CN109061099B - Nondestructive experimental evaluation method for damage degree of heterogeneous compact rock - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nondestructive experimental evaluation method for damage degree of heterogeneous compact rock, which comprises the following steps: (1) testing the initial acoustic wave velocity of the rock sample, and converting the initial acoustic wave velocity into an initial dynamic Young modulus and an initial dynamic Poisson ratio; (2) testing the porosity, pore size distribution and layered water content of the rock sample; (3) carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid damage treatment on the rock sample; (4) testing the acoustic wave velocity of the damaged rock sample, and converting the acoustic wave velocity into a dynamic Young modulus and a dynamic Poisson ratio; (5) testing the porosity, pore size distribution and layered water content of the damaged rock sample, and analyzing the physical property change, pore structure change and working fluid invasion depth of the rock sample; (6) calculating damage variables of the rock sample; (7) and fitting a relational expression of the damage variable of the rock sample, the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio, and evaluating and predicting the mechanical damage of the working fluid. The method solves the problem of damage evaluation of heterogeneous compact rocks, and provides technical guidance and theoretical basis for the optimization design of drilling and completion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a nondestructive experimental evaluation method for damage of working fluid to rocks in the drilling and completion process of a heterogeneous reservoir.
Background
Rock is a heterogeneous body composed of an aggregate of different mineral particles and a cementing material, and the mineral components and the content thereof in the rock are main factors determining the physical and mechanical properties of the rock (pottery and earth, pandemic. rock mechanics principle and method [ M ]. wuhan: chinese geological university press, 1991). A large number of rock mechanical test results show that the heterogeneity of the rock is an important influence factor for the existence of large discreteness of the physical and mechanical property parameters of the rock. Therefore, for the rocks with complex mineral compositions, such as igneous rocks, rock debris sandstone and the like, the composition heterogeneity of the rocks is strong, and the physical and mechanical property discreteness of the rocks is large.
Heterogeneous oil and gas reservoirs such as igneous rocks and compact sandstones generally relate to various drilling and completion processes in the exploration and development process, the design and construction of the heterogeneous oil and gas reservoirs directly depend on mechanical parameters such as rock strength, deformation and the like, and the reservoir rock is damaged due to the contact of working fluids adopted by different processes and the reservoir, for example, damage caused by drilling fluid invasion in the drilling process, damage to the rock caused by acid liquor pretreatment in the fracturing modification process and damage caused by fracturing fluid filtrate invasion, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the rock are changed, and the reliability of a design scheme is directly influenced by the rationality of the mechanical parameters of the rock. The method has the advantages that the damage degree of the working fluid to the heterogeneous rock, mechanical parameters of the rock after the action of the working fluid and the change rule of the mechanical parameters are accurately known, and the method has important significance for guiding the design and construction of the well drilling and completion engineering.
At present, the experimental evaluation of the influence of the working fluid on the mechanical properties of the rock is basically to compare and analyze the physical and mechanical property changes of the rock sample without the action of the working fluid and the rock sample after the action of the working fluid by carrying out the mechanical property test of destructiveness on the rock sample of compression resistance, tensile resistance, fracture toughness and the like and adopting a parallel sample comparison analysis method. However, for rock samples with strong heterogeneity, such as igneous rocks, the physical and mechanical properties of the rock samples are different greatly, the reliability of the parallel sample comparison analysis method is poor, the influence degree of the working fluid on the mechanical properties of the rock cannot be represented accurately, and the influence rule of the working fluid on the mechanical parameters of the rock cannot be evaluated effectively. Therefore, the implementation effect of the drilling and completion scheme design of the reservoir with strong heterogeneity is not ideal, and therefore, a damage degree evaluation method for heterogeneous rock is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nondestructive experimental evaluation method for the damage degree of heterogeneous compact rock, which has reliable principle and simple operation, can effectively solve the damage evaluation problem of the heterogeneous compact rock, provides technical guidance and theoretical basis for the optimization design of drilling and completion, and overcomes the defects and shortcomings of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above technical objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
The invention considers the difference of physical property and mechanical property of heterogeneous compact rock, improves the original parallel sample analysis method, considers the low porosity permeability characteristic of compact rock, improves the rock sample damage treatment aspect, and establishes a novel non-destructive experimental method suitable for heterogeneous compact rock damage evaluation.
