CN109063224A - A kind of karst watershed coupling hydrological model prediction technique - Google Patents
A kind of karst watershed coupling hydrological model prediction technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of karst watersheds to couple hydrological model prediction technique, it is simple to establish coupling hydrological model method, the coupling hydrological model of foundation, both analog earth's surface flood hydrograph, the multiple water-bearing media flood water-break attenuation process of digital simulation ground water regime can be passed through again, the coupling of karst area surface and ground water amount is realized to calculate, it can simulation karst area pore media very well, fissuted medium, small pipeline, big pipeline, the segmented Decline law of the multiple Karst aquifer medium such as underground river, realization forecast with unerring accuracy karst area torrential rain when underground river flood fail, with bigger flood forecasting application value；The heterogeneity of conventional numeric analogy method height on space structure is overcome, and deficiency when input spatially has the karst area of inhomogeneities and dispersibility to use, the problem of with bad adaptability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrology Watershed Hydrologic Models water prediction technology fields, and in particular to a kind of karst watershed
Couple hydrological model prediction technique.
Background technique
Pole inhomogeneity of the karst watershed due to its special aqueous system structure and water-bearing media, the hydrology characteristics of motion
It is different from general basin.It has been investigated that the Underground river system of karst area Southwest China and earth's surface river have the characteristics that it is many similar；
It is mainly manifested in the karst structure (net) on the one hand constituting Underground river system and surface drainage network is very similar, another party
Face Underground river system responds rainfall and size rapid, it may have earth's surface river discharge is big, flow velocity is fast, than dropping the spies such as big
Point, and multisection type curve, corresponding multiple Karst aquifer medium feature, subterranean stream and earth's surface is presented in Karst Springs flux depression curve
Sometimes often shape is integrated, mutually converts between water, collectively forms local river system network.
In data deficiencies and it is not easy to the karst areas of collecting data data, not to be provided with for karst water system water yield
The monitoring or prediction data of effect are not easy to construct in karst area.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the embodiment provides one kind can monitor meter prediction rock in data-deficiency region
The method for building up of molten its basin of area coupling hydrological model and its application.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment provides a kind of karst watersheds to couple hydrological model prediction side
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) information acquired according to remote sensing, GIS-Geographic Information System, global positioning system in karst region, downloading vector are contour
Line makes the digital elevation model in karst region basin, and is handled obtained model to obtain the original base in karst area basin
Plinth data；
(2) obtained original base data are established into Topmodel model, and inputs topographic index, rainfall data, evaporation
Data calculate the total amount that surface water enters underground water；
(3) using the flow in high-resolution flow monitoring device monitoring karst area basin, identify that the karst in basin is aqueous
Dielectric attribute, and multiple Karst aquifer medium tank model is established, subsurface drainage basin crack/pipeline is calculated by the tank model
Outflow constant value；
(4) according to obtain surface water supply, subsurface drainage basin crack/pipeline outflow constant value, utilization is above-mentioned
Topmodel model, Tank Model coupling simulate to obtain preliminary coupling hydrological model, after obtaining correction after to parameter calibration
Coupling hydrological model；
(5) obtained coupling hydrological model is applied to the rainfall flood conditional curve in simulation karst region basin, predicts rock
Molten area underground river flood discharge.
