CN109083790B - System and method for measuring oil injection rate based on Zeuch piezomagnetic method - Google Patents
System and method for measuring oil injection rate based on Zeuch piezomagnetic method Download PDFInfo
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel injection quantity electric signal acquisition system and method based on a Zeuch piezomagnetic method. The fuel injector pressurizing module and the cavity pressurizing module are used for loading initial injection pressure and cavity back pressure, the measuring module captures a pressure signal change curve in the cavity after the fuel injection process is finished, and the signal post-processing module restores the pressure signal curve to an actual fuel injection rate through operations such as filtering, differentiation, calibration and the like. The invention designs and processes the oil injection rate measuring instrument, which can effectively detect the multi-section injection process, has high repeatability, is convenient to carry, and has small noise and good shock resistance in the use process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel spray diagnosis, and particularly relates to a fuel injection rate measurement system and method based on a Zeuch piezomagnetic method.
Background
Liquid fuel with high energy density (gasoline, kerosene and the like) is the main fuel of an automobile engine and an aeroengine, a spraying process is a process that liquid fuel interacts with gas and breaks into liquid drops, and the quality of fuel atomization has a critical influence on a combustion process forming high efficiency and low pollution. The fuel oil demand and the demand rate of the engine are different under different working conditions, so that accurate measurement of the fuel oil injection rate curve of the fuel oil injector under different conditions has an important guiding effect on optimizing the combustion process, and the fuel oil injection rate curve is an important initial condition for engine calculation simulation.
The indirect measurement method converts the instantaneous fuel injection quantity into other electric signals such as pressure, displacement and the like to obtain the fuel injection rate, and has the advantages of high response speed, small measurement error and the like. The displacement method, the Bosch tube method and the Zeuch piezomagnetic method are widely used for collecting the oil injection rate curve. The displacement method converts the inertial force generated by the fuel striking the surface of the plunger into the fuel injection quantity with corresponding proportion, and further deduces the fuel injection rate curve. However, this measurement method requires high demands on the fit between the plunger sleeve and the plunger at high speed and high maintenance costs for the device. The Boschin long tube method utilizes the propagation speed of fuel pressure wave to represent the oil injection speed, has simple and convenient operation, but has higher requirement on the length of a pipeline and relatively lower measurement accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the existing fuel injection rate measuring instrument, the present invention provides a fuel injection rate measuring system and method based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method principle, which are used for collecting a complete fuel injection rate curve in an actual fuel injection process.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method comprises a first fuel tank, a first filter, an electric fuel pump, a high-pressure common rail, a fuel injector, a pressure gauge, a first ball valve, a manual pump, a second filter, a second fuel tank, a needle valve, a second ball valve, a pressure sensor, a charge amplifier, an oscilloscope, a signal generator and an upper computer; wherein,,
the oil injection rate measuring instrument comprises an oil injector adapting press block, a measuring instrument upper end cover and a measuring instrument main body, wherein the measuring instrument main body is provided with a hollow cavity with one end open, the oil injector adapting press block and the measuring instrument upper end cover are sequentially arranged on the end face of the open end from inside to outside, the oil injector is arranged at the center of the oil injector adapting press block, and the pressure sensor is arranged on the side wall of the measuring instrument main body and is communicated with the hollow cavity;
the oil outlet of the first oil tank is communicated with the oil inlet of the electric fuel pump through the first filter, the oil outlet of the electric fuel pump is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the oil return port of the first oil tank, the other path is communicated with the oil inlet of the high-pressure common rail, and the oil outlet of the high-pressure common rail is communicated with the oil inlet of the oil sprayer;
an oil outlet of the second oil tank is communicated with an oil inlet of the measuring instrument main body sequentially through the second filter, the manual pump, the first ball valve and the pressure gauge, and an oil outlet of the measuring instrument main body is communicated with an oil return port of the second oil tank sequentially through the second ball valve and the needle valve;
the output end of the pressure sensor is connected to the input end of the oscilloscope through the charge amplifier, the output end of the oscilloscope is connected to the input end of the upper computer, the output end of the upper computer is connected to the input end of the signal generator, and the output end of the signal generator is connected to the control ends respectively connected to the electric fuel pump, the high-pressure common rail and the fuel injector.
The invention is further improved in that the first oil tank and the second oil tank are both closed cuboids.
The invention is further improved in that the first filter adopts a fine filtration type diesel filter element.
The invention is further improved in that the second filter adopts a metal filter screen type filter element.
The invention is further improved in that the electric fuel pump is driven by a three-phase asynchronous motor.
The invention is further improved in that the manual pump is a rotary plunger manual pump.
The invention is further improved in that a red copper gasket and a fluororubber O-shaped ring are also arranged between the upper end cover of the measuring instrument and the main body of the measuring instrument.
