CN109066750A - Photovoltaic based on Demand Side Response-battery micro-capacitance sensor mixed tensor schedule management method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic based on Demand Side Response-battery micro-capacitance sensor mixed tensor schedule management method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H02J3/385—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic based on Demand Side Response-battery micro-capacitance sensor mixed tensor schedule management method, comprising: 1) design the photovoltaic electric current equivalent-circuit model of photovoltaic generating system；2) photovoltaic generating system maximum work output rating model is established；……；5) the total economic well-being of workers and staff model of photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system is established；6) photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR model is established；7) establish following energy strategies for arrangement and management, control in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system by lithium battery group at energy storage battery unit switch between following state.The present invention has fully considered the seasonal characteristics of user load and photovoltaic electric power source, by photovoltaic-battery micro-capacitance sensor energy strategies for arrangement and management by the way of two kinds of strategy mixing, give full play to the effect of energy-storage system, realize two kinds of real-time seamless switchings of strategy, while reaching its economic benefit of raising, the reliability and the feature of environmental protection of system have been taken into account.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microgrid energy schedule management method more particularly to a kind of mixed tensors based on Demand Side Response
Schedule management method.
Background technique
Although engineering popularization and application of distributed micro-grid system itself can largely alleviate environment and energy danger
Machine, but as its permeability in network system is gradually increased, the adverse effect caused by major network is also further obvious.Due to dividing
Cloth electric power source (wind-power electricity generation, photovoltaic power generation etc.) is affected by external (wind speed, illumination, temperature etc.), and output power is deposited
In very big fluctuation, power grid power supply reliability is undoubtedly affected after grid-connected, increases the complexity of electric energy management and running.In order to
The undesirable element for reducing micro-grid system, is added energy-storage system into main method to solve this problem in micro-grid system,
And it is used widely.But due to the high cost characteristics of energy-storage system, while the economy problems of micro-grid system are also brought,
The size of stored energy capacitance is the major parameter for influencing energy-storage system unit economy, therefore in design microgrid energy management and running
When scheme, stored energy capacitance, which is distributed rationally, becomes problems faced of having to.
It is more that distributed generation resource (is guaranteed most with micro-capacitance sensor permeability when designing microgrid energy schedule management method
High-power output) and user's power loss rate (power supply reliability) be main optimization object and research contents.But the engineering of micro-capacitance sensor
Popularization and application, for community's house micro-grid system, in the case that micro-capacitance sensor power supply reliability is guaranteed, economy because
Element is to influence commercialization and further universal principal element, therefore should fully consider the outer of the economical operation for influencing micro-capacitance sensor
Portion's market environment and natural environment.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photovoltaic based on Demand Side Response-battery micro-capacitance sensor mixing energy
Schedule management method is measured, to solve battery energy storage capacity optimization allocation in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system, and realizes and is filling
On the basis of dividing the internal and external factors for considering to influence micro-capacitance sensor economical operation and guaranteeing power supply reliability and the feature of environmental protection, improve
The economic benefit of micro-capacitance sensor.
The present invention is based on the photovoltaic of Demand Side Response-battery micro-capacitance sensor mixed tensor schedule management methods, including following step
It is rapid:
1) the photovoltaic electric current equivalent-circuit model for designing photovoltaic generating system is as follows:
In formula: IPHFor photovoltaic electric current, unit A；I0For diode model reverse saturation current, unit A；A is ideal
Parameter factors；RshFor shunt resistance, unit Ω；RsFor series resistance, unit Ω；IPVFor simulation photovoltaic system power supply electricity
Stream, VPVTo simulate photovoltaic system power supply voltage；
2) it is as follows to establish photovoltaic generating system maximum work output rating model:
PPV, mpp=max (VPV, IPV) (2)
3) battery of photovoltaic generating system uses lithium ion battery, under the state-of-charge for considering lithium ion battery, builds
Equation relationship between the voltage and electric current of vertical battery is as follows:
In formula: V is the voltage of lithium ion battery, unit V；E0For the open-circuit voltage of lithium ion battery, unit V；K is
Polarize constant, unit V/Ah；Q is the capacity of lithium ion battery；∫ it is accumulative charge capacity；A is exponential region amplitude, single
Position is V；I is the electric current of lithium ion battery；i*For filter current；R is internal resistance；B is the inverse of exponential region time constant；