Compared with the relevant technologies, the technical solution that the embodiment of the present invention provides has the benefit that of the invention
Karst watershed couples method for building up and its application of hydrological model, and foundation coupling hydrological model method is simple, the coupling water of foundation
Literary model, not only analog earth's surface flood hydrograph, but also the multiple water-bearing media flood of digital simulation ground water regime can be passed through
Water water-break attenuation process realizes the coupling of karst area surface and ground water amount and calculates, can fine simulation karst area hole
The segmented Decline law of the multiple Karst aquifer mediums such as gap medium, fissuted medium, small pipeline, big pipeline, underground river, it is accurate to realize
Forecast that underground river flood fails when the torrential rain of karst area, has bigger flood forecasting application value in ground.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the coupling hydrological model method for building up flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flux depression curve and stepwise schematic views of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the compound rectangular weir flow monitoring station structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the physical concept schematic diagram for the coupling hydrological model that the embodiment of the present invention is established；
Fig. 5 is the gulf Kong Jia of embodiment of the present invention sub-basin digital elevation model figure；
Fig. 6 is sub-basin topographic index distribution map of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the gulf Kong Jia of embodiment of the present invention sub-basin flood discharge process simulation curve graph；
Wherein: compound rectangle flow weir 21, monitoring device 22, drilling water level monitoring station 3, left side weir body 4, right side weir body 5,
Substrate 6, compound rectangle crest of weir 7, first layer thin-walled crest of weir 71, the second layer are laid bricks crest of weir 72, stainless steel plate 73, water level monitoring device
Hole 8, stainless steel tube 81, aperture 82.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is further described.
Embodiment one
Referring to FIG. 1, the embodiment provides a kind of karst watershed coupling hydrological model prediction techniques, including with
Lower step:
(1) the geographical relief information and figure acquired in karst region according to remote sensing, GIS-Geographic Information System, global positioning system
Picture obtains corresponding vector contour according to the information of acquisition and image procossing, makes karst region basin according to vector contour
Digital elevation model, and obtained digital elevation model is handled to obtain the original base data in karst area basin；
It in karst region, is manually not easy to acquire geographical situational information, be acquired using remote sensing, GIS-Geographic Information System, global positioning system
Geographical relief information and image improve the accuracy of acquisition information, reduce labor intensity；
The original base data include topographic index data, topographic index probability distribution curve；
(2) obtained original base data are established into Topmodel model, and inputs topographic index, rainfall data, evaporation
Data calculate the total amount Q that surface water enters underground waterq；Wherein rainfall data, evaporation data are obtained according to the data of weather monitoring；
(3) using the flow in high-resolution flow monitoring device monitoring karst area basin, identify that the karst in basin is aqueous
Dielectric attribute, and multiple Karst aquifer medium tank model is established, subsurface drainage basin crack/pipeline is calculated by the tank model
Outflow constant；
The Karst aquifer medium feature passes through the attenuation coefficient α identification in underground river flux depression equation (1)；
Wherein: degradation period any time-t；Decay start time-t0；Corresponding flow-the Q of t momentt；t0Moment is corresponding
Flow-Q0；Attenuation coefficient-α；
Obtain attenuation coefficient equation (2) are as follows:
Wherein, the range of α is n × 10-1~n × 10-4；
Referring to attached drawing 2, due to the height heterogeneity of Karst aquifer medium, according to attenuation factor value by the decaying of karst water
Dynamic Decomposition is several decaying sections, judges karst water streamflow regime；
AB sections: curve is steeper, and α value is larger, in n × 10-1~n × 10-2Between, show various to let out at flux depression initial stage
The summation of aquaporin, but water is mainly from the rapid drainage of large-scale karst and underground underground river or cave, subsurface flow
Fast big, flux depression is fast, and the duration is shorter, and only several days to more than ten days, turbulent condition was often presented in water flow；
BC sections: curvilinear slope is slowed down compared with AB sections, and α value also accordingly reduces, generally in n × 10-2~n × 10-3Between；
Show accordingly reflect it is limited from the water of large-scale karst and cave, Major excretion be karstification big crack and its
The water of his solution cavity fissure system allows the section to keep longer attenuation trend since flux depression speed reduces；
CD sections: the gradient becomes more slow, and α value is also smaller, mostly in n × 10-3~n × 10-4Between, show Groundwater
The power gradient slows down significantly, based on laminar flow, mainly excretion tiny crack, crack in layer, the water storage in joint；Due to excretion speed
Degree further slows down, thus the extended period is longer than preceding two sub- dynamics；