The method for measuring the oil injection rate based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method is based on the oil injection rate measuring system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method, and comprises the following steps of:
the first step, the calibration process of the volume V of the measuring instrument is completed, and the specific steps are as follows: the whole measuring instrument is assembled completely, the second ball valve and the needle valve are closed, the first ball valve is opened, and the fuel oil is pumped into the cavity by using the manual pump; then closing the first ball valve, opening the second ball valve and the needle valve, and measuring the amount of fuel leaked from the container; disassembling the measuring instrument, sucking the fuel oil which is not discharged in the cavity and the fuel oil which is remained in the pipeline by using the medical injector, and accounting the total amount of the leaked fuel oil; repeating the above processes, and taking the arithmetic average value of the total actual fuel oil as the volume V of the measuring instrument;
secondly, setting a calibration process of single injection quantity under injection pressure, firstly loading an oil injector to the injection pressure set in an experiment, collecting the total injection quantity of at least 100 repeated injection with a measuring cylinder embedded with degreased cotton under the set injection pressure, and measuring and converting the total injection quantity by using a high-precision electronic balance to obtain injection quantity delta V and density rho of the single injection process;
thirdly, assembling a measuring instrument main body, connecting an accessory pipeline, starting a cavity pressurizing module, pumping fuel oil into the measuring instrument main body from a second oil tank through a second filter and a first ball valve by using a manual pump, after the number of the pressure gauge is higher than the local atmospheric pressure, filling the measuring instrument main body with the fuel oil to be measured, closing the first ball valve, opening the second ball valve and a needle valve, discharging residual air in the cavity from the cavity at first, continuously repeatedly performing the pressurizing and depressurizing operation on the cavity until the air in the cavity is completely discharged, and finally loading the fuel oil in the cavity to a preset pressure by using the manual pump;
starting a fuel injector pressurizing module, controlling the fuel quantity entering a plunger cavity by adjusting the duty ratio of a proportional valve of an electric fuel pump, stabilizing the fuel pressure of a high-pressure common rail near a preset pressure, closing a first ball valve and a second ball valve, checking whether the back pressure of a cavity is loaded to the set pressure, checking whether the pressure of the fuel injector is loaded to the set pressure, and transmitting a driving signal to the fuel injector by a signal generator according to preset injection conditions to finish the fuel injection operation, wherein the pressure is not more than +/-1% of a pressure set value;
step five, capturing a pressure signal curve in the cavity, setting acquisition parameters for a charge amplifier before acquiring a pressure electric signal, generating a weak current signal by a pressure sensor based on a piezoelectric effect, transmitting the weak current signal to the charge amplifier, capturing the weak current signal in a voltage signal form by an oscilloscope through proportional amplification, low-frequency filtering and current-voltage conversion operation, displaying the weak current signal on an oscilloscope screen, and acquiring a voltage signal waveform by taking a rising edge of the voltage signal as a signal starting end in a signal acquisition process, wherein a driving signal transmitted to an oil sprayer by a signal generator is used as a trigger signal;
step six, the post-processing step of the voltage signal waveform, namely, adjusting the setting parameters of the oscilloscope to completely display the voltage signal waveform on the oscilloscope, preliminarily judging whether the curve waveform is correct according to the initial setting value of the pulse width, and repeating the experiment once under the working condition to confirm if the actual pulse width is obviously larger or smaller; after the voltage curve is checked to be free, the curve data is transmitted to an upper computer through a transmission medium, a Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing algorithm and a first-order differential derivative algorithm which are built in the upper computer and used for self-programming and debugging are utilized to carry out smoothing filtering operation and first-order derivative operation on the curve, and a voltage waveform and a voltage derivative waveform which are corrected through post-processing are respectively obtained;
seventh step, actual bulk modulus E V Firstly, restoring the voltage waveform subjected to filtering and deriving in the fifth step into a pressure curve waveform in an actual cavity according to the amplification factor of a charge amplifier, a current-voltage conversion coefficient and a sensitivity coefficient of a piezoelectric pressure sensor, and substituting the three parameters into a formula (1) according to the container volume V measured in the first step, the single injection quantity delta V under the same injection pressure measured in the second step and the rising amplitude delta P measured from the pressure curve in the actual cavity to obtain a volume elastic modulus value E monitored in real time on site in the same environment V ；
The eighth step, in the calibration process of the actual oil injection rate delta V/delta t, firstly, the voltage derivative waveform obtained in the fifth step is reduced into the pressure curve derivative waveform delta P/delta t in the actual containing cavity according to the amplification factor of the charge amplifier, the current-voltage conversion coefficient and the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure sensor, and the actual volume elastic modulus E calibrated in the sixth step is measured according to the container volume V measured in the first step V Substituting the derivative delta P/delta t of the pressure curve into the formula (2) to obtain the actual oil injection rate delta V/delta t; if the actual fuel injection rate expressed in the mass flow form delta M/delta t is the same, multiplying the pressure curve expressed in the volume flow form delta V/delta t by the fuel density rho calibrated in the second step;
and ninth, pressure relief and pressurization operation and instrument maintenance method after single injection, opening a second ball valve and a needle valve to empty redundant liquid in the cavity after the single injection experiment is completed, closing the second ball valve and the needle valve after the liquid is discharged, opening a first ball valve, and loading the pressure in the cavity to the initial pressure by a manual pump again for next injection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention elaborates a test system capable of accurately measuring the fuel injection rate curves under different working conditions, designs and processes a fuel injection rate measuring instrument, and has the characteristics of high repeatability, small volume, convenient carrying and the like, and has small noise and good shock resistance in the use process.
