CN109089775B

CN109089775B - Pepper planting method

Info

Publication number: CN109089775B
Application number: CN201810814618.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄天瑞
Original assignee: Guizhou Yintong Agriculture Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Liaoning Daily Agriculture Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-07-23
Filing date: 2018-07-23
Publication date: 2021-03-30
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-23
Also published as: CN109089775A

Abstract

The scheme discloses a pepper planting method in the field of pepper planting, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing bed soil: inoculating sulfur-producing bacteria to a culture medium for culturing for 5-7 days, and then mixing soil with the culture medium; (2) sowing: planting 80g of flue-cured tobacco seeds per mu in 1-2 months, and planting 250g of pepper seeds per mu in soil with the water content of 21-25% in 3-4 months; (3) planting: transplanting pepper seedlings when the pepper seedlings grow to 15-20 cm, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the pepper seedlings are 50-60 cm and 20-30 cm, 1-3 seedlings/hole are adopted, the flue-cured tobacco seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, flue-cured tobacco seedlings are planted between two adjacent rows of pepper seedlings, the plant spacing is 40-45 cm, a layer of thin film is arranged on the pepper seedlings, and the thin film is kept 45-50 cm from the ground; (4) fertilizing: applying mixed fertilizer after field planting, wherein the mixed fertilizer comprises 5-10 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate and 7-15 parts by weight of urea, and paving 1-2 cm of plant ash on soil; (5) and (6) harvesting. The pepper planting method can improve the content of capsaicin in the pepper.

Description

Pepper planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of pepper planting, in particular to a pepper planting method.

Background

The existing pepper planting technology generally comprises four links of 1 seedling raising, 2 soil preparation, 3 management and 4 harvesting. The pepper prefers nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the pepper needs a large amount of potash fertilizer in the growth process, so multiple topdressing is needed in the planting period.

In south China, particularly Sichuan, Hunan and Guizhou, people prefer to use dry red peppers as cooking seasonings, and when peppers are selected as raw materials, the peppery degree of many peppers is insufficient, so that the requirements of users cannot be met. Capsaicin is an active ingredient of capsicum, which is irritant to mammals including humans and produces burning sensations in the oral cavity; capsaicin is the main capsaicin in capsicum, and dihydrocapsaicin is located secondly, and the pungency of the two compounds is almost twice as much as that of nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin and homocapsaicin. Sufficient potassium carbonate uptake by the peppers during growth causes the capsaicin content to increase and conversely decrease.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pepper planting method to solve the problem that the content of capsaicin in pepper is low due to unreasonable pepper planting mode in the prior art.

The pepper planting method in the scheme comprises the following steps:

(1) soil improvement: selecting slightly acidic soil when the soil is 3-4 months, inoculating sulfur bacteria to a culture medium, culturing for 5-7 days, and then putting the culture medium into the soil according to the dosage of 50-60 kg/mu to mix the culture medium with the soil;

(2) sowing: after soil improvement is completed, sowing pepper seeds in soil with the water content of 21-25%;

(3) planting: when pepper seedlings grow to 15-20 cm, transplanting the pepper seedlings, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the pepper seedlings are 50-60 cm and 20-30 cm, 1-3 plants/hole are adopted, a layer of film is arranged on the pepper seedlings, the film is kept to be 45-50 cm away from the ground, tobacco-curing seedlings with the height of 30-40 cm are planted between every two adjacent rows of pepper seedlings, the plant spacing of the tobacco-curing seedlings is 40-45 cm, and the film is taken down in the second month after the pepper is fixedly planted;

(4) fertilizing: after the field planting of the peppers, applying a mixed fertilizer, wherein the mixed fertilizer comprises 5-10 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate and 7-15 parts by weight of urea, and paving 1-2 cm thick plant ash on the soil;

(5) harvesting: and harvesting 5-10 days after the pepper is mature.

