CN109061478A - A method of it is tested using EIS and carries out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting - Google Patents
A method of it is tested using EIS and carries out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 45
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods tested using EIS and carry out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting.The scheme of lithium ion battery accelerated ageing has been determined first: under the conditions of 45-60 DEG C of temperature, charge and discharge cycles being carried out to battery core using the circulation standard of 0.3-2C charging, 0.3-2C electric discharge.After charge and discharge cycles, battery core is put into constant temperature in 35-42 DEG C of insulating box and handles 2-10h, then EIS test is carried out to battery core, collect EIS data, EIS data is fitted using Zview software, Rct growth rate is made with the change curve of circulating cycle number, qualitative forecasting is carried out to the lithium ion battery service life according to change curve.The method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested in the present invention using EIS, used EIS test is non-destructive testing, the test result after will not influence;Predicted time is short;It is adaptable, it does not need to carry out in-depth study to the electrochemical reaction mechanism of battery core;This method accuracy is high simultaneously, and accuracy can achieve 90% or more.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium ion battery testing fields, and in particular to a kind of tested using EIS carries out the lithium ion battery longevity
The method for ordering qualitative forecasting.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery has that energy density is high, voltage rating is high, density is low, high/low temperature is adaptable, environmentally friendly
Etc. the advantages of, with to new energy exploitation continue to develop, lithium ion battery be widely used in household electrical appliance, mobile phone electricity
The fields such as brain, electric car.The performance of lithium ion battery is continuously improved at present, and use scope also constantly expands therewith, so that raw
Produce, the consumption upper service life requirement to lithium ion battery it is higher and higher, using reasonable, accurately and efficiently method assesses lithium
The service life of ion battery has become a hot topic of research.
Lithium ion battery is a kind of rechargeable battery, relies primarily on lithium ion and migrates between the positive and negative electrode of the battery and carrys out work
Make, the difference of the chemomotive force of battery from two electrode chemical potentials.Ideally, the migration of lithium ion has reversible
Property, it can be realized unlimited number of charge and discharge cycles.But in actual use, some irreversible processes are had, are caused
Inside lithium ion cell impedance increase, battery capacity reduce, and with the continuous accumulation of this variation, battery capacity is gradually reduced,
The service life cycle for influencing battery eventually results in lithium ion battery failure.Rationally, lithium-ion electric is accurately and efficiently predicted
The service life in pond, is conducive to the service performance for effectively assessing battery, and prevention brings unnecessary loss because of battery failure.
Most of assessment of cycle life of lithium ion battery at present also rests on the basis of long circulating (>=1000clcs)
On, the evaluation and test period is long, and consuming resource is more, the manufacturing cost of invisible increased battery core.Such as application No. is 201310317219.X
The Chinese invention patent of entitled " a kind of capacity of lithium ion battery estimation and cycles left life-span prediction method " passes through test and collects
The residue of battery after battery charging and discharging periodicity, the discharge voltage of each charging-discharging cycle and battery capacity and each charge and discharge
Capacity data is extended data using subsection curve fitting method, then carries out outside forecast using GPR model,
Predict battery remaining power of the lithium battery after repeatedly circulation.This method is pre- using the method for quantitative data and modeling analysis
The service life for having surveyed lithium battery has the characteristics that accuracy is high, but needs to carry out 3000 to lithium battery in prediction technique
The secondary above circulation, the evaluation and test period is long, and the operation method being related to is complex.It is entitled application No. is 201710640200.7
The Chinese invention patent of " a kind of appraisal procedure and system of lithium battery service life ", it is old by lithium battery internal resistance value rendering accelerating
The curve graph of the internal resistance value variation of change, calculates accelerated factor in conjunction with Arrhenius model, and it is normal to draw lithium battery according to accelerated factor
The internal resistance value trend chart of the lower aging of temperature analyzes the aging conditions of lithium battery under room temperature, and then that assesses lithium battery uses the longevity
Life.This method can effectively detect potential undesirable battery, but involved detection data is more, and step is relatively complicated.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is to study lithium ion cell electrode/electrolyte interface generation electrochemical process most
Practical, most strong one of tool is widely used in studying lithium ion in lithium ion battery block polymer electrode active material
Insertion and abjection process.It can be analyzed using EIS spectrum and obtain charge-transfer resistance, active material in the lithium ion battery course of work
Electronic resistance, the lithium ion rule or parameter that pass through the resistance of solid electrolyte interface film (SEI film) etc..Currently with
EIS test is also rarely reported come the method for predicting the lithium ion battery service life.Application No. is a kind of 201710507702.2 entitled " bases
In the perovskite solar cell electron lifetime test method of EIS analysis " Chinese patent, analyzed by EIS and establish equivalent electricity
The electron lifetime of perovskite solar cell is calculated in road model, and small, calculating speed is fast, quasi- with damaging to cell piece for this method
The advantages that exactness is high, but as a kind of quantitative test calculate battery life method, objective reality Computing Principle and calculating
The complex problem of process.