The fuel injector part is designed with the adapter, and the external dimension and the sealing mode of the adapter can be designed and processed according to the actual structure of the fuel injector to be tested. Because the main structure of the measuring instrument does not need to be changed greatly, the cost can be saved, and the volume of the containing cavity is ensured not to be changed along with the change of the oil sprayer.
According to the measuring system, the fuel filter device is additionally arranged in front of the inlet of the oil pump in the fuel supply part (the fuel injector pressurizing module and the cavity pressurizing module), so that the cleanliness of fuel before entering the measuring instrument is ensured, the blockage of a fuel nozzle can be prevented, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.
The pipeline valve in the test system is connected in a clamping sleeve type connection and conical surface sealing mode, so that the reliability of pipeline connection is improved, and the disassembly and replacement of parts are facilitated. The measuring instrument and the pipeline are made of 316 stainless steel, and can be suitable for weak-corrosion acid-base fluid.
The invention is designed to have a special cooling water loop aiming at the first oil tank, and the cooling water loop can maintain the internal combustion oil in the first oil tank at a constant temperature because the plunger high-frequency compressed fuel oil in the electric fuel pump causes the temperature of the fuel oil to rise, so that the influence of the temperature rise of the fuel oil on the measurement of the oil injection rate is reduced.
The post-processing module of the invention adopts Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing algorithm to carry out smoothing filter processing on the pressure curve, and can eliminate the aperiodic oscillation of the measuring system in the experimental process.
The post-processing module processes the pressure curve by using a variable step length first-order differential derivative algorithm to obtain the pressure curve change rate, and can adjust the step length to optimize the pressure change rate curve according to specific working conditions such as pulse width, oil injection interval and other parameters.
Bulk modulus of elasticity E of the invention V The calibration process adopts a mode of combining the fuel injection quantity with the actual volume of the container under the actual working condition, utilizes the characteristic of incompressible fluid to accurately calibrate in real time, and eliminates the influence of the measurement environment and the fuel type on the calibration result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel injection rate measurement system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the assembly of the fuel injection rate meter of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: the device comprises a first oil tank, a first filter, a 3-electric fuel pump, a 4-high-pressure common rail, a 5-fuel injector, a 6-fuel injector adapting pressing block, a 7-measuring instrument upper end cover, an 8-pressure gauge, a 9-first ball valve, a 10-manual pump, a 11-second filter, a 12-second oil tank, a 13-needle valve, a 14-second ball valve, a 15-measuring instrument main body, a 16-pressure sensor, a 17-charge amplifier, an 18-oscilloscope, a 19-signal generator and a 20-upper computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method principle, which is used for accurately measuring fuel injection rate curves under different working conditions and has good response effects on different stages of a multi-injection process. The system comprises a complete test flow of generating an oil injection process of the oil injector, collecting a pressure electric signal caused by oil injection in the cavity, amplifying the pressure electric signal, converting voltage and current, filtering and differentiating the pressure electric signal by adopting a post-processing method, and calibrating and restoring the pressure electric signal into an oil injection signal according to experimental system parameters.