The beneficial effect of this scheme: the pepper is planted in 3-4 months, when pepper seedlings grow to 15-20, the pepper seedlings are planted, flue-cured tobacco seedlings with the height of 30-40 cm are placed on two sides of the pepper seedlings, flue-cured tobacco is placed on two sides of the pepper to form wind-blocking walls, air circulation between the flue-cured tobacco is reduced under the blocking effect of the wind-blocking walls, the growth temperature of the pepper is further improved, the production of the pepper is facilitated, the generation of capsaicin is promoted, the plant distance of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings is larger than that of the pepper seedlings, the flue-cured tobacco can prevent the pepper from being excessively irradiated during the growth of the pepper, the illumination intensity is weakened, and the capsaicin content in the; as sulfur bacteria are mixed into the bed soil when the bed soil is prepared, the sulfur bacteria can oxidize sulfides into sulfuric acid, the water generated can increase the water content of the soil, and the sulfuric acid generated by the reaction is slow and small, so that the adverse effect of the generation of a large amount of sulfuric acid on the normal growth of the hot pepper can be avoided; meanwhile, the sulfuric acid generated by the reaction is slow and small, so that the whole process is more sustainable, and the supply of the sulfuric acid in the growth period of the pepper is ensured; the sulfuric acid can react with plant ash to generate potassium sulfate, water and carbon dioxide, the water can increase the water content of the soil, the carbon dioxide can provide a raw material with a respiration effect for pepper seedlings and flue-cured tobacco seedlings, and the potassium sulfate can fertilize the pepper to increase the content of capsaicin in the pepper; on the other hand, the film can preserve moisture and increase temperature, and enhances the pepper, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis of the pepper, and promoting the pepper to absorb potassium sulfate to generate capsaicin.

Further, the mixed fertilizer comprises 6 parts of calcium superphosphate and 8 parts of urea by weight, and the thickness of the plant ash paved on the soil is 1 cm. The plant ash with the thickness of 1cm is paved, the content of the plant ash which can react with the sulfuric acid is less, and the generated potassium sulfate, water, nitrogen dioxide and the like are correspondingly less.

Further, the mixed fertilizer comprises 9 parts of calcium superphosphate and 14 parts of urea by weight, and the thickness of the plant ash laid on the soil is 2 cm. The laying thickness of the plant ash is 2cm, the content of the plant ash which can react with sulfuric acid is high, and the produced potassium sulfate, water, nitrogen dioxide and the like are correspondingly high.

Further, the sulfur bacteria are purple sulfur bacteria or green sulfur bacteria. Purple sulfur bacteria or green sulfur bacteria oxidize hydrogen sulfide into sulfuric acid in the process of photosynthesis without oxygen production by using photosynthetic pigments under anaerobic conditions, and can form sulfur granules inside or outside cells, and when the environment is lack of substances such as hydrogen sulfide and the like, the sulfur granules inside the body are further oxidized into sulfuric acid.

Further, after the pepper is planted, a layer of sulfur granules is paved on the soil. The sulfur granules contain a large amount of sulfur elements, so that the sulfur elements in the soil can be increased, and the content of potassium sulfate in the later period is increased.

Furthermore, after the pepper is planted, feathers are mixed in the soil. The feather contains a large amount of sulfur-containing amino acid, the sulfur-containing amino acid can react with bacteria in soil to obtain hydrogen sulfide, the content of the hydrogen sulfide is increased, and more potassium sulfate can be obtained after a series of reactions.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:

example 1:

a pepper planting method comprises the following specific operation steps:

(1) soil improvement: selecting subacid soil with pH of 5 and high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and good water and fertilizer retention performance at 3 months, inoculating bacteria producing purple sulfur to a culture medium for culture for 6 days, and then putting the culture medium into soil according to the dosage of 50-60 kg/mu to mix the culture medium with the soil;

(2) sowing: after soil improvement is completed, sowing the pepper seeds in soil with the water content of 23%;

(3) planting: when pepper seedlings grow to 18cm, transplanting the pepper seedlings, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the pepper seedlings are 55cm and 25cm, adopting 2 plants/hole, interplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings with the height of 35cm between two adjacent rows of pepper seedlings, wherein the plant spacing of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings is 43cm, arranging a layer of thin film on the pepper seedlings, and keeping the thin film to be 48cm from the ground;

(4) building a garden: in the second month after the pepper is fixedly planted, a frame is set up, so that flue-cured tobacco grows upwards along two sides of the frame;

(5) fertilizing: after the field planting of the peppers, applying a mixed fertilizer, wherein the mixed fertilizer comprises 6 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate and 8 parts by weight of urea, and paving 1 cm-thick plant ash on the soil;

(6) harvesting: the hot pepper is collected 8 days after being ripe.