DE sections: curve tends to be horizontal, and α value is minimum, generally n × 10-4The order of magnitude is even more small, is equivalent to more stable row
Let out the water riddled in tiny crack system and cavern filling object hole；
Referring to attached drawing 3, wherein flow Q is obtained by the compound rectangle flow monitoring station monitoring data of karst region；Specifically
Ground, the compound rectangular weir flow monitoring station include compound rectangle flow weir 21 and monitoring device 22, the compound rectangle flow
Weir 21 includes left side weir body 4, right side weir body 5 and substrate 6, and left side weir body 4 and right side weir body 5 are symmetrical structure, the left side
Side weir body 4 includes close to the rectangular configuration of stream bank and in stepped rectangular configuration；Left side weir body 4,5 and of right side weir body
Substrate 6 forms compound rectangle crest of weir 7, and the monitoring device 22 is located at the upstream of the compound rectangle crest of weir 7；The monitoring device
22 monitoring step-length is 5min, and the precision of water level monitoring is 1mm, is obtained by the SEA LEVEL VARIATION of the monitoring on compound rectangle flow weir 21
Water flow, rainfall product data information to Drainage Systems at different levels；
The upstream of the compound rectangle crest of weir 7 has dug water level monitoring device hole 8, buries in the water level monitoring device hole 8
If stainless steel tube 81, it is uniformly arranged aperture 82 on the pipe shaft of the stainless steel tube 81, the prison is installed in the stainless steel tube 81
Survey device 22；The outer diameter of the stainless steel tube 81 is 5cm, wall thickness 4mm；
The compound rectangle crest of weir 7 includes that first layer thin-walled crest of weir 71, the second layer are laid bricks crest of weir 72, the first layer thin-walled
Crest of weir 71 is fabricated to thin-walled crest of weir using stainless steel plate 73；The stainless steel plate with a thickness of 3mm~5mm；The second layer is built
Brick crest of weir 72 with a thickness of 9cm~11cm；
Flow is according to the relationship between water level before the weir on the compound rectangle flow weir 21 and maximum weir crest height using not
Same calculation；Water level calculates flow using formula (3) less than maximum weir crest height before the weir, and water level is big before the weir
Flow is calculated using formula (4) in maximum weir crest height；
Wherein, Q is flow, and unit is per cubic meter per second；M is discharge coefficient；B1For the first layer thin-walled crest of weir 71
Width, unit is rice；B2It lays bricks the width of crest of weir 72 for the second layer, unit is rice；G is acceleration of gravity；H is before weir
Water level, unit are rice；P1High for the 71 corresponding upstream the little Yan bank of first layer thin-walled crest of weir, unit is rice；h1For maximum weir crest
Highly, unit is rice；P2Laying bricks for the second layer, the 72 corresponding upstream great Yan bank of crest of weir is high, and unit is rice；
The flow value monitored by the compound rectangle flow weir is calculated secretly by formula (3) or formula (4)
River flow attenuation coefficient, the i.e. pipeline of subsurface drainage basin/crack outflow constant value；
(4) meteorological data is counted, underground water inventory Q is entered according to obtained surface waterq, subsurface drainage basin pipeline/crack
The meteorological data of outflow constant value and statistics obtains preliminary coupling using above-mentioned Topmodel model, tank model coupled simulation
Close hydrological model, the coupling hydrological model after being corrected after to parameter calibration；
Specifically, rainfall, the rainfall intensity data for counting karst region basin, obtain the convergence latency in each basin,
Parameter calibration is carried out to Topmodel model, flux depression rule, the karst water of flood period is obtained according to rainfall, rainfall intensity
System water-bearing media feature and each water space proportion carry out calibration to the outflow constant of the tank model, and by rate
Parameter after fixed inputs the coupling hydrological model after being corrected in the coupling hydrological model；
Using underground underground river or flux depression tracing analysis water-bearing layer water space property and its respectively account for total moisture storage capacity
Ratio；
By dV=-Qtdt (5)
(6) V=0 as t=0
Therefore
If attenuation curve is to should be the sum of its integral, each Asia dynamic pondage (V by several sub- dynamic superpositionsi) right
Total pondage (V0) percentage are as follows:
Obtain the coupling hydrological model are as follows:
Qq=S* ξ * z (13)
Wherein, QAlwaysFor underground underground river flow simulation value, QqEnter underground water inventory for surface water；S is drainage area coefficient；
Z is water level parameters；ξ is Watershed Scale parameter；α1For minute fissure/hole outflow constant；z1For aqueous Jie of minute fissure/hole
Matter spatial volume number parameter；α2For crack/small pipeline outflow constant；z2For crack/small pipeline water-bearing media spatial volume quantity
Parameter；α3For big pipeline/underground river outflow constant；z3For big pipeline/underground river water-bearing media spatial volume number parameter.The basin
Area coefficient S, Watershed Scale parameter ξ, minute fissure/aqueous porous medium spatial volume number parameter z1, crack/small pipeline contains
Aqueous medium spatial volume number parameter z2, big pipeline/underground river water-bearing media spatial volume number parameter z3Pass through monitoring and statistics number
According to acquisition.