4) with the service life of standard charge and discharge number measuring and calculating lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery charge and discharge number and charge and discharge depth
Relationship between degree is as follows:
In formula: N is lithium ion battery charge and discharge number, and DOD indicates that lithium ion battery depth of discharge, c, m, d are to pass through
It is fitted determining parameter；
According to the standard of depth of discharge, the side of the service life cycle relationship of charge and discharge number and lithium ion battery is established
Journey:
In formula: NstFor the detection cycle-index under standard conditions；NredThe charge and discharge number of lithium ion battery in unit year；
DODiFor lithium ion battery depth of discharge in i-th cycle charge-discharge；DODstFor the depth of discharge under Standard Test Conditions；
RjValue is periodicity, general value 0.5 and 1；
Cycle-index is calculated into gained LcycleWith product standard service life LcalIt is compared, to guarantee system power supply reliability,
The lithium ion battery service life takes its small value:
L=min (Lcycle, Lcal) (7)
5) the total economic well-being of workers and staff model R of photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system is establishedyAre as follows:
Ry=REX, y+RER, y+RPS, y (8)
Wherein: RER, yIt is to be reduced by the access of photovoltaic, battery energy storage electric power source from power grid power purchase, bring economic well-being of workers and staff；M is hourage in unit year, and M set value as 8760 hours in 1 year；ELR, tIt is
State market guidance；PL, tFor t moment user load, PGim, tFor the electricity of t moment power grid output；
REX, yIt is photovoltaic-obtainable economic well-being of workers and staff of battery system output electricity,PGex, tFor t
Moment power grid buys electricity；ELW, tIt is unit quantity of electricity wholesale dynamic electricity price in real time, i.e., photovoltaic-battery system is by additional electrical energy to electricity
The electricity price that net is sold；
RPS, yIt is by the battery energy storage system in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system according to market guidance and user load need
It asks, carries out peak value and adjust the economic well-being of workers and staff obtained, RPS, y=(max (PL, t)-max(PGim, t))·GFPS, GFPSFor unit electricity
Every year because peak value adjusts the economic well-being of workers and staff obtained；
PGim, tAnd PGex, tConstraint condition it is as follows:
PG, tIt is power grid to photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system exchange power is positive value when power grid is transmitted electricity to micro-capacitance sensor,
When micro-capacitance sensor is to power grid sale of electricity, for negative value；
6) photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR model is established:
In formula: CinvFor system Construction cost of investment；CMai, yFor operation expense, CRep, yTo replace cost；RyFor system
Total revenue；drFor discount rate；T refers to the standard service life of photovoltaic system, and T's set value as 25 years；Wherein:
Cinv=UICbattery·CAPbattery+UICPV·CAPPV (12)
In formula: UICbatteryFor unit battery capacity cost；CAPbatteryFor battery energy storage capacity；UICPVFor unit photovoltaic
Capacity Cost；CAPPVFor photovoltaic electric power source capacity；
Wherein, in system Life cycle, since the service life of battery system is lower than the service life of photovoltaic system,
Therefore there is displacement cost in battery system, and displacement expense is consistent with battery system cost of investment；In addition photovoltaic-battery micro-capacitance sensor
There is also operation expenses for system, and it is constant to set annual operation expense, it may be assumed that
CRep, y=UICbattery·CAPbattery·rRep, battery+UICPV·CAPPV·rRep, PV (13)
In formula: rRep, batteryFor in Life cycle, battery energy storage system operation and maintenance parameter factors；rRep, PVTo give birth to entirely
It orders in the period, photovoltaic system operation and maintenance parameter factors；
The model of highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR is as follows:
M is hourage in unit year, and M set value as 8760 hours in 1 year；
To the model solution of above-mentioned highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR, Pareto optimal solution is found out；
7) establish following energy strategies for arrangement and management, control in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system by lithium battery group at storage
Energy battery unit switches between following state:
1. during the cold season, as T < Ts∩ T > TeWhen, energy storage battery unit switches between following three kinds of states:
Situation 1:PNet, t≥PHWhen, battery is with PHSize is discharged, constraint condition are as follows:
PB, t≥PH,
0≤PB, t≤PMdisc, t；
Situation 2:PNet, t≤PLWhen, energy storage battery unit is in state-of-charge P in micro-capacitance sensorMchart≤PB, t≤ 0, be simultaneously
The economy for guaranteeing user load electricity consumption, at this moment needs to meet PG, t≤PH；Furthermore according to the function of DC bus and ac bus
Rate exchanges situation, is divided into two kinds of situations of following A, B:
A、PB, t+PPV, t>=0:
Photovoltaic electric power source system is charged in addition to carrying out to battery, also undertakes bearing power, i.e. power is shifted from DC bus
To ac bus, i.e. system meets power condition: (PB, t+PPV, t)·ηinv=PL, t-PG, t；
B、PB, t+PPV, t< 0:
In addition to photovoltaic system is all charged to battery progress, and power grid fills battery also by straight ac bus
Electricity, i.e. power are transferred to DC bus from ac bus, i.e. system meets power condition: PB, t+PPV, t=(PL, t-PG, t)·
ηinv；
Situation 3:PL< PNet, t< PHWhen, photovoltaic system and power grid meet load, and power flows to exchange mother from DC bus
Line, battery system is in the not discharge condition that do not charge also in micro-capacitance sensor, i.e. system meets power condition: PB, t=0, PPV, t·
ηnv=PL, t-PG, t；