(7) Management: the period from planting to fruiting is the early stage of field management of the pepper, and the management needs to promote roots, seedlings and plants. During the period, watering and intertillage are needed, 10 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer and 5 kilograms of urea are added after 15 days of field planting, and the height of the intertillage hilling is 10-13 centimeters so as to protect the root system and prevent the root system from lodging. The key point of management after the full bearing period is to strengthen the seedlings and promote the fruits. The capsicum should be removed in time to prevent the fruit from falling and causing the decline of growth vigor. And (3) watering and fertilizing, additionally applying 20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5kg of urea per 667 square meters, and hilling the roots again. And (4) water drainage and waterlogging prevention are carried out. Foliage fertilizer and hormone are sprayed in a combined manner to supplement nutrients and prevent viruses.

Example 2 differs from example 1 only in that: the mixed fertilizer comprises 9 parts of calcium superphosphate and 14 parts of urea by weight, and plant ash is paved on soil by 2 cm.

Control group 1: traditional pepper planting technology

The traditional pepper planting technology comprises the steps of 1, seedling raising 2, soil preparation 3, management 4 and harvesting.

First, grow seedlings

1. Seed treatment: the seedlings are generally grown in spring equinox to be clear. The seeds are exposed to the sun for 2 days, so that the after-ripening is promoted, the germination rate is improved, and germs carried on the surfaces of the seeds are killed. Or 0.5 percent of trisodium phosphate, 300 to 400 times of potassium permanganate or 1 percent of thiourea is used for soaking for 20 to 30 minutes to kill germs carried on the seeds. And after repeatedly washing the liquid medicine on the seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 25-30 ℃ for 8-12 hours.

2. Seedling and sowing: after the seedbed is well prepared, the seedbed is irrigated with enough bottom water, and then sprayed with 3000 times of Luhenyi for disinfection. Then, a thin layer of fine soil is spread, seeds are uniformly sprayed on the seedbed, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is covered, and finally a small shed is covered for moisture preservation and temperature increase.

3. Seedbed management: the temperature in the daytime after sowing is 25-28 ℃, and the ground temperature is about 20 ℃. Seedlings can emerge in 6-7 days. After 70% of the seedlings are covered with soil, spreading fine soil to the seedbed when the leaf surface is not filled with water, wherein the thickness of the fine soil is 0.5 cm. The water is preserved by filling the gaps to prevent the seedling roots from being exposed. The bed should have a sufficient water supply but not be too wet. When the height of the pepper reaches 5cm, the seedbed is ventilated and acclimatized, the ventilation opening is flexibly controlled according to the growth vigor of the seedlings and the weather temperature, and the seedlings can be acclimatized in the open air 10 days before the field planting. The hardening off is carried out step by step, and the cutting can not be completed in one step. If the seedlings grow on vain, 500 ml of chlormequat chloride per kg or 5 ml of mepiquat chloride per kg can be sprayed. The weak yellow of seedling can be sprayed on the surface of root-irrigation belt leaf before 2116 field planting by spraying moroxydine or moroxydine, etc., and has good effect of preventing virus.

Second, soil preparation

1. The pepper has long growth period and weak root system, good soil condition and nutrition condition are required for continuous flowering and fruiting, and the pepper is ploughed to a depth of 10-15 cm before planting. 5000kg of stable manure can be applied per mu, 15 kg-20 kg of calcium superphosphate can be applied in the manure, short irrigation and short drainage are carried out to form ditches which are communicated with each other, and water is not accumulated in the field after rain.

2. A planting process: planting in proper period to promote early rooting. Early shoot initiation is the main principle for mastering the planting period and the management after planting. The pepper is preferably planted in a furrow or a flat way, soil is covered shallowly during planting, then soil is gradually filled and ridges are sealed, and the root system is damaged only by drought squat seedlings after planting, so that the pepper seedling management needs small squat seedlings or squat-free seedlings and is promoted to the end.

3. Planting density: the pepper plant is compact and suitable for close planting. Experiments prove that the close planting yield-increasing potential of the hot pepper is large, and particularly the green hot pepper growing to autumn can grow. The proper close planting is beneficial to early ridge sealing, and the soil surface is covered and shaded, so that the change of soil temperature and soil humidity is small, the root system is not exposed to the sun after rainstorm, and the effects of promoting the roots and promoting the seedlings are achieved. The green pepper is produced at a density of 3000-4000 holes (two plants) per mu, a row spacing of 50-60 Cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 Cm. Generally, two strains or 3 strains per cavity are used. The planting mode comprises single-row close planting of large ridges, close planting of same large and small ridges, double-row close planting of large ridges and the like, and higher yield can be obtained.