In lithium ion battery service life evaluation process, what we were more concerned about in fact is positive and negative pole material and the control of evaluation and test
Difference between processed group, therefore, the cycle life of qualitative evaluation battery core can obtain desired effect, and service life qualitative forecasting
In common accelerated ageing mode there is certain limitation in the selection of assessment parameter, such as with accelerated ageing in the short time
Circulation volume conservation rate can have very big error to carry out assessment, therefore find one kind and can complete in the short time battery core longevity
The method for ordering qualitative forecasting will reach reasonable, accurate, efficient prediction effect.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of tested using EIS to carry out lithium ion battery
The method of service life qualitative forecasting.Lithium ion battery accelerated ageing scheme is had studied first, by screening, determines that lithium ion battery adds
The scheme of fast aging are as follows: under the conditions of 45-60 DEG C of temperature, the circulation standard discharged using 0.3-2C charging, 0.3-2C is to battery core
Charge and discharge cycles are carried out, circulating cycle number is 0,5,10,20,30,50,70,100 or more high circulation week number.Charge and discharge cycles it
Afterwards, battery core is put into constant temperature in 35-42 DEG C of insulating box and handles 2-10h, then battery core is arranged on test fixture one by one and carried out
EIS is tested to obtain the corresponding relationship of battery core EIS feature Yu circulating cycle number.In order to improve the accuracy of test, in test process
Battery core is no longer taken out from insulating box, the battery core for needing to evaluate together guarantees to complete test in 2-4h.It is collected in test process
Then EIS data is fitted EIS data using Zview software, extract Rct data (battery core charge transfer impedance data),
Rct growth rate is made with the change curve of circulating cycle number, qualitative forecasting is carried out to the lithium ion battery service life according to change curve, from
It is seen on change curve, Rct growth rate is fast, the poor circulation of corresponding lithium ion battery.It is tested in the present invention using EIS
The method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting, predicted time are 18-25 days, and forecasting efficiency is high;Used EIS test
For non-destructive testing, impedance spectrum property, the test result after will not influence can be accurately collected;This method is adaptable, is not required to
In-depth study is carried out to the electrochemical reaction mechanism of battery core;This method accuracy is high simultaneously, accuracy can achieve 90% with
On.
Present invention technical effect to be achieved is realized by following scheme:
The invention discloses a kind of methods tested using EIS and carry out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting, include the following steps:
S01, by battery core to be tested, constant temperature is handled in insulating box, and then battery core to be measured is arranged to one by one on test fixture and is carried out
EIS is tested, and battery core to be measured is no longer taken out from insulating box in test process;
S02 recycles the battery core after the completion of EIS test in S01 at a temperature of 45-60 DEG C;
Battery core after the completion of recycling in S02 is placed on constant temperature in insulating box and handled, then battery core is arranged to survey one by one by S03
It tries to carry out EIS test on fixture, no longer takes out battery core from insulating box in test process;
S04 is fitted the EIS test data using data processing software, fits the growth of battery core charge transfer impedance
Rate carries out qualitative forecasting to the lithium ion battery service life according to change curve with the change curve of circulating cycle number.
The invention discloses a kind of methods tested using EIS and carry out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting, study first
Lithium ion battery accelerated ageing scheme determines the scheme of lithium ion battery accelerated ageing are as follows: in 45-60 DEG C of temperature by screening
Under the conditions of degree, using 0.3-2C charging, 0.3-2C electric discharge circulation standard to battery core carry out charge and discharge cycles, circulating cycle number be 0,
5,10,20,30,50,70,100 or more high circulation week number.Using short circulation pair under the conditions of 45-60 DEG C of temperature in the present invention
Battery carries out aging process, and required time is short, high-efficient, and process conditions required for aging are simply easily implemented, experimentation
The stock number of middle consuming is few, can save the manufacturing cost of battery core.After charge and discharge cycles are completed, battery core is put into 35-42 DEG C
Constant temperature handles 2-10h in insulating box, is then arranged to battery core one by one on test fixture and carries out EIS test to obtain battery core EIS
The corresponding relationship of feature and circulating cycle number.In order to improve the accuracy of test, electricity is taken out no longer from insulating box in test process
Core, the battery core for needing to evaluate together guarantee to complete test in 2-4h.EIS data is collected in test process, then utilizes Zview
Software is fitted EIS data, extracts Rct data, makes Rct growth rate with the change curve of circulating cycle number, according to variation
Curve carries out qualitative forecasting to the lithium ion battery service life, and from change curve, Rct growth rate is fast, corresponding lithium ion
The poor circulation of battery.