TsAnd TeThe starting point and end point of traditional microgrid energy management and running strategy are respectively referred to, in other words TsAnd Te
Respectively refer to the end point and starting point of the energy management and running strategy based on Demand Side Response；
T indicates the time shaft of system operation, any time；
PNet, tIndicate the net output power of major network, PNet, t=PL, t-PPV, t·ηinv, photovoltaic electric power source is removed in system directly to be supplied
The remaining load of electricity；
PHFor for determining the reference upper level value of the charging and discharging state of energy storage battery unit in micro-capacitance sensor；
PLFor for determining the reference lower limit value of the charging and discharging state of energy storage battery unit in micro-capacitance sensor；
PL, tFor the bearing power of user power utilization demand；
PPV, tFor the output power of photovoltaic electric power source system；
PG, tIt is exchange power of the power grid to micro-grid system, when power grid is transmitted electricity to micro-capacitance sensor, is positive value, works as micro-capacitance sensor
It is negative value to power grid sale of electricity；
PB, tIt is the charged power of energy storage battery unit, when energy storage battery unit is in discharge condition, is positive value, works as storage
It is negative value when battery unit is in charged state；
ηinvIndicate the inverter transformation efficiency between DC bus and ac bus, access value is 0.95；
PMdisc, tIndicate minimum value when battery is in discharge condition, i.e. lower limit value；
PMchar, tIndicate maximum value when battery is in charged state, i.e. upper limit value；
2. working as T in warm seasons≤T≤TeWhen, using conventional energy strategies for arrangement and management, there are following two feelings
Condition:
I, photovoltaic system output power meets load
When photovoltaic system output power meets user load demand, i.e.,When, at lithium-ions battery
In state-of-charge, after battery is full of, additional power is with this area's market trend electricity price ELW, tIt is transported to power grid, receives master
The energy of net is dispatched；
II, photovoltaic system output power are not able to satisfy load, i.e.,When, and divide following two situation:
1) photovoltaic-battery energy storage micro-grid system is in off-grid operation state: at this moment photovoltaic system is unsatisfactory for user load
The part of demand compensates power supply by lithium ion battery cells, that is, is in discharge condition, and by photovoltaic system and battery system
System meets user load demand.
2) photovoltaic-battery energy storage micro-grid system is in grid-connected state: at this moment photovoltaic system is unsatisfactory for user load
The part of demand compensates power supply by lithium ion battery cells, and is not still able to satisfy user load with maximum power power supply
Demand, at this moment system is from major network with kiowatt retail market electricity price ELR, tCarry out power purchase.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention is based on the photovoltaic of Demand Side Response-battery micro-capacitance sensor mixed tensor schedule management methods, fully consider
Photovoltaic-battery micro-capacitance sensor energy strategies for arrangement and management is used two by the seasonal characteristics of user load and photovoltaic electric power source
The mode of kind strategy mixing, gives full play to the effect of energy-storage system, realizes two kinds of real-time seamless switchings of strategy, reaches its warp of raising
While benefit of helping, the reliability and the feature of environmental protection of system have been taken into account.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic-battery energy storage micro-capacitance sensor general system set-up figure；
Fig. 2 is single diode model figure of photovoltaic system；
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit diagram of Li-ion battery model；
Relationship of the Fig. 4 between accumulator cell charging and discharging number and depth of discharge；
Fig. 5 is the flow diagram of micro-capacitance sensor multiobjective Dynamic Optimization scheduling；
Fig. 6 is the mixed tensor management and running strategy SSR-NPV relational graph based on Demand Side Response；
Fig. 7 is the mixed tensor management and running strategic process schematic diagram based on Demand Side Response；
Fig. 8 is net power P under the mixed tensor management and running based on Demand Side ResponseNet, tWith Ts、TeParameter-relation chart；
Fig. 9 is the lower system SSR-NPV relational graph of battery price cost decline 50%；
Figure 10 is the mixed tensor strategies for arrangement and management CAP based on Demand Side Responsebattery- NPV relational graph；
Figure 11 is that the mixed tensor strategies for arrangement and management and conventional energy manage and dispatch strategy based on Demand Side Response compare
Figure；
Figure 12 is conventional energy management and running strategic process schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown, photovoltaic of the present embodiment based on Demand Side Response-battery micro-capacitance sensor mixed tensor schedule management method,
The following steps are included:
1) the photovoltaic electric current equivalent-circuit model of photovoltaic generating system is designed.The output power of photovoltaic generating system mainly takes
Certainly in intensity of illumination and temperature, as shown in Fig. 2, the photovoltaic electric current equivalent model used in the present embodiment is single diode model,
It is specific as follows:
In formula: IPHFor photovoltaic electric current, unit A；I0For diode model reverse saturation current, unit A；A is ideal
Parameter factors；RshFor shunt resistance, unit Ω；RsFor series resistance, unit Ω.IPVFor simulation photovoltaic system power supply electricity
Stream, VPVTo simulate photovoltaic system power supply voltage.