The main functional modules of the invention comprise an oil injection rate measuring instrument, an oil injector pressurizing module, a cavity pressurizing module, a pressure relief protecting module, a pressure signal acquisition module and a signal post-processing module. The oil injection rate measuring instrument is a whole set of measuring system main body part, the oil injection process is triggered by an oil injector 5 arranged at the top of the measuring instrument, and pressure fluctuation in the cavity is transmitted to the pressure signal acquisition module by a pressure sensor 16 communicated with the cavity; the fuel injector pressurizing module adopts a high-pressure common rail 4 electronic fuel injection system and is matched with a negative feedback regulating mechanism to supply stable oil pressure to the fuel injector 5; the cavity pressurizing module consists of a rotary plunger type manual pump 10 and a valve pipeline and is used for supplying rated initial pressure into the test cavity; the pressure relief protection module consists of a second ball valve 14 and a high-precision needle valve 13, and can adjust the pressure signal in the cavity to the rated initial pressure for carrying out a repeatability experiment; the pressure signal acquisition module adopts a piezoelectric pressure sensor 16 to convert tiny pressure change in the cavity into capacitor load current according to the equal proportion of the sensor sensitivity coefficient, and the capacitor load current is amplified in a linear proportion through a charge amplifier 17 and converted into a voltage signal; the signal post-processing module consists of an oscilloscope 18 and a lower computer PC, and is used for carrying out Savitzky-Golay filtering on a voltage-time curve recorded by the oscilloscope 18 on the lower computer 20 and adopting variable step length first-order differential derivation on time to obtain a pressure curve waveform with high repeatability and good reliability, so that the calibration experiment device can restore the pressure curve waveform into a corresponding oil injection rate curve.
According to the invention, the fuel is injected into a sealed rigid container filled with the fuel through the fuel injector, the proportional relationship between the rising pressure in the container and the injected fuel quantity can be pushed out according to the incompressible principle of the fuel, and then the pressure change curve is obtained through the pressure sensor, so that the fuel injection quantity and the fuel injection rate can be obtained. Assuming that the volume of the closed rigid container is V, the volume of injected fuel is DeltaV, and the elastic modulus of the fuel volume is E V The magnitude of the pressure rise in the closed vessel is Δp, and the quantitative relationship between the individual physical quantities can be characterized by the following equation:
the negative sign in the formula indicates that the pressure increases when the volume decreases, by measuring the pressureThe rising amplitude value delta P is combined with the actual volume V of the cavity and the fuel volume elastic modulus E under experimental working conditions V The injection amount Δv can be obtained.
Since the fuel oil tested by the experiment is usually mainly hydrocarbon mixtures such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and the like, different sources and processing technologies can have unpredictable effects on the physicochemical properties of the fuel oil mixture. Actual fuel bulk modulus E V The basic physical properties are affected by various factors such as fuel types, pressure, temperature, gas content and the like, so that it is difficult to measure accurate fuel volume elastic modulus values in advance by checking physical property tables or entrusting professional measuring institutions. The invention captures the accurate volume elastic modulus value by adopting a mode of on-site real-time monitoring under the same environment, and can simultaneously achieve the purposes of reducing system errors and reducing experimental cost.
Obtaining the oil injection rate of the oil injection system requires obtaining the following formula by taking the first derivative of the time of the left side and the right side of the formula (1):
dV/dt in the expression is the oil injection rate to be measured, and the fuel pressure rise rate dP/dt in the container and the fuel volume elastic modulus E are obtained V And the closed vessel volume V, the injection rate can be obtained from equation (2).
Specifically, the invention comprises the following components: the fuel tank comprises a first fuel tank 1, a first filter 2, an electric fuel pump 3, a high-pressure common rail 4, a fuel injector 5, a fuel injector adapting press block 6, a measuring instrument upper end cover 7, a pressure gauge 8, a first ball valve 9, a manual pump 10, a second filter 11, a second fuel tank 12, a needle valve 13, a second ball valve 14, a measuring instrument main body 15, a pressure sensor 16, a charge amplifier 17, an oscilloscope 18, a signal generator 19 and an upper computer 20.
In the invention, the first oil tank 1 and the second oil tank 12 are respectively experimental fluid storage tanks and are used for providing sufficient and stable test fuel for an experimental system, and the two oil tanks can be used in a crossed manner due to the similar application range. The oil tank adopts a fully-closed structure, so that the oil tank can be suitable for liquids with stronger volatility, such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and the like by being assisted with corresponding pressurizing and liquefying measures.
The invention adopts two different types of filters, the first filter 2 adopts a diesel filter element for the pressurizing module of the fuel injector, and the filter element can ensure that the fuel injector nozzle can not be blocked in the working process of the measuring system and is convenient to replace; the second filter 11 adopts a metal filter screen type filter element for the cavity pressurizing module, so that the oil pumping efficiency can be improved and the recycling can be realized.
The invention adopts different oil supply modes to respectively carry out pressurization operation on the fuel injector pressurization module and the cavity pressurization module. The fuel injector pressurizing module controls the duty ratio of the electric fuel pump 3 by utilizing a negative feedback PID control strategy to enable the internal combustion oil pressure of the high-pressure common rail 4 to be stabilized near a preset pressure; the cavity pressurizing module utilizes the rotary plunger manual pump 10 to load the cavity back pressure in the measuring instrument main body 15, and the slower pumping oil speed is beneficial to keeping the stable initial pressure in the cavity and avoiding larger pressure fluctuation in the cavity.