Further, battery core to be tested described in S01 is guaranteed described to be tested first partial volume 3-6 weeks before constant temperature processing
Battery core is full power state and nothing overcharges phenomenon.During battery core to be tested is chosen, after the battery core after the completion of production is carried out partial volume,
Voltage, internal resistance, capacity and the higher battery core of mean voltage consistency is selected to be tested.In terms of voltage, self discharge is selected
The screening battery core that there is no problem and voltage consistency is high;In terms of internal resistance, the internal resistance of selected battery core to be tested is as far as possible close to same batch
The average internal resistance of battery core;In terms of capacity, selection meets the battery core with system battery core nominal capacity.It selects while meeting above-mentioned electricity
Pressure, internal resistance, three conditions of capacity battery core as battery core to be measured be used to tested.Each batch at least choose three battery cores into
Row test.After the completion of battery core to be measured is chosen, battery core to be measured is carried out partial volume 3-6 times at normal temperature, guarantees that battery core to be measured is full electricity
State, and guarantee do not occur overcharging phenomenon.Above-mentioned battery core to be measured carries out next step test after the completion of choosing.
Further, the temperature setting of insulating box described in S01 be 35-42 DEG C, constant temperature described in S01 processing time be
2-10h.The temperature setting of insulating box described in S03 is 35-42 DEG C, and the time of the processing of constant temperature described in S03 is 2-10h.Make electricity
Temperature set by core body temperature and insulating box reaches unanimously, then carries out EIS test again.
Further, the frequency range of the test of EIS described in S01 is 0.05-105Hz;EIS described in S01 is tested in 2-
It is completed in 4h.The frequency range of the test of EIS described in S03 is 0.05-105Hz;The test of EIS described in S03 is completed in 2-4h.
In order to improve the accuracy of test, battery core is no longer taken out from insulating box in test process, the battery core for needing to evaluate together guarantees
Test is completed in 2-4h.
Further, circulation described in S02 is the charge and discharge cycles of 0.3-2C charging, 0.3-2C electric discharge.Select 0.3-2C
The circulation standard that charging, 0.3-2C discharge is conducive to complete the aging process to battery core in shorter circulating cycle number.
Further, data processing software described in S04 is Zview software.EIS data is carried out using Zview software
Fitting extracts Rct data, makes Rct growth rate with the change curve of circulating cycle number, according to change curve to the lithium ion battery longevity
Life carries out qualitative forecasting, and from change curve, Rct growth rate is fast, the poor circulation of corresponding lithium ion battery.
Further, the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested to lithium ion using EIS using described
Battery carries out service life qualitative forecasting, and predicted time is 18-25 days.From the selection of battery core to be measured to finally obtaining prediction address, institute
Take time is 18-25 days.
Further, the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested to lithium ion using EIS using described
Battery carries out service life qualitative forecasting, and prediction accuracy is greater than 90%.Prediction technique in the present invention does not need the electrochemistry to battery core
Reaction mechanism carries out in-depth study, while accuracy is high, and accuracy is greater than 90%.
The invention has the following advantages that
1. EIS test of the present invention is non-destructive testing, impedance spectrum property can be accurately collected, after will not influence
Test result.
2. the lithium ion battery service life Qualitative Forecast Methods in the present invention are adaptable, the electrochemistry to battery core is not needed
Reaction mechanism carries out in-depth study.
3. the lithium ion battery service life Qualitative Forecast Methods accuracy in the present invention is high, accuracy reaches 90% or more.
4. lithium ion battery service life Qualitative Forecast Methods of the present invention use and carry out short circulation in fact to battery under hot conditions
It tests, required time is short, high-efficient.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are battery core to be measured in the present invention under the conditions of 60 DEG C, the change of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under different circulating cycle numbers
Change curve.
What Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 were obtained after being fitted for the EIS data of battery core to be measured in the present invention by Zview software
Rct growth rate with circulating cycle number change curve.
Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10 are battery core capacity retention ratio under battery core normal temperature condition to be measured in the present invention with circulating cycle number
Change curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
Two batches, 18650 battery core is chosen as battery core to be measured, number is 1# batch and 2# batch, the difference of 1# batch and 2# batch
It is that negative electrode material used is different.By above-mentioned battery core elder generation to be tested partial volume 5 weeks, guarantee that the battery core to be tested is full power state
And nothing overcharges phenomenon.
S01, by battery core to be tested, constant temperature handles 5h in 40 DEG C of insulating box, and battery core to be measured is then arranged to survey one by one
It tries to carry out EIS test on fixture, no longer takes out battery core to be measured from insulating box in test process;EIS test frequency range be
0.05-105Hz, EIS test are completed in 2h.
S02 recycles the battery core after the completion of EIS test in S01 at a temperature of 60 DEG C, and circulation standard is filled for 0.5C
The charge and discharge cycles that electricity, 0.5C discharge, circulating cycle number are 0,10,30,50;
Battery core after the completion of recycling in S02 is placed on constant temperature in 40 DEG C of insulating box and handles 5h, then one by one by battery core by S03
It is arranged to progress EIS test on test fixture, no longer takes out battery core from insulating box in test process;The frequency model of EIS test
It encloses for 0.05-105Hz, EIS test are completed in 2h.
S04 is fitted above-mentioned EIS data using Zview software, makes Rct growth rate with the variation of circulating cycle number
Curve carries out qualitative forecasting to the lithium ion battery service life according to change curve.
Attached drawing 1, attached drawing 2 be respectively the present embodiment in 1# batch, 2# batch battery core to be measured recycled at 60 DEG C 0 week, 10 weeks,
The change curve of EIS after 30 weeks, 50 weeks.
Attached drawing 3 be the present embodiment in 1# batch, 2# batch battery core Rct growth rate to be measured with circulating cycle number change curve.
Attached drawing 7 be in the present embodiment 1# batch, 2# batch battery core to be measured under normal temperature conditions, with 0.5C rate charge-discharge,
Battery core capacity retention ratio with circulating cycle number change curve.
1# batch battery core ratio 2# batch battery core Rct growth rate to be measured to be measured is fast it can be seen from attached drawing 3, illustrates 1# batches
Secondary battery core poor circulation to be measured.It can be seen from attached drawing 7 under normal temperature conditions, 1# batch battery core capacity retention ratio to be measured is low
In 2# batch battery core capacity retention ratio to be measured.
Two batch battery core service life qualitative forecasting results are consistent with actual cycle result.
Embodiment 2
Two batches, 18650 battery core is chosen as battery core to be measured, number is 3# batch and 4# batch, the difference of 3# batch and 4# batch
It is that positive electrode used is different.Experimental method is the same as embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 4 be the present embodiment in 3# batch, 4# batch battery core Rct growth rate to be measured with circulating cycle number change curve.
Attached drawing 8 be in the present embodiment 3# batch, 4# batch battery core to be measured under normal temperature conditions, with 0.5C rate charge-discharge,
Battery core capacity retention ratio with circulating cycle number change curve.
4# batch battery core ratio 3# batch battery core Rct growth rate to be measured to be measured is fast it can be seen from attached drawing 4, illustrates 4# batches
Secondary battery core poor circulation to be measured.It can be seen from attached drawing 8 under normal temperature conditions, 4# batch battery core capacity retention ratio to be measured is low
In 3# batch battery core capacity retention ratio to be measured.
Two batch battery core service life qualitative forecasting results are consistent with actual cycle result.
Embodiment 3
Two batches, 18650 battery core is chosen as battery core to be measured, number is 5# batch and 6# batch, the difference of 5# batch and 6# batch
It is that negative electrode material used is different.Experimental method is the same as embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 5 be the present embodiment in 5# batch, 6# batch battery core Rct growth rate to be measured with circulating cycle number change curve.
Attached drawing 9 be in the present embodiment 5# batch, 6# batch battery core to be measured under normal temperature conditions, with 0.5C rate charge-discharge,
Battery core capacity retention ratio with circulating cycle number change curve.