2) it is as follows to establish photovoltaic generating system maximum work output rating model:
PPV, mpp=max (VPV, IPV) (2)
Use MPPT maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) to guarantee photovoltaic generating system maximum power output, in the present embodiment
Choose photovoltaic module model No.is STP255-20/Wd, peak power output 255KW, photovoltaic module parameter such as 1 institute of table
It states.
Characterization parameter in 1 photovoltaic list diode model of table
3) battery of photovoltaic generating system uses lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery energy storage system is using improvement
Shepherd model establishes the equation relationship between the voltage of battery and electric current under the state-of-charge for considering lithium ion battery
As follows, equivalent circuit is illustrated in fig. 3 shown below.
In formula: V is the voltage of lithium ion battery, unit V；E0For the open-circuit voltage of lithium ion battery, unit V；K is
Polarize constant, unit V/Ah；Q is the capacity of lithium ion battery；∫ it is accumulative charge capacity；A is exponential region amplitude, single
Position is V；I is the electric current of lithium ion battery；i*For filter current；R is internal resistance；B is the inverse of exponential region time constant.
In addition, lithium ion battery relevant parameter is summarized as follows shown in table 2.
2 Li-ion battery model parameter list of table
4) with the service life of standard charge and discharge number measuring and calculating lithium ion battery, the relationship between battery life and depth of discharge
It is illustrated in fig. 4 shown below, the relationship between lithium ion battery charge and discharge number and depth of discharge is as follows:
In formula: N is lithium ion battery charge and discharge number, and DOD indicates that lithium ion battery depth of discharge, c, m, d are to pass through
It is fitted determining parameter；
According to the standard of depth of discharge, the side of the service life cycle relationship of charge and discharge number and lithium ion battery is established
Journey:
In formula: NstFor the detection cycle-index under standard conditions；NredThe charge and discharge number of lithium ion battery in unit year；
DODiFor lithium ion battery depth of discharge in i-th cycle charge-discharge；DODstFor the depth of discharge under Standard Test Conditions；
RiValue is periodicity, general value 0.5 and 1；
Cycle-index is calculated into gained LcycleWith product standard service life LcalIt is compared, to guarantee system power supply reliability,
The lithium ion battery service life takes its small value:
L=min (Lcycle, Lcal) (7)
5) the total economic well-being of workers and staff model R of photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system is establishedyAre as follows:
Ry=REX, y+RER, y+RPS, y (8)
Wherein: RER, yIt is to be reduced by the access of photovoltaic, battery energy storage electric power source from power grid power purchase, bring economic well-being of workers and staff,M is hourage in 1 year, and taking M=8760 in the present embodiment, (365 days 1 year multiplied by daily
It is equal to 8760 hours within 24 hours)；ELR, tIt is dynamic markets electricity price；PL, tFor t moment user load power, PGim, tFor t moment electricity
Net the electricity of output；
REX, yIt is photovoltaic-obtainable economic well-being of workers and staff of battery system output electricity,PGex, tFor t
Moment power grid buys electricity；
RPS, yIt is by the battery energy storage system in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system according to market guidance and user load need
It asks, carries out peak value and adjust the economic well-being of workers and staff obtained, RPS, y=(max (PL, t)-max(PGim, t))·GFPS, GFPSFor unit electricity
Every year because peak value adjusts the economic well-being of workers and staff obtained；
PGim, tAnd PGex, tConstraint condition it is as follows:
6) photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR model is established:
In formula: CinvFor system Construction cost of investment；CMai, yFor operation expense, CRep, yTo replace cost；RyFor system
Total revenue；drFor discount rate；T refers to the service life of photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module of existing national Specification uses the longevity
Life is T=25, and certainly according to the change of national standard, the standard service life of photovoltaic module can also be other values.