The coupling Hydro-Model Parameter Calibration Technology that the embodiment of the present invention is established is less to be easy to calculate, with hydrological model in the related technology
Or traditional method for numerical simulation compares, and overcomes conventional numeric analogy method heterogeneity of height, sky on space structure
Between on deficiency when using of inhomogeneities and the karst area of dispersibility and the problem of bad adaptability, be more suitable for the hydrology
The research area that monitoring materials lack；Labor intensity and economic cost are significantly reduced in Forecasting Flood forecasting process；It will build
Vertical coupling hydrological model be applied to karst area, simulate karst area underground river flood discharge, present well pore media,
The segmented Decline law of the multiple Karst aquifer mediums such as fissuted medium, small pipeline, big pipeline, underground river, so that in prediction
Underground river flood Decline law is more accurate when the torrential rain of karst area, has bigger flood forecasting application value.
(5) obtained coupling hydrological model is applied to the rainfall flood conditional curve in simulation karst region basin, predicts rock
Molten area underground river flood discharge.
Embodiment two
Referring to attached drawing 5~7, hydrological model prediction technique, the landform in device to hole man gulf area are coupled according to embodiments of the present invention
Landforms acquire information and image, obtain digital elevation model figure and topographic index scatter chart；According to the correlation being calculated
It is bent to obtain the gulf Kong Jia sub-basin flood discharge process simulation using above-mentioned coupling hydrological model for data, statistical data and monitoring data
The flood discharge of line chart pre- gaging hole man gulf sub-basin.
Herein, the nouns of locality such as related front, rear, top, and bottom are to be located in figure with components in attached drawing and zero
Part mutual position defines, only for the purpose of expressing the technical solution clearly and conveniently.It should be appreciated that the noun of locality
Use should not limit the claimed range of the application.
In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment herein-above set forth can be combined with each other.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of karst watershed couples hydrological model prediction technique, characterized in that the following steps are included:
(1) geographical geomorphology information and image are acquired in karst region according to remote sensing, GIS-Geographic Information System, global positioning system, according to
The information and image procossing of acquisition obtain corresponding vector contour, and the number for making karst region basin according to vector contour is high
Journey model, and obtained digital elevation model is handled to obtain the original base data in karst area basin；
(2) obtained original base data are established into Topmodel model, and inputs topographic index, rainfall data, evaporation data
Calculate the total amount Q that surface water enters underground waterq；
(3) using the flow in high-resolution flow monitoring device monitoring karst area basin, the Karst aquifer medium in basin is identified
Feature, and multiple Karst aquifer medium tank model is established, subsurface drainage basin crack/pipeline is calculated by the tank model and is gone out
Flow coefficient value；
(4) meteorological data is counted, underground water inventory Q is entered according to obtained surface waterq, subsurface drainage basin crack/pipeline go out flow system
The meteorological data of numerical value and statistics obtains the preliminary coupling hydrology using above-mentioned Topmodel model, tank model coupled simulation
Model, the coupling hydrological model after being corrected after parameter calibration；
(5) obtained coupling hydrological model is applied to the rainfall flood conditional curve in simulation karst region basin, predicts karst region
Area underground river flood discharge.