The measuring main body part of the invention is an oil injection rate measuring instrument and consists of an oil injector adapting pressing block 6, an upper end cover 7 of the measuring instrument and a main body 15 of the measuring instrument. The fuel injector adapting pressing block 6 can be designed and processed according to the external dimension of the fuel injector actually tested; an annular groove is formed in the upper end face of the measuring instrument main body 15, and the measuring instrument upper end cover 7 and the measuring instrument main body 15 form a reliable packing seal by using a fluororubber O-shaped ring. The base of the measuring instrument main body 15 is fixed on an experimental standard optical platform, so that the interference of system vibration on a pressure curve is reduced. The pressure sensor 16, the pressure gauge 8 and the second ball valve 14 are uniformly mounted in four different orientations of the gauge body 15.
The pressure signal acquisition module of the invention consists of a piezoelectric pressure sensor 16, a charge amplifier 17, an oscilloscope 18 and a signal generator 19. The signal generator 19 is a control center of the fuel injector pressurizing module, is responsible for outputting control signals to the electric fuel pump 3, the high-pressure common rail 4 and the fuel injector 5, and adjusts the pumping frequency of the electric fuel pump according to the real-time negative feedback signal of the pressure in the common rail so as to keep the pressure in the common rail stable. The injection process of the injector 5 is completed by the internal exciting coil, the armature and the internal needle valve. The oil injection signal from the signal generator 19 makes the exciting coil electrified and magnetic, attracts the armature and drives the needle valve inside the armature to move away from the spray hole, and at the moment, the high-pressure fuel inside the oil injector is rapidly sprayed out through the spray hole. The oscilloscope 18 receives the pressure signal profile output from the piezoelectric pressure sensor 16, amplifies the charge signal in a suitable ratio via the charge amplifier 17 and converts it into a voltage signal.
The signal post-processing module of the present invention is composed of an oscilloscope 18 and an upper computer 20. The voltage signal from the charge amplifier 17 is captured by an oscilloscope 18, digitally converted at a suitable sampling frequency, and finally stored in text form and transferred to an upper computer 20 via a storage medium. The upper computer 20 is internally provided with executable software which is self-written and debugged based on a Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing algorithm, so that smooth filtering operation can be carried out on a pressure curve, the smoothness of waveforms is improved, and the interference of noise is reduced. The upper computer is internally provided with executable software which is self-written and debugged based on a first-order differential derivative algorithm, and can select proper differential step length to conduct differential derivative operation on the filtered pressure curve so as to obtain a first-order differential signal of the pressure curve.
The invention provides a fuel injection rate measurement method based on a Zeuch piezomagnetic method principle, which comprises the following steps:
the first step of the experiment of the invention is to complete the calibration process of the volume V of the measuring instrument, and the specific steps are as follows: the whole measuring instrument is assembled completely, the second ball valve 14 and the needle valve 13 are closed, the first ball valve 9 is opened, and the cavity is filled with fuel by using the manual pump 10. The first ball valve 9 is then closed, the second ball valve 14 is opened, and the needle valve 13 is opened, and the amount of fuel leaking from the container is measured. And (3) detaching the measuring instrument, sucking the fuel oil which is not discharged in the cavity and the fuel oil which is remained in the pipeline by using the medical injector, and accounting the total amount of the leaked fuel oil. Repeating the above process for 10 times, and taking the arithmetic average value of the total actual fuel oil as the volume V of the measuring instrument;
the second step of the experiment is the calibration process of single injection quantity under the set injection pressure, firstly, the injector 5 is loaded to the set injection pressure, the total injection quantity of at least 100 repeated injections is collected by using a measuring cylinder embedded with degreased cotton under the set injection pressure, and the injection quantity DeltaV and the density rho of the single injection process are obtained through measurement and conversion by using a high-precision electronic balance (0.1 mg with the highest precision).
The third step of the experiment of the present invention is to assemble the meter body 15, connect the accessory line and activate the cavity pressurization module, and pump the fuel from the second fuel tank 12 through the second filter 11 and the first ball valve 9 into the meter body 15 by using the rotary plunger manual pump 10. After the indication of the pressure gauge 8 is higher than the local atmospheric pressure, the measuring instrument main body is filled with the fuel to be measured, the first ball valve 9 is closed, the second ball valve 14 and the needle valve 13 are opened, and residual air in the cavity is discharged out of the cavity first. And repeatedly pressurizing and depressurizing the containing cavity until the air in the containing cavity is completely exhausted, and finally loading the internal combustion oil in the containing cavity to the preset pressure by using a manual pump.