It is as shown in table 3 below about the cost parameter of photovoltaic system and battery system in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system.
Each module cost of 3 photovoltaics of table-battery micro-grid system
Cost parameter shown in table 3 includes the installation and operation maintenance cost of the components such as inverter, controller.That is photovoltaic-
All components cost is all contained in battery system or photovoltaic system in battery micro-grid system, therefore photovoltaic-battery system
Totle drilling cost is equal to battery system cost plus photovoltaic system cost, calculates as shown in formula (12):
Cinv=UICbattery·CAPbattery+UICPV·CAPPV (12)
In formula: UICbatteryFor unit battery capacity cost；CAPbatteryFor battery energy storage capacity；UICPVFor unit photovoltaic
Capacity Cost；CAPPVFor photovoltaic electric power source capacity.
Wherein, in system Life cycle, battery system exists and is replaced as since the service life is lower than photovoltaic life cycle
This, displacement expense is consistent with battery system cost of investment.Otherwise for the calculating of operation expense, here for convenient for meter
It calculates, it is constant to set annual operation expense, it may be assumed that
CRep, y=UICbattery·CAPbattery·rRep, battery+UICPV·CAPPV·rRep, PV (13)
In formula: rRep, batteryFor in Life cycle, battery energy storage system operation and maintenance parameter factors；rRep, PVTo give birth to entirely
It orders in the period, photovoltaic system operation and maintenance parameter factors.
Degree of self-sufficiency SSR indicates the ratio of micro-capacitance sensor power supply in custom power demand, and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR is as follows:
To the model solution of above-mentioned highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR, Pareto optimal solution is found out.This reality
Apply in example specifically using based on non-dominated ranking multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest from
It is solved to the model of rate SSR, global optimization tool box of the genetic algorithm from MATLAB, according to solution efficiency and solution
Precision is as shown in table 4 below to the parameter configuration of algorithm.
4 multi-objective genetic algorithm parameter configuration table of table
7) two kinds of energy strategies for arrangement and management for being respectively suitable for cold season and warm season are established, by applying battery
Energy-storage system compensates user load and powers, and reduces user load from power grid high price power purchase and meets " peak value " power demand, compensation
System is because of the increased cost of energy-storage system so that system obtains additional economic income, control in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system by
Lithium battery group at energy storage battery unit switch between following state:
1. (T < T during the cold seasons∩ T > Te), energy storage battery unit switches between following three kinds of states:
Situation 1:PNet, t≥PHWhen, battery is as far as possible with PHSize is discharged, constraint condition are as follows:
PB, t≥PH, 0≤PB, t≤PMdisc, t；
Situation 2:PNet, t≤PLWhen, energy storage battery unit is in state-of-charge P in micro-capacitance sensorMchart≤PB, t≤ 0, be simultaneously
The economy for guaranteeing user load electricity consumption, at this moment needs to meet PG, t≤PH；Furthermore according to the function of DC bus and ac bus
Rate exchanges situation, is divided into two kinds of situations of following A, B:
A、PB, t+PPV, t>=0:
Photovoltaic electric power source system is charged in addition to carrying out to battery, also undertakes bearing power, i.e. power is shifted from DC bus
To ac bus, i.e. system meets power condition: (PB, t+PPV, t)·ηinv=PL, t-PG, t；
B、PB, t+PPV, t< 0:
In addition to photovoltaic system is all charged to battery progress, and power grid fills battery also by straight ac bus
Electricity, i.e. power are transferred to DC bus from ac bus, i.e. system meets power condition: PB, t+PPV, t=(PL, t-PG, t)·
ηinv；
Situation 3:PL< PNet, t< PHWhen, photovoltaic system and power grid meet load, and power flows to exchange mother from DC bus
Line, battery system is in the not discharge condition that do not charge also in micro-capacitance sensor, i.e. system meets power condition: PB, t=0, PPV, t·
ηnv=PL, t-PG, t；
TsAnd TeThe starting point and end point of traditional microgrid energy management and running strategy are respectively referred to, in other words TsAnd Te
Respectively refer to the end point and starting point of the energy management and running strategy based on Demand Side Response；
T indicates the time shaft of system operation, any time；
PNet, tIndicate the net output power of major network, PNet, t=PL, t-PPV, t·ηinv, photovoltaic electric power source is removed in system directly to be supplied
The remaining load of electricity；
For in TsAnd TeExcept time range, photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system uses the energy tune based on Demand Side Response
When spending operation reserve, for the charging and discharging state for determining battery energy storage system in micro-capacitance sensor, also need to introduce two parameters: PHWith