A non-destructive experimental evaluation method for damage degree of heterogeneous compact rock sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) testing the initial acoustic wave velocity of the rock sample, and converting the initial acoustic wave velocity into an initial dynamic Young modulus and an initial dynamic Poisson ratio;
(2) testing the porosity, pore size distribution and layered water content of the rock sample by using a nuclear magnetic resonance technology;
(3) carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid damage treatment on the rock sample;
(4) testing the acoustic wave velocity of the damaged rock sample, and converting the acoustic wave velocity into the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio of the damaged rock sample;
(5) testing the porosity, pore size distribution and layered water content of the damaged rock sample, comparing and analyzing the physical property change of the rock sample according to the porosity test result of the rock sample before and after the treatment of the working fluid, comparing and analyzing the pore structure change of the rock sample according to the pore size distribution test result, comparing and analyzing the depth of the working fluid invading the rock sample according to the layered water content test result, and quantitatively evaluating the physical damage effect of the working fluid;
(6) calculating damage variables of the rock sample;
(7) and (3) taking the damage variable as an abscissa, respectively taking the dynamic Young modulus change rate and the dynamic Poisson ratio change rate as an ordinate, taking a scatter diagram of the damage variable and the dynamic Young modulus change rate and the dynamic Poisson ratio change rate, fitting a relational expression of the damage variable of the rock sample and the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio, obtaining rock mechanical parameters (Young modulus and Poisson ratio) under different damage variables according to the relational expression, and quantitatively evaluating and predicting the mechanical damage effect of the working fluid.
In the invention, the initial acoustic wave velocity of the rock sample is tested in the step (1) and converted into the initial dynamic young modulus and the initial dynamic poisson ratio, and the process is as follows:
A. preparing a cylindrical rock sample, and drying the rock sample;
B. testing of initial longitudinal wave velocity V of rock sample under confining pressure (formation conditions)p0And the initial shear wave velocity Vs0Converted to the initial dynamic Young's modulus E according to the following formulad0And an initial dynamic Poisson's ratio vd0(Chengxue, gold-derived, Petroleum engineering rock mechanics [ M ]]Scientific press, 2008):
in the formula, Ed0-initial dynamic young's modulus of the rock sample, KPa;
vd0-initial dynamic poisson's ratio of the rock sample, dimensionless;
Vp0-initial longitudinal wave velocity, m/s, of the rock sample;
Vs0-initial shear wave velocity, m/s, of the rock sample;
rho-rock density, g/cm3。
In the invention, the step (2) of testing the porosity, the pore size distribution and the layered water content of the rock sample by using the nuclear magnetic resonance technology means that the rock sample is placed in a rock core saturation device, standard saline water is fully saturated after vacuumizing, and the original porosity, the pore size distribution and the water content distribution of the rock sample are measured by using high-temperature and high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance equipment.
In the invention, the step (3) of performing high-temperature high-pressure working fluid damage treatment on the rock sample refers to placing the rock sample in a drying oven for drying, placing the rock sample in a high-temperature high-pressure dynamic reaction kettle filled with sufficient working fluid, introducing nitrogen into the kettle to reach design pressure, heating the kettle to reach design temperature, releasing pressure after the rock sample reacts in the kettle for design time under high-temperature high-pressure conditions, and taking out the rock sample to obtain the rock samples with different damage degrees.
In the invention, the step (4) of testing the sound wave velocity of the damaged rock sample and converting the sound wave velocity into the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio of the damaged rock sample means that the damaged rock sample is placed in a drying box to be dried, and the longitudinal wave velocity V of the tested rock sample under the confining pressure is testedpVelocity V of sum transverse wavesConverting into dynamic Young's modulus E by the same method as step (1)dAnd dynamic Poisson's ratio vd。
In the present invention, the step (6) calculates the damage variable S of the rock sample according to the following formula:
in the formula, S is a damage variable and has no dimension;
Vp-the longitudinal wave velocity of the damaged rock sample, m/s;
Vs-the transverse wave velocity of the damaged rock sample, m/s.
In the present invention, the step (7) is the initial dynamic Young's modulus E of the rock sample obtained according to the steps (1) and (4) with the damage variable obtained in the step (6) as the abscissad0Initial dynamic Poisson's ratio vd0And dynamic Young's modulus EdDynamic poisson's ratio vdRespectively taking the dynamic Young modulus change rate and the dynamic Poisson ratio change rate as vertical coordinates, making a scatter diagram of the damage variable, the dynamic Young modulus change rate and the dynamic Poisson ratio change rate, fitting a relational expression of the damage variable of the rock sample, the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio according to the data point change trend by adopting a curve fitting mode, and obtaining rock mechanical parameters under different damage variables, thereby quantitatively evaluating and predicting the mechanical damage effect of the working fluid, wherein the relational expression is as follows:
(Ed-Ed0)/Ed0=-0.924S (4)
(vd-vd0)/vd0=23.823S (5)
in the formula, Ed-dynamic young's modulus of the damaged rock sample, KPa;
(Ed-Ed0)/Ed0-dynamic young's modulus rate of change;
vd-dynamic poisson's ratio of the damaged rock sample, dimensionless;
(vd-vd0)/vd0-dynamic poisson's ratio rate of change.