The fourth step of the experiment is to perform fuel injection operation, and the specific step is to start a fuel injector pressurizing module, control the fuel quantity entering a plunger cavity by adjusting the duty ratio of a proportional valve of the electric fuel pump 3, enable the fuel pressure of the high-pressure common rail 4 to be stabilized near the preset pressure, and close the first ball valve 9 and the second ball valve 14. Check if the cavity back pressure is loaded to the set pressure, check if the injector pressure is loaded to the set pressure, none of which should exceed ±1% of the pressure set point. The signal generator 17 transmits a driving signal to the injector 5 to perform a fuel injection operation according to a preset injection condition (e.g., a fuel injection pulse width, a plurality of injection intervals). After each injection event is completed, the negative feedback adjustment mechanism of the oil pump automatically increases the amount of fuel entering the high pressure common rail in a very short period of time to maintain the preset pressure. In the experimental process, the electric plunger pump has strong oil pumping capability and large fuel heating value, so the first oil tank 1 is provided with a cooling water loop to eliminate the influence of temperature rise caused by plunger compression of fuel on the physical properties of the fuel.
The fifth step in the experiment of the present invention is to capture the pressure signal profile in the chamber. Before the pressure electric signal is collected, suitable collection parameters (such as the measuring range, sensitivity coefficient, bandpass frequency, amplification factor, etc.) of the charge amplifier 17 need to be set. The piezoelectric sensor generates weak current signals based on the piezoelectric effect, transmits the weak current signals to the charge amplifier 17, and is captured by the oscilloscope 18 in the form of voltage signals through operations such as proportional amplification, low-frequency filtering, current-voltage conversion and the like and displayed on an oscilloscope screen. In the signal acquisition process, a driving signal transmitted to the fuel injector 5 by the signal generator 19 is used as a trigger signal, and a rising edge of a voltage signal is used as a signal starting end to acquire a voltage signal waveform.
The sixth step of the experiment of the invention is the post-processing step of the voltage signal waveform. The voltage signal waveform is completely displayed on the oscilloscope by adjusting the setting parameters of the oscilloscope 18, whether the curve waveform is correct or not is preliminarily judged according to the initial setting value of the pulse width, and if the actual pulse width is obviously larger or smaller, the experiment needs to be repeated once under the working condition so as to be confirmed. After the voltage curve is checked, the curve data is transmitted to the upper computer 20 through a transmission medium, and the curve is subjected to smoothing filtering operation and first derivative operation by utilizing a Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing algorithm and a first derivative algorithm which are built in the upper computer 20 and are self-written and debugged, so that a post-processing corrected voltage waveform and a post-processing corrected voltage derivative waveform are respectively obtained.
The seventh step of the experiment of the invention is the actual bulk modulus E V Is used for the calibration process of the (a). Firstly, the voltage waveform subjected to filtering and deriving processing in the fifth step is restored into a pressure curve waveform in the actual cavity according to parameters such as the amplification factor of the charge amplifier 17, the current-voltage conversion coefficient, the sensitivity coefficient of the piezoelectric pressure sensor 16 and the like. According to the container volume V measured in the first step, the single injection quantity DeltaV under the same injection pressure measured in the second step and the rising amplitude DeltaP measured from the pressure curve in the actual container cavity, three parameters are substituted into the formula (1), so as to obtain the volume elastic modulus value E monitored in real time on site in the same environment V 。
The eighth step of the experiment is the calibration process of the actual oil injection rate delta V/delta t. First, the voltage derivative waveform obtained in the fifth step is electrically controlled according to the amplification factor of the charge amplifier 17Parameters such as the conversion coefficient of the current voltage and the sensitivity coefficient of the piezoelectric pressure sensor 16 are restored to the derivative waveform deltap/deltat of the pressure curve in the actual cavity. Based on the measured volume V of the container in the first step, the actual bulk modulus E calibrated in the sixth step V The actual fuel injection rate DeltaV/Deltat can be obtained by substituting the derivative DeltaP/Deltat of the pressure curve into the formula (2). If an actual injection rate in terms of mass flow ΔM/Δt is desired, it is only necessary to multiply the pressure curve in terms of volumetric flow ΔV/Δt by the fuel density ρ as defined in the second step.
The ninth step of the experiment is the pressure relief and pressurization operation after single injection and the instrument maintenance method. After the single injection experiment is completed, the second ball valve 14 and the needle valve 13 are required to be opened to empty redundant liquid in the cavity, after the liquid is discharged, the second ball valve 14 and the needle valve 13 are required to be closed, the first ball valve 9 is opened, and the pressure in the cavity is loaded to the initial pressure by the manual pump 10 again for the next injection. After all experimental operations are completed, the measuring instrument assembly is detached, then the inner wall surface of the cavity and the connecting pipeline are wetted and cleaned by using organic solvents such as acetone or ethanol, and the volatilization process of the organic solvents such as acetone is accelerated by utilizing nitrogen flow.
