CN109086534B - Wind farm wake correction method and system based on CFD hydrodynamic model - Google Patents
Wind farm wake correction method and system based on CFD hydrodynamic model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind power plant wake flow correcting method and system based on a CFD fluid mechanics model, which is characterized in that a wind power plant is divided by taking theta as a wind direction sector, a wind direction rotation model is adopted to calculate a wind power plant wake flow field, and the method comprises the following steps: according to the main wind direction data of the wind measuring tower, a numerical simulation model extending along the X-axis direction according to the main wind direction is established, and a three-dimensional solid model of the grid wind power plant topography is established; solving a CFD wake model based on a Reynolds average Nav i er-Stokes equation to obtain a wake flow field of the main wind direction sector; calculating wake flow fields of other sectors with different wind directions through the deflection of the topographic coordinates; and weighting the wake flow fields by combining the wind frequencies of the different wind direction sectors to obtain a final wake flow field, and calculating wake flow influence among wind turbines. According to the invention, by adding the topographic coordinate deflection, the numerical simulation of CFD hydrodynamic wake models with different wind direction angles is adapted, and meanwhile, the wind frequencies of all wind directions are considered for weighting, so that the wake area is more in line with the real flow field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind power plant optimization control, in particular to a wind power plant wake correction method and system based on a CFD fluid mechanics model.
Background
Wind power generation continues to increase in specific gravity in electrical power systems, and large wind farms typically consist of hundreds or even thousands of wind turbine groups. The influence of the wake flow of the fan in the wind power plant on the downstream fan is larger, and wake flow calculation of the fan is more and more focused. In the wake flow area, the unit spacing among different fans, the topographic features of the wind power plant and the wind characteristics can all influence wake flow evaluation, so that the wind power units influenced by the wake flow need to be accurately evaluated.
There are generally two methods for studying wind turbine wake effects. One is the Park, jansen et al wake model, which is dominated by a semi-empirical model. On the premise of not considering factors such as turbulence, the calculation efficiency can be ensured by assuming that the wake flow area of the fan is diffused according to a certain model mode, but the wake flow effect is often not estimated enough. The other is CFD wake model simulation calculation based on Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation, and the wake distribution situation can be estimated relatively accurately due to the turbulence energy characteristic being fully considered, but the accuracy is still to be further improved.
It is apparent that the existing wind farm wake calculation method still has inconvenience and defects, and further improvement is needed. How to create a wind power plant wake correction method and system which can enable wake areas to be more in line with real flow fields becomes an urgent need for improvement in the current industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wind power plant wake correction method and a wind power plant wake correction system based on a CFD fluid mechanics model so that wake areas are more in line with real flow fields.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wind power plant wake flow correction method based on a CFD fluid mechanics model sets a wind power plant to divide by using theta as a wind direction sector, calculates a wind power plant wake flow field by adopting a wind direction rotation model, and comprises the following steps:
s101, according to main wind direction data of a wind power plant wind measuring tower, establishing a numerical simulation model extending along the X-axis direction according to the main wind direction, and establishing a three-dimensional entity model of the grid wind power plant topography;
s102, solving a CFD wake model based on a Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation to obtain a wake flow field of the main wind direction sector;
s103, calculating wake flow fields of other sectors with different wind directions through topographic coordinate deflection;
s104, weighting the wake flow fields by combining the wind frequencies of the different wind direction sectors to obtain a final wake flow field, and calculating wake flow influence among wind turbines.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the creating a three-dimensional solid model of the wind farm topography in S101 specifically includes: and establishing a three-dimensional solid model of contour data and roughness data according to the contour data and the roughness data of the terrain in the wind power plant and the peripheral range, determining an air flow field area above the wind power plant, and establishing a grid of the flow field area.
Further, the CFD wake model based on the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation is solved by selecting a standard k-epsilon turbulence model.
Further, the specific steps of S103 are as follows:
a) Taking a two-fan entity coordinate system XOY in the main wind direction in S102 as a basis; when the wind direction deflects by an angle theta, a deflection coordinate system X 'OY' is established;
b) In the original coordinate system, the coordinate point is (X 1 ，Y 1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the deflection coordinate system, the coordinate point is (X 2 ，Y 2 ) Wake effects of different sectors can be calculated from the correlation of the original and transformed coordinate systems.
Further, the conversion relationship between the coordinate systems is as follows:
further, in S102 and S103, corresponding data at the fan site is calculated according to the statistical wind speed, wind direction and wind frequency data at the wind tower of the wind farm, so as to solve a CFD wake model based on the reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation.
Further, the θ° is 30 °.
Further, the θ° is 45 °.