PL；Two bound parameter reference values；
PL, tFor the bearing power of user power utilization demand；
PPV, tFor the output power of photovoltaic electric power source system；
PG, tIt is exchange power of the power grid to micro-grid system, when power grid is transmitted electricity to micro-capacitance sensor, is positive value, works as micro-capacitance sensor
It is negative value to power grid sale of electricity；
PB, tIt is the charged power of energy storage battery unit, when energy storage battery unit is in discharge condition, is positive value, works as storage
It is negative value when battery unit is in charged state；
ηinvIndicate the inverter transformation efficiency between DC bus and ac bus, access value is 0.95；
PMdisc, tIndicate minimum value when battery is in discharge condition, i.e. lower limit value；
PMchar, tIndicate maximum value when battery is in charged state, i.e. upper limit value；
2. working as T in warm seasons≤T≤TeWhen, using conventional energy strategies for arrangement and management, there are following two feelings
Condition:
I, photovoltaic system output power meets load
When photovoltaic system output power meets user load demand, i.e.,When, at lithium-ions battery
In state-of-charge, after battery is full of, additional power is with this area's market trend electricity price ELW, tIt is transported to power grid, receives master
The energy of net is dispatched；
II, photovoltaic system output power are not able to satisfy load, i.e.,When, and divide following two situation:
1) photovoltaic-battery energy storage micro-grid system is in off-grid operation state: at this moment photovoltaic system is unsatisfactory for user load
The part of demand compensates power supply by lithium ion battery cells, that is, is in discharge condition, and by photovoltaic system and battery system
System meets user load demand.
2) photovoltaic-battery energy storage micro-grid system is in grid-connected state: at this moment photovoltaic system is unsatisfactory for user load
The part of demand compensates power supply by lithium ion battery cells, and is not still able to satisfy user load with maximum power power supply
Demand, at this moment system is from major network with kiowatt retail market electricity price ELR, tCarry out power purchase.
5 two kinds of energy strategies for arrangement and management combined application Operational Timelines of table
Table 6 is based on cell operating status and constraint condition under the energy strategies for arrangement and management of Demand Side Response
In the present embodiment, photovoltaic generating system maximum work is defeated in photovoltaic electric current equivalent-circuit model and step 2) in step 1)
Extracting rate model is related to the P in energy strategies for arrangement and managementPV, t(PPV, tFor the output power of photovoltaic system) with guarantee system without punishing
In which kind of state, photovoltaic system guarantees maximum power output all in maximal power tracing state of a control；Light is established in step 3
Equation relationship between the voltage and electric current of the battery of photovoltaic generating system is related to PChar, t；P in Fig. 7Char, tIndicate battery list
The state-of-charge of member, PDisc, tIndicate the discharge condition of secondary battery unit；Lithium ion is calculated with standard charge and discharge number in step 4
The service life of battery, the lithium ion battery service life value as shown in table 3 calculated are 15 years, are less than the photovoltaic system service life 25 years, are
It unites with 25 years as life cycle, therefore lithium ion battery needs to calculate displacement cost (CRep, yTo replace cost), for calculating system
The income (NPV) of system；Step 6) establishes photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR mould
Type is two target function models for expressing the energy management and running strategy based on Demand Side Response.
Fig. 7 is the energy management and running strategic process schematic diagram based on dynamic wholesale market value, illustrates control photovoltaic-electricity
The process relationship that energy storage battery unit switches between several working conditions in the micro-grid system of pond.System is with t-1 battery status
SOCt-1, bearing power PL, tWith photovoltaic power PPV, tAs the input of system, lithium ion battery is calculated by power relation between supply and demand
Energy-storage system charge-discharge electric power, in conjunction with decision variable TS、TeAnd PH、PIRelationship, several working conditions of system are carried out seamless
Switching, with the working condition P of lithium ion battery energy storage system and power gridB, tAnd PG, tDetermine total system operating scheme.Wherein, nothing
Require to reduce user as far as possible from power grid power purchase by arbitrary operational state, i.e. min (| PG, t|), so that micro-grid system obtains
Obtain maximum economic benefit (NPV takes maximum)；Equally no matter arbitrary operational state requires to reduce user as far as possible from power grid
Power purchase, i.e. min (| PG, t|), increase the power supply ratio for meeting micro-grid system in user load demand, i.e. system obtains highest
The degree of self-sufficiency (SSR takes highest).