Claims (8)
1. The fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method is characterized by comprising a first fuel tank (1), a first filter (2), an electric fuel pump (3), a high-pressure common rail (4), a fuel injector (5), a pressure gauge (8), a first ball valve (9), a manual pump (10), a second filter (11), a second fuel tank (12), a needle valve (13), a second ball valve (14), a pressure sensor (16), a charge amplifier (17), an oscilloscope (18), a signal generator (19) and an upper computer (20); wherein,,
the oil injection rate measuring instrument comprises an oil injector adapting press block (6), a measuring instrument upper end cover (7) and a measuring instrument main body (15), wherein the measuring instrument main body (15) is provided with a hollow cavity with one end open, the oil injector adapting press block (6) and the measuring instrument upper end cover (7) are sequentially arranged on the end face of the open end from inside to outside, the oil injector (5) is arranged at the center of the oil injector adapting press block (6), and the pressure sensor (16) is arranged on the side wall of the measuring instrument main body (15) and is communicated with the hollow cavity;
an oil outlet of the first oil tank (1) is communicated with an oil inlet of the electric fuel pump (3) through the first filter (2), the oil outlet of the electric fuel pump (3) is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with an oil return port of the first oil tank (1), the other path is communicated with an oil inlet of the high-pressure common rail (4), and the oil outlet of the high-pressure common rail (4) is communicated with an oil inlet of the oil injector (5);
an oil outlet of the second oil tank (12) is communicated with an oil inlet of the measuring instrument main body (15) through the second filter (11), the manual pump (10), the first ball valve (9) and the pressure gauge (8), and an oil outlet of the measuring instrument main body (15) is communicated with an oil return port of the second oil tank (12) through the second ball valve (14) and the needle valve (13);
the output end of the pressure sensor (16) is connected to the input end of an oscilloscope (18) through a charge amplifier (17), the output end of the oscilloscope (18) is connected to the input end of an upper computer (20), the output end of the upper computer (20) is connected to the input end of a signal generator (19), and the output end of the signal generator (19) is respectively connected to the control ends of an electric fuel pump (3), a high-pressure common rail (4) and an oil injector (5).
2. A fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fuel tank (1) and the second fuel tank (12) are each in the form of a closed cuboid.
3. A fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first filter (2) is a fine filter type diesel filter element.
4. A fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second filter (11) is a metal screen type filter element.
5. A fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric fuel pump (3) is driven by a three-phase asynchronous motor.
6. A fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method according to claim 1, characterized in that the manual pump (10) is a rotary plunger manual pump.
7. The fuel injection rate measurement system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method according to claim 1, wherein a red copper gasket and a fluororubber O-ring are further arranged between the upper end cover (7) of the measuring instrument and the main body (15) of the measuring instrument.
8. A method for measuring the fuel injection rate based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method, characterized in that it is based on a fuel injection rate measuring system based on the Zeuch piezomagnetic method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
the first step, the calibration process of the volume V of the measuring instrument is completed, and the specific steps are as follows: the whole measuring instrument is assembled completely, the second ball valve (14) and the needle valve (13) are closed, the first ball valve (9) is opened, and the manual pump (10) is utilized to pump the fuel oil in the cavity; then closing the first ball valve (9), opening the second ball valve (14) and the needle valve (13), and measuring the total amount of fuel leaked from the container; disassembling the measuring instrument, sucking the fuel oil which is not discharged in the cavity and the fuel oil which is remained in the pipeline by using the medical injector, and accounting the total amount of the leaked fuel oil; repeating the above processes, and taking the arithmetic average value of the total actual fuel oil as the volume V of the measuring instrument;
secondly, setting a calibration process of single injection quantity under injection pressure, firstly loading an oil injector (5) to the injection pressure set in an experiment, collecting the total injection quantity of at least 100 repeated injection with a measuring cylinder embedded with defatted cotton under the set injection pressure, and measuring and converting the total injection quantity by using a high-precision electronic balance to obtain injection quantity delta V and density rho of the single injection process;
thirdly, assembling a measuring instrument main body (15), connecting an accessory pipeline and starting a cavity pressurizing module, pumping fuel oil into the measuring instrument main body (15) from a second oil tank (12) through a second filter (11) and a first ball valve (9) by using a manual pump (10), after the indication of a pressure gauge (8) is higher than the local atmospheric pressure, filling the measuring instrument main body (15) with the fuel oil to be measured, closing the first ball valve (9), opening the second ball valve (14) and a needle valve (13), discharging residual air in the cavity from the cavity, continuously performing pressurizing and depressurizing operation on the cavity repeatedly until the air in the cavity is completely exhausted, and finally loading the fuel oil in the cavity to the preset pressure by using the manual pump (10);