Further, in S104, the final wake flow field is represented by electric energy E, and when θ° is 30 °, the calculation formula is:
in the above, the wind speed V of the rear wake of the fan wake The wind speed of the wake flow field corresponding to the ith wind direction sector is calculated by S102 and S103 respectively, ρ is the air density, η is the fan energy conversion rate,
The invention also provides a wind farm wake correction system based on the CFD fluid mechanics model, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the method steps when executing the computer program.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has at least the following advantages:
on the basis of solving the CFD wake model based on the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation, the invention adds the topographic coordinate deflection to adapt to the numerical simulation of the CFD hydrodynamic wake model with different wind direction angles, and simultaneously takes the wind frequency of each wind direction into consideration for weighting, so that the wake area is more in line with the real flow field.
Drawings
The foregoing is merely an overview of the present invention, and the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a grid view of a wind farm area established in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the wind direction and frequency data of the wind tower and the wind speed distribution map (B);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of coordinate system conversion in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a wake computation flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In the wake flow area, the unit spacing among different fans, the topographic features of the wind power plant and the wind characteristics can all influence wake flow evaluation, so that the wind power units influenced by the wake flow need to be accurately evaluated.
The embodiment provides a wind farm wake correction method based on a CFD fluid dynamic model, which sets a wind farm to divide by θ° as a wind direction sector (for θ° =30° as an example, divide into 12 wind direction sectors, for θ° =45° as an example, divide into 8 sectors), and calculates wake flow fields by adopting a wind direction rotation model based on the wind direction sector division, so as to be used for calculating wake flow effects among wind turbines (fans).
Referring to fig. 4, it includes the steps of:
s101, according to main wind direction data of a wind power plant wind measuring tower, establishing a numerical simulation model extending along the X-axis direction according to the main wind direction, and establishing a three-dimensional entity model of the grid wind power plant topography;
s102, solving a CFD wake model based on a Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation to obtain a wake flow field of the main wind direction sector;
s103, calculating wake flow fields of other sectors with different wind directions through topographic coordinate deflection;
s104, weighting the wake flow fields by combining the wind frequencies of the different wind direction sectors to obtain a final wake flow field, and calculating wake flow influence among wind turbines.
This will be described in detail below.
S101, according to main wind direction data of a wind power plant wind measuring tower, a numerical simulation model extending along the X-axis direction according to the main wind direction is established, namely, one main wind direction sector is selected firstly, and according to the main wind direction data of the wind power plant wind measuring tower, a numerical simulation model extending along the X-axis direction according to the main wind direction is established; and establishing a three-dimensional solid model of contour data and roughness data according to the contour data and the roughness data of the terrain in the wind power plant and the peripheral range, determining an air flow field area above the wind power plant and establishing a grid of the flow field area (shown in figure 1).
S102, according to the statistical wind speed, wind direction and wind frequency data at a wind power station wind measuring tower, corresponding data at a fan position point can be calculated, and then a Reynolds average Navier-Stokes wake model is solved to obtain a wake flow field, and a turbulence model in the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes wake model is solved and described by a Navier-Stokes equation as follows:
from the above, the N-S equation can be decomposed into conservation of mass and Newton' S second law, where ρ is air density, t is time, P is static pressure, u i As a velocity component, F i Is a volumetric force component. To close the equation, the viscous stress tensor τ is required ij The expression is as follows:
mu is the laminar viscosity coefficient and the deformation rate tensor
δ ij For the Kerodiler function, 1 when i=j, 0 when i+.j, +.>
The reynolds stress is expressed as follows:
here we choose a standard k- ε turbulence model to solve for, while the turbulence viscosity is
c u Take 0.09.
S103, calculating wake flow fields of other sectors with different wind directions through the deflection of the topographic coordinates. The wind power plant is set to be divided into wind direction sectors with 30 degrees, the wind speed, the wind direction and the wind frequency corresponding to each sector are shown in figure 2, and the steps are as follows: a) Establishing a main wind direction two-fan entity coordinate system XOY; b) After the wind direction deflects by 30 degrees, a deflection coordinate system X 'OY' is established; c) In the original coordinate system, the coordinate point is (X 1 ，Y 1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the deflection coordinate system, the coordinate point is (X 2 ，Y 2 ) Wake effects of different sectors can be calculated from the correlation of the original and transformed coordinate systems. When the wind direction is deflected by 30 degrees, the relation under the new coordinate system is expressed by the original coordinates (with the cooperation of the graph shown in fig. 3):
s104, weighting is carried out according to the wind frequencies of the different wind direction sectors, so that a wake flow field is obtained, and the wake flow field can be used for calculating wake flow influences among wind turbines. The wake flow model is controlled by adopting wind frequency of a wind direction, and when a wind field is divided into a sector with the angle of 30 degrees, the following steps are adopted:
its fan back wake wind speed V wake The wind speed of the wake flow field corresponding to the ith wind direction sector is calculated by S102, S103 (derived from N-S computational fluid dynamics equations), ρ is the air density,
η is the energy conversion rate of the fan,
for the wind frequency of the ith wind direction sector, the wind speed of the air flow field area can be numerically simulated through the model, the CFD fluid mechanics model calculation flow and the wind frequency of each wind direction are weighted, and the fluid mechanics model result is optimized and calculated.