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this
In the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of photovoltaic based on Demand Side Response-battery micro-capacitance sensor mixed tensor schedule management method, it is characterised in that: including
Following steps:
1) the photovoltaic electric current equivalent-circuit model for designing photovoltaic generating system is as follows:
In formula: IPHFor photovoltaic electric current, unit A；I0For diode model reverse saturation current stream, unit A；A is ideal ginseng
The number factor；RshFor shunt resistance, unit Ω；RsFor series resistance, unit Ω；IPVTo simulate photovoltaic system power supply electric current,
VPVTo simulate photovoltaic system power supply voltage；
2) it is as follows to establish photovoltaic generating system maximum work output rating model:
PPV, mpp=max (VPV, IPV) (2)
3) battery of photovoltaic generating system uses lithium ion battery, under the state-of-charge for considering lithium ion battery, establishes electricity
Equation relationship between the voltage and electric current in pond is as follows:
In formula: V is the voltage of lithium ion battery, unit V；E0For the open-circuit voltage of lithium ion battery, unit V；K is polarization
Constant, unit V/Ah；Q is the capacity of lithium ion battery；∫ it is accumulative charge capacity；A is exponential region amplitude, and unit is
V；I is the electric current of lithium ion battery；i*For filter current；R is internal resistance；B is the inverse of exponential region time constant；
4) with the service life of standard charge and discharge number measuring and calculating lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery charge and discharge number and depth of discharge it
Between relationship it is as follows:
In formula: N is lithium ion battery charge and discharge number, and DOD indicates that lithium ion battery depth of discharge, c, m, d are to pass through fitting
Determining parameter.
According to the standard of depth of discharge, the equation of the service life cycle relationship of charge and discharge number and lithium ion battery is established:
In formula: NstFor the detection cycle-index under standard conditions；NredThe charge and discharge number of lithium ion battery in unit year；DODi
For lithium ion battery depth of discharge in i-th cycle charge-discharge；DODstFor the depth of discharge under Standard Test Conditions；RiIt takes
Value is periodicity, general value 0.5 and 1；
Cycle-index is calculated into gained LcycleWith product standard service life LcalBe compared, for guarantee system power supply reliability, lithium from
Sub- battery life takes its small value:
L=min (Lcycle, Lcal) (7)
5) the total economic well-being of workers and staff model R of photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system is establishedyAre as follows:
Ry=REX, y+RER, y+RPS, y (8)
Wherein: RER, yIt is to be reduced by the access of photovoltaic, battery energy storage electric power source from power grid power purchase, bring economic well-being of workers and staff；M is hourage in unit year, and M set value as 8760 hours in 1 year；ELR, tIt is
State market guidance；PL, tFor t moment user load, PGim, tFor the electricity of t moment power grid output；
REX, yIt is photovoltaic-obtainable economic well-being of workers and staff of battery system output electricity,PGex, tFor t moment electricity
Online shopping enters electricity；ELW, tIt is unit quantity of electricity wholesale dynamic electricity price in real time, i.e. photovoltaic-battery system sells additional electrical energy to power grid
Electricity price；
RPS, yIt is to be carried out by the battery energy storage system in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system according to market guidance and user load demand
Peak value adjusts the economic well-being of workers and staff obtained, RPS, y=(max (PL, t)-max(PGim, t))·GFPS, GFPSIt is unit electricity every year because of peak
Value adjusts the economic well-being of workers and staff obtained；
PGim, tAnd PGex, tConstraint condition it is as follows:
PG, tIt is power grid to photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system exchange power is positive value, when micro- when power grid is transmitted electricity to micro-capacitance sensor
Power grid is negative value to power grid sale of electricity；
6) photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR model is established:
In formula: CinvFor system Construction cost of investment；CMai, yFor operation expense, CRep, yTo replace cost；RyIt is always received for system
Benefit；drFor discount rate；T refers to the standard service life of photovoltaic system, and T's set value as 25 years；Wherein:
Cinv=UICbattery·CAPbattery+UICPV·CAPPV (12)
In formula: UICbatteryFor unit battery capacity cost；CAPbatteryFor battery energy storage capacity；UICPVFor unit photovoltaic capacity
Cost；CAPPVFor photovoltaic electric power source capacity；
Wherein, in system Life cycle, since the service life of battery system is lower than the service life of photovoltaic system,
There is displacement cost in battery system, displacement expense is consistent with battery system cost of investment；In addition photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system
There is also operation expenses, and it is constant to set annual operation expense, it may be assumed that