6# batch battery core ratio 5# batch battery core Rct growth rate to be measured to be measured is fast it can be seen from attached drawing 5, illustrates 6# batches
Secondary battery core poor circulation to be measured.It can be seen from attached drawing 9 under normal temperature conditions, 6# batch battery core capacity retention ratio to be measured is low
In 5# batch battery core capacity retention ratio to be measured.
Two batch battery core service life qualitative forecasting results are consistent with actual cycle result.
Embodiment 4
Three batches, 18650 battery core is chosen as battery core to be measured, number is 7# batch, 8# batch, 9# batch, 7# batch, 8# batch,
The difference of 9# batch is that positive electrode binder material used is different.Experimental method is the same as embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 6 is bent with the variation of circulating cycle number for 7# batch, 8# batch, 9# batch battery core Rct growth rate to be measured in the present embodiment
Line.
Attached drawing 10 be the present embodiment in 7# batch, 8# batch, 9# batch battery core to be measured under normal temperature conditions, with 0.5C multiplying power
Charge and discharge, battery core capacity retention ratio with circulating cycle number change curve.
Battery core Rct growth rate size to be measured is minimum for 7# batch it can be seen from attached drawing 6, and 9# batch is slightly larger than 8# batches
It is secondary, illustrate in three batches battery core to be measured, 8# batch and 9# batch cycle performance are close, are worse than the cycle performance of 7# batch.
It can be seen from attached drawing 10 under normal temperature conditions, 8# batch and 9# batch battery core capacity retention ratio are close, 7# batch
Battery core capacity retention ratio highest.
Three batch battery core service life qualitative forecasting results are consistent with actual cycle result.
18650 battery cores described in embodiment 1-4 are selected from 18650 battery core of volume production of our company.
Finally, it should be noted that above embodiments be only to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention rather than to its into
Row limitation, although the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail referring to preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art
It should be understood that the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention can be still modified or replaced equivalently, and these are modified or wait
The range of modified technical solution disengaging technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention cannot also be made with replacement.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of test the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting using EIS, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
S01, by battery core to be tested, constant temperature is handled in insulating box, and then battery core to be measured is arranged to one by one on test fixture and is carried out
EIS is tested, and battery core to be measured is no longer taken out from insulating box in test process;
S02 recycles the battery core after the completion of EIS test in S01 at a temperature of 45-60 DEG C;
Battery core after the completion of recycling in S02 is placed on constant temperature in insulating box and handled, then battery core is arranged to survey one by one by S03
It tries to carry out EIS test on fixture, no longer takes out battery core from insulating box in test process;
S04 is fitted the EIS test data using data processing software, fits the growth of battery core charge transfer impedance
Rate carries out qualitative forecasting to the lithium ion battery service life according to change curve with the change curve of circulating cycle number.
2. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested using EIS as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
By battery core to be tested described in S01 first partial volume 3-6 weeks before constant temperature processing, guarantee that the battery core to be tested is full power state and nothing
Overcharge phenomenon.
3. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested using EIS as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The temperature setting of insulating box described in S01 is 35-42 DEG C;The time of the processing of constant temperature described in S01 is 2-10h.
4. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested using EIS as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The frequency range of the test of EIS described in S01 is 0.05-105Hz;The test of EIS described in S01 is completed in 2-4h.
5. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested using EIS as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Circulation described in S02 is the charge and discharge cycles of 0.3-2C charging, 0.3-2C electric discharge.
6. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested using EIS as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The temperature setting of insulating box described in S03 is 35-42 DEG C;The time of the processing of constant temperature described in S03 is 2-10h.
7. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested using EIS as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The frequency range of the test of EIS described in S03 is 0.05-105Hz;The test of EIS described in S03 is completed in 2-4h.
8. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested using EIS as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Data processing software described in S04 is Zview software.
9. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting, feature are tested using EIS as described in claim 1-8 is any
It is: the service life is carried out to lithium ion battery using the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting of being tested using EIS
Qualitative forecasting, predicted time are 18-25 days.
10. the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting is tested using EIS as described in claim 1-8 is any, it is special
Sign is: carrying out the longevity to lithium ion battery using the method for carrying out lithium ion battery service life qualitative forecasting of testing using EIS
Qualitative forecasting is ordered, prediction accuracy is greater than 90%.
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CN110426639A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-08 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery life-span prediction method and system based on motional impedance spectrum |
CN112014735A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-12-01 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Battery cell aging life prediction method and device based on full life cycle |
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