the fourth step, carry on the fuel injection operation, the concrete step is to start the pressurization module of the fuel injector, control the fuel amount entering the plunger cavity through adjusting the duty ratio of the proportional valve of the electric fuel pump (3), make the internal-combustion oil pressure of the high-pressure common rail (4) stabilize near the preset pressure, and close the first ball valve (9) and second ball valve (14), check the back pressure of the holding cavity to load to the preset pressure, check whether the fuel injector pressure is loaded to the preset pressure, holding cavity back pressure and fuel injector pressure are not exceeding + -1% of the pressure set point, transmit the driving signal to the fuel injector (5) to finish the fuel injection operation by the signal generator (19) according to the injection condition of the presettinging;
step five, capturing a pressure signal curve in the cavity, setting acquisition parameters for a charge amplifier (17) before acquiring a pressure electric signal, transmitting a weak current signal generated by a pressure sensor (16) based on a piezoelectric effect to the charge amplifier (17), capturing the weak current signal in a voltage signal form by an oscilloscope (18) through proportional amplification, low-frequency filtering and current-voltage conversion operation, displaying the weak current signal on a screen of the oscilloscope (18), and acquiring a voltage signal waveform by taking a rising edge of the voltage signal as a signal starting end in a signal acquisition process, wherein a driving signal transmitted by a signal generator (19) to an oil sprayer (5) is used as a trigger signal;
step six, the post-processing step of the voltage signal waveform, namely, adjusting the setting parameters of the oscilloscope (18) to completely display the voltage signal waveform on the oscilloscope (18), preliminarily judging whether the curve waveform is correct according to the initial setting value of the pulse width, and repeating the experiment once under the working condition to confirm if the actual pulse width is obviously larger or smaller; after the voltage curve is checked to be free, the curve data is transmitted to an upper computer (20) through a transmission medium, the curve is subjected to smoothing filtering operation and first-order derivative operation by utilizing a Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing algorithm and a first-order derivative algorithm which are built in the upper computer (20) and are self-written and debugged, and a post-processing corrected voltage waveform and a post-processing corrected voltage derivative waveform are respectively obtained;
seventh step, actual bulk modulus E V Firstly, restoring the voltage waveform subjected to filtering and deriving processing in the sixth step into a pressure curve waveform in an actual cavity according to the amplification factor of a charge amplifier (17), a current-voltage conversion coefficient and a sensitivity coefficient of a piezoelectric pressure sensor (16), and substituting the three parameters into a formula (1) according to the measuring instrument volume V measured in the first step, the single injection quantity delta V under the same injection pressure measured in the second step and the rising amplitude delta P measured from the pressure curve in the actual cavity to obtain the actual bulk modulus E monitored in real time on site under the same environment V ；
Eighth, in the calibration process of actual oil injection rate DeltaV/Deltat, firstly, the voltage derivative waveform obtained in the sixth step is reduced into pressure curve derivative waveform DeltaP/Deltat in the actual cavity according to the amplification factor of the charge amplifier (17), the current-voltage conversion coefficient and the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure sensor (16), and the actual volume elastic modulus E calibrated in the seventh step is measured according to the measuring instrument volume V measured in the first step V Substituting the pressure curve derivative waveform delta P/delta t into the formula (2) to obtain the actual oil injection rate delta V/delta t; if the actual oil injection rate expressed by the mass flow form delta M/delta t is obtained, multiplying the actual oil injection rate expressed by the volume flow form delta V/delta t by the fuel density rho calibrated in the second step;
and ninth, pressure relief and pressurization operation and instrument maintenance method after single injection, opening a second ball valve (14) and a needle valve (13) to empty redundant liquid in the cavity after the single injection experiment is completed, closing the second ball valve (14) and the needle valve (13) after the liquid is discharged, opening a first ball valve (9), and loading the pressure in the cavity to the initial pressure by using a manual pump (10) again for next injection.
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| CN110082253B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2021-10-01 | 北京工业大学 | Method for identifying fuel density on line according to pressure wave period |
| CN110261261B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-05-23 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Fuel density measuring method and device and related application method and device |
| CN111042969A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-21 | 西安交通大学 | Test device for measuring flash boiling spray |
| CN111946519A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Oil injection rule testing device based on ringing method sound velocity correction |
| CN112683853B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-11-19 | 西安交通大学 | Quantitative test system for liquid phase fuel equivalence ratio of spray section |
| CN113565659A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 河北华北柴油机有限责任公司 | Reliability assessment method for manual fuel pump |
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| DE10249754A1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2004-05-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for measuring the injection rate of a liquid injection valve |
| CN101571090B (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2010-09-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Fuel injection rule measuring device of diesel engine and measuring method thereof |
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