可知，本发明明显提高了生物质粒的热值和燃烧时间，缓慢释放挥发份，并降低灰分的结渣率，提高燃料的燃烧性能和燃烧效率。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节。

Claims (7)

1.一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比，其特征在于，所述生物质粒由以下重量百分数的原料配比而成：硬木屑26-57％、竹屑15-25％、竹炭粉10-18％、造纸污泥8-12％、麦秸6-8％、核桃壳3-5％、生物柴油0.3-2％、热稳定剂0.6-3％、氧化剂0.1-1％；
其中，热稳定剂包括以下重量份组分：硬脂酸钙10-16份、硬脂酸锌5-7份、氧化铈0.2-0.8份、环戊二烯基铁2-3份、环氧棕榈油4-8份、改性镁铝水滑石20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比，其特征在于，所述硬木屑包括栎木屑、柞木屑、桦木屑、榆木屑、刺槐木屑、白杨木屑的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比，其特征在于，所述氧化剂包括高锰酸钙、硝酸钡、过氯酸镁、过氧化钙的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比，其特征在于，所述生物柴油的含硫量低于7mg/kg。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒配比，其特征在于，所述改性镁铝水滑石是经钛酸酯偶联剂表面活化后的镁铝水滑石。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒的制备工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：按重量份混合硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、氧化铈、环戊二烯基铁、环氧棕榈油、改性镁铝水滑石，超声分散后，得热稳定剂；
S2：压滤造纸污泥至含水量低于40％，与硬木屑、竹屑、麦秸、核桃壳混合后，粉碎至0.3-0.5mm，再减压干燥2h，得生物质预混料；
S3：将生物质预混料、热稳定剂、氧化剂搅拌均匀后，压缩成密度为1.4-1.6g/cm3、横切面积为40-80mm2、长为3.5-4.5cm的棕黄色长方体颗粒，并将生物柴油均匀喷涂在颗粒外表面，制得所述生物质粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种提高燃烧时间的生物质粒的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述减压干燥的压力为0.9-2.5kPa，温度为70-80℃。
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