Compared with the prior art, the nondestructive experimental evaluation method for the damage degree of the heterogeneous compact rock is provided, the evaluation and prediction precision of the mechanical property of the damaged rock is improved to a great extent, basic data can be provided for the optimization design of drilling and completion according to the prediction result, and the effective rate of exploration and development is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in longitudinal wave velocity of a rock before and after acid damage in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the dynamic Poisson's ratio change of the rock before and after acid damage in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of pore size distribution of rock before and after acid damage in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of lesion variance versus Poisson's ratio rate of change in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the damage variable and the Young's modulus change rate in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The embodiments are intended to be illustrative and explanatory of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following manner, and further improvements and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and improvements should also be construed as the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking evaluation of acid damage of the Chuandong heterogeneous compact sandstone as an example, the non-destructive experimental evaluation method of acid damage of the heterogeneous reservoir provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
(1) testing the initial acoustic wave velocity of the rock sample and converting the initial acoustic wave velocity into the initial dynamic Young modulus and the initial dynamic Poisson ratio of the rock sample).
A. And preparing a standard cylindrical rock sample meeting experimental conditions. And (3) radially drilling a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 25mm from the heterogeneous compact sandstone full-diameter core, and keeping the length and the diameter of the sample to be 2:1 so as to avoid the end effect. The parallelism of the two end faces must be kept within 0.02mm, and the perpendicularity of the end faces and the axis is within 0.05 mm;
B. placing the rock sample in a drying oven, and drying for 24 hours at 70-90 ℃;
C. and (3) testing the acoustic wave velocity of the rock sample under confining pressure (stratum condition), and converting the acoustic wave velocity into dynamic mechanical parameters according to the formula (1) and the formula (2).
(2) And testing the porosity, pore size distribution and layered water content of the rock sample by using a nuclear magnetic resonance technology.
A. Putting the rock sample into a rock core saturation device, and vacuumizing for 20 hours;
B. introducing standard saline water into a saturation device, and saturating the rock sample for more than 20 hours under the condition of the saturation pressure of 25MPa, so that the rock sample is fully saturated with the standard saline water;
C. and (3) measuring the original porosity, pore size distribution and water content distribution of the rock sample by using high-temperature and high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance equipment.
(3) And carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure working solution damage treatment on the rock sample.
A. Placing the rock sample in a drying oven, and drying for 24 hours at 70-90 ℃;
B. and (3) putting the rock sample into a high-temperature high-pressure dynamic reaction kettle filled with sufficient working solution, introducing nitrogen into the kettle to a designed test pressure, heating the kettle body to a designed temperature, carrying out high-temperature high-pressure reaction on the rock sample in the kettle for a designed time, releasing pressure, and taking out the rock core to obtain the rock samples with different damage degrees.
(4) And (2) drying the rock sample in a drying oven at 70-90 ℃ for 24 hours, testing the sound wave velocity of the rock sample under confining pressure (stratum condition), analyzing the sound wave property change of the rock sample before and after damage (shown in figure 1), converting the sound wave property change into dynamic Young modulus and dynamic Poisson ratio by adopting the method same as the step (1), and analyzing the Young modulus change rule and Poisson ratio change rule of the rock sample before and after damage of the working fluid (shown in figure 2).
(5) And (3) testing the porosity, the pore size distribution and the layered water content of the damaged rock sample by adopting the method and the conditions which are the same as those in the step (2). And comparing and analyzing the rock physical property change according to the porosity test result. The nuclear magnetic pore size distribution of the rock sample before and after the damage of the working fluid is compared (as shown in figure 3), and the change of the pore structure is analyzed. And comparing the layered water content of the rock sample before and after the damage of the working fluid, and analyzing the depth of the acid liquid invading the rock sample.
(6) The acid damage variable of the rock was calculated according to equation (3), and the damage variable calculation results of each rock sample are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 rock sample acid damage variable evaluation results
(7) And (3) fitting a relational expression of the acid damage variable and the mechanical parameter according to the test result, namely fitting a relational expression between the rock Poisson ratio change rate, the Young modulus change rate and the damage variable according to the rock dynamic mechanical parameter obtained in the steps (1) and (4) and combining the acid damage variable obtained by calculation in the step (6) to obtain a relational diagram (figure 4) of the damage variable and the Poisson ratio change rate and a relational diagram (figure 5) of the damage variable and the Young modulus change rate.
Claims (5)
1. A non-destructive experimental evaluation method for damage degree of heterogeneous compact rock sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) testing the initial acoustic wave velocity of the rock sample, and converting the initial acoustic wave velocity into an initial dynamic Young modulus and an initial