Management of

The period from planting to fruiting is the early stage of field management of the pepper, and the management needs to promote roots, seedlings and plants. During the period, watering and intertillage are needed, 10 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer and 5 kilograms of urea are added after 15 days of field planting, and the height of the intertillage hilling is 10-13 centimeters so as to protect the root system and prevent the root system from lodging. The key point of management after the full bearing period is to strengthen the seedlings and promote the fruits. The capsicum should be removed in time to prevent the fruit from falling and causing the decline of growth vigor. And (3) watering and fertilizing, additionally applying 20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5kg of urea per 667 square meters, and hilling the roots again. And (4) water drainage and waterlogging prevention are carried out. Foliage fertilizer and hormone are sprayed in a combined manner to supplement nutrients and prevent viruses.

Fourthly, harvesting: generally, the fruits can be harvested 2-3 weeks after blossom withering when the fruits are fully enlarged and green in color, or can be harvested when the fruits turn yellow or red and mature. Attention is paid to picking for many times as much as possible, the fruit stalks are picked together, more fruits are left on the plant, and the yield can be improved.

Control group 2:

(1) soil improvement: selecting the subacid soil with the pH value of 5 and high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and good water and fertilizer retention performance after 3 months;

(3) planting: transplanting pepper seedlings when the pepper seedlings grow to 18cm, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the pepper seedlings are 55cm and 25cm, and 2 plants/hole are adopted;

(4) fertilizing: after the field planting of the peppers, applying a mixed fertilizer, wherein the mixed fertilizer comprises 6 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate and 8 parts by weight of urea, and paving 1 cm-thick plant ash on the soil;

(5) harvesting: and harvesting 5-10 days after the pepper is mature.

(6) Management: the period from planting to fruiting is the early stage of field management of the pepper, and the management needs to promote roots, seedlings and plants. During the period, watering and intertillage are needed, 10 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer and 5 kilograms of urea are added after 15 days of field planting, and the height of the intertillage hilling is 10-13 centimeters so as to protect the root system and prevent the root system from lodging. The key point of management after the full bearing period is to strengthen the seedlings and promote the fruits. The capsicum should be removed in time to prevent the fruit from falling and causing the decline of growth vigor. And (3) watering and fertilizing, additionally applying 20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5kg of urea per 667 square meters, and hilling the roots again. And (4) water drainage and waterlogging prevention are carried out. Foliage fertilizer and hormone are sprayed in a combined manner to supplement nutrients and prevent viruses.

Selecting 4 lands to perform test comparison, wherein a traditional pepper planting technology is adopted as a comparison group, 2 embodiments of the invention are experiment groups, and the following data are obtained by comparing the contents of capsaicin in the tendon of pepper:

	content of capsaicin (mg.100 g)^-1·DW)
		Control group 1	212
Control group 2	241
		Example 1	278
Example 2	286

And (4) conclusion: pepper planted according to the invention, capsaicin content in the tendon of capsaicinUp to 262-293 (mg.100 g)^-1DW) far greater than 212(mg 100 g) in the prior art^-1DW), the capsaicin content in the control group 2 was 241(mg 100 g)^-1DW), the reason why the content of capsaicin in the comparative example is low is that flue-cured tobacco seedlings are not planted, wind-blocking walls are formed on two sides of the pepper, sulfur bacteria are not added into the soil, potassium sulfate is not generated in a reaction mode, and finally the capsaicin in the pepper cannot be improved. Therefore, the capsicum planted by the invention has higher capsaicin content and is suitable for popularization and application.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. The pepper planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) soil improvement: selecting slightly acidic soil when the soil is 3-4 months, inoculating sulfur bacteria to a culture medium, culturing for 5-7 days, and then putting the culture medium into the soil according to the dosage of 50-60 kg/mu to mix the culture medium with the soil;

(5) harvesting: and harvesting 5-10 days after the pepper is mature.

2. The pepper planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mixed fertilizer comprises 6 parts of calcium superphosphate and 8 parts of urea by weight, and the thickness of the plant ash laid on the soil is 1 cm.

3. The pepper planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mixed fertilizer comprises 9 parts of calcium superphosphate and 14 parts of urea by weight, and the thickness of the plant ash laid on the soil is 2 cm.

4. The pepper planting method as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the sulfur bacteria are purple sulfur bacteria or green sulfur bacteria.

5. The pepper planting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: after the pepper is planted, a layer of sulfur granules is paved on the soil.

6. The pepper planting method as claimed in claim 5, wherein: after the pepper is planted, feathers are mixed in the soil.