2. a kind of karst watershed according to claim 1 couples hydrological model prediction technique, characterized in that the step
(1) in, the original base data include topographic index data, topographic index probability distribution curve.
3. a kind of karst watershed according to claim 1 couples hydrological model prediction technique, characterized in that the step
(3) in, the Karst aquifer medium feature passes through the attenuation coefficient α identification in underground river flux depression equation (1)；
Wherein: degradation period any time-t；Decay start time-t0；Corresponding flow-the Q of t momentt；t0Moment flows accordingly
Amount-Q0；Attenuation coefficient-α；
Obtain attenuation coefficient equation (2) are as follows:
Wherein, the range of α is n × 10-1~n × 10-4。
4. a kind of karst watershed according to claim 3 couples hydrological model prediction technique, characterized in that the flow Q
It is obtained by the compound rectangle flow monitoring station monitoring data of karst region；The compound rectangular weir flow monitoring station includes compound square
Shape flow weir and monitoring device, the compound rectangle flow weir include left side weir body, right side weir body and substrate, left side weir body
It is symmetrical structure with right side weir body, left side weir body includes close to the rectangular configuration of stream bank and in stepped rectangle knot
Structure；Left side weir body, right side weir body and substrate form compound rectangle crest of weir, and the monitoring device is located at the compound rectangular weir
The upstream of mouth；The compound rectangle crest of weir includes that first layer thin-walled crest of weir, the second layer are laid bricks crest of weir；
Flow Q uses different meters according to the relationship between water level before the weir on the compound rectangle flow weir and maximum weir crest height
Calculation mode；Water level calculates flow using formula (3) less than maximum weir crest height before the weir, and water level is greater than maximum before the weir
Weir crest height calculates flow using formula (4)；
Wherein, Q is flow, and unit is per cubic meter per second；M is discharge coefficient；B1For the width of the first layer thin-walled crest of weir 71
Degree, unit is rice；B2It lays bricks the width of crest of weir 72 for the second layer, unit is rice；G is acceleration of gravity；H is weir Qian Shui
Position, unit is rice；P1High for the 71 corresponding upstream the little Yan bank of first layer thin-walled crest of weir, unit is rice；h1It is high for maximum weir crest
Degree, unit is rice；P2Laying bricks for the second layer, the 72 corresponding upstream great Yan bank of crest of weir is high, and unit is rice.
5. a kind of karst watershed according to claim 3 couples hydrological model prediction technique, characterized in that the step
(4) in, rainfall, the rainfall intensity data in karst region basin is counted, the convergence latency in each basin are obtained, to Topmodel
Model carries out parameter calibration, obtains flux depression rule, aqueous Jie of karst water system of flood period according to rainfall, rainfall intensity
Matter feature and each water space proportion carry out calibration to the outflow constant of the tank model, and by the parameter after calibration
Coupling hydrological model after being corrected in the preliminary coupling hydrological model of input.
6. a kind of karst watershed according to claim 5 couples hydrological model prediction technique, characterized in that the step
(4) the coupling hydrological model in, after correction are as follows:
Qq=S* ξ * z
Wherein, QAlwaysFor underground underground river flow simulation value, QqEnter underground water inventory for surface water；Z is tank model water level parameters；ξ
For Watershed Scale parameter；α1For minute fissure/hole outflow constant；z1For minute fissure/aqueous porous medium spatial volume quantity
Parameter；α2For crack/small pipeline outflow constant；z2For crack/small pipeline water-bearing media spatial volume number parameter；α3To manage greatly
Road/underground river outflow constant；z3For big pipeline/underground river water-bearing media spatial volume number parameter.
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| CN111460686A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Atmospheric, land and hydrological three-way coupling method |
| CN114674880A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-28 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Device for simulating migration-diffusion process of pollutants between karsts |
| CN114692471A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-01 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Karst groundwater system flow network simulation method |
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| CN111460686A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Atmospheric, land and hydrological three-way coupling method |
| CN114674880A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-28 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Device for simulating migration-diffusion process of pollutants between karsts |
| CN114692471A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-01 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Karst groundwater system flow network simulation method |
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