The invention relates to a wind power plant wake correction method based on a CFD hydrodynamic model, wherein S102 is the prior art; the invention has the main contribution that the correction is carried out on the basis of the CFD fluid mechanics model, S103 and S104 improve the wake model method, and the topographic coordinate deflection is added after the improvement so as to adapt to the numerical simulation of the CFD fluid mechanics wake model with different wind direction angles, and meanwhile, the wind frequency of each wind direction is considered, so that the wake area is more in line with the real flow field.
The embodiment also provides a wind farm wake correction system based on the CFD fluid mechanics model, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the steps of the method when executing the computer program. By adopting the wind power plant wake flow calculation system, the wake flow area behind the fan can be accurately evaluated in the early stage of wind power plant construction, so that the wake flow area is more in line with the real flow field.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, and some simple modifications, equivalent variations or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art using the teachings disclosed herein, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The wind power plant wake flow correction method based on the CFD fluid mechanics model is characterized by setting a wind power plant to divide by taking theta as a wind direction sector, calculating a wind power plant wake flow field by adopting a wind direction rotation model, and comprising the following steps of:
s101, according to main wind direction data of a wind power plant wind measuring tower, establishing a numerical simulation model extending along the X-axis direction according to the main wind direction, and establishing a three-dimensional entity model of the grid wind power plant topography;
s102, solving a CFD wake model based on a Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation to obtain a wake flow field of the main wind direction sector;
s103, calculating wake flow fields of other sectors with different wind directions through topographic coordinate deflection;
s104, weighting the wake flow fields by combining the wind frequencies of the different wind direction sectors to obtain a final wake flow field, and calculating wake flow influence among wind turbines.
2. The wind farm wake correction method based on the CFD hydrodynamic model according to claim 1, wherein the building of the three-dimensional solid model of the grid wind farm topography in S101 is specifically: and establishing a three-dimensional solid model of contour data and roughness data according to the contour data and the roughness data of the terrain in the wind power plant and the peripheral range, determining an air flow field area above the wind power plant, and establishing a grid of the flow field area.
3. The wind farm wake correction method based on the CFD hydrodynamic model of claim 1, wherein the CFD wake model based on the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation is solved by using a standard k-epsilon turbulence model.
4. The wind farm wake correction method based on CFD fluid mechanics model according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of S103 are as follows:
a) Taking a physical coordinate system XOY of two fans in the main wind direction as a basis; when the wind direction deflects by an angle theta, a deflection coordinate system X 'OY' is established;
b) In the original coordinate system, the coordinate point is (X 1 ，Y 1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the deflection coordinate system, the coordinate point is (X 2 ，Y 2 ) Wake effects of different sectors can be calculated from the correlation of the original and transformed coordinate systems.
5. The method for correcting wake flow of wind farm based on CFD hydrodynamic model of claim 4, wherein the transformation relation between the coordinate systems is:
6. the method for correcting the wake flow of the wind farm based on the CFD hydrodynamic model according to claim 1, wherein in the step S102 and the step S103, corresponding data at a fan site is calculated according to the statistical wind speed, wind direction and wind frequency data at a wind tower of the wind farm, so as to solve the CFD wake flow model based on the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation.
7. The CFD hydrodynamic model-based wind farm wake correction method of claim 1, wherein the θ° is 30 °.
8. The CFD hydrodynamic model-based wind farm wake correction method of claim 1, wherein the θ° is 45 °.
9. The method for correcting wake flow of wind farm based on CFD fluid mechanics model according to claim 1, wherein in S104, the final wake flow field is represented by electric energy E, and when θ° is 30 °, the calculation formula is:
in the above, the wind speed V of the rear wake of the fan wake The wind speed of the wake flow field corresponding to the ith wind direction sector is calculated by S102 and S103 respectively, ρ is the air density, η is the fan energy conversion rate,
10. A wind farm wake correction system based on CFD hydrodynamic models, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 9 when the computer program is executed.
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