CRep, y=UICbattery·CAPbattery·rRep, battery+UICPV·CAPPV·rRep, PV (13)
In formula: rRep, batteryFor in Life cycle, battery energy storage system operation and maintenance parameter factors；rRep, PVFor full Life Cycle
In phase, photovoltaic system operation and maintenance parameter factors；
The model of highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR is as follows:
M is hourage in unit year, and M set value as 8760 hours in 1 year；
To the model solution of above-mentioned highest economic well-being of workers and staff NPV and highest degree of self-sufficiency SSR, Pareto optimal solution is found out；
7) establish following energy strategies for arrangement and management, control in photovoltaic-battery micro-grid system by lithium battery group at accumulation of energy electricity
Pool unit switches between following state:
1. during the cold season, as T < Ts∩ T > TeWhen, energy storage battery unit switches between following three kinds of states:
Situation 1:PNet, t≥PHWhen, battery is with PHSize is discharged, constraint condition are as follows:
PG, t≥PH,
0≤PB, t≤PMdisc, t；
Situation 2:PNet, t≤PLWhen, energy storage battery unit is in state-of-charge P in micro-capacitance sensorMchart≤PB, t≤ 0, while in order to protect
The economy for demonstrate,proving user load electricity consumption, at this moment needs to meet PG, t≤PH；It is handed over furthermore according to the power of DC bus and ac bus
Situation is changed, two kinds of situations of following A, B are divided into:
A、PB, t+PPV, t>=0:
Photovoltaic electric power source system is charged in addition to carrying out to battery, also undertakes bearing power, i.e. power shifts best friend from DC bus
Bus is flowed, i.e. system meets power condition: (PB, t+PPV, t)·ηinv=PL, t-PG, t；
B、PB, t+PPV, t< 0:
In addition to photovoltaic system is all charged to battery progress, and power grid is charged the battery also by straight ac bus, i.e.,
Power is transferred to DC bus from ac bus, i.e. system meets power condition:
PB, t+PPV, t=(PL, t-PG, t)·ηinv；
Situation 3:PL< PNet, t< PHWhen, photovoltaic system and power grid meet load, and power flows to ac bus from DC bus, micro-
Energy storage battery unit is in the not discharge condition that do not charge also in power grid, i.e. system meets power condition: PB, t=0, PPV, t·ηnv=
PL, t-PG, t；
TsAnd TeThe starting point and end point of traditional microgrid energy management and running strategy are respectively referred to, in other words TsAnd TeIt respectively refers to
The end point and starting point of energy management and running strategy based on Demand Side Response；
T indicates the time shaft of system operation, any time；
PNet, tIndicate the net output power of major network, PNet, t=PL, t-PPV, t·ηinv, remove what photovoltaic electric power source directly powered in system
Remaining load；
PHFor for determining the reference upper level value of the charging and discharging state of energy storage battery unit in micro-capacitance sensor；
PLFor for determining the reference lower limit value of the charging and discharging state of energy storage battery unit in micro-capacitance sensor；
PL, tFor the bearing power of user power utilization demand；
PPV, tFor the output power of photovoltaic electric power source system；
PGtIt is exchange power of the power grid to micro-grid system, is positive value when power grid is transmitted electricity to micro-capacitance sensor, when micro-capacitance sensor is to power grid
Sale of electricity is negative value；
PB, tIt is the charged power of energy storage battery unit, when energy storage battery unit is in discharge condition, is positive value, works as battery
It is negative value when unit is in charged state；
ηinvIndicate the inverter transformation efficiency between DC bus and ac bus, access value is 0.95；
PMdisc, tIndicate minimum value when battery is in discharge condition, i.e. lower limit value；
PMchar, tIndicate maximum value when battery is in charged state, i.e. upper limit value；
2. working as T in warm seasons≤T≤TeWhen, it is specific as follows using conventional energy strategies for arrangement and management:
I, photovoltaic system output power meets load
When photovoltaic system output power meets user load demand, i.e.,When, lithium-ions battery is in charged
State, after battery is full of, additional power is with this area's market trend electricity price ELW, tIt is transported to power grid, receives the energy of major network
Amount scheduling；
II, photovoltaic system output power are not able to satisfy load, i.e.,When, and divide following two situation:
1) photovoltaic-battery energy storage micro-grid system is in off-grid operation state: at this moment photovoltaic system is unsatisfactory for user load demand
Part compensate power supply by lithium ion battery cells, that is, be in discharge condition, and expired by photovoltaic system and battery system
Sufficient user load demand.
2) photovoltaic-battery energy storage micro-grid system is in grid-connected state: at this moment photovoltaic system is unsatisfactory for user load demand
Part compensate power supply by lithium ion battery cells, and user load be not able to satisfy still with maximum power power supply need
It asks, at this moment system is from major network with kiowatt retail market electricity price ELR, tCarry out power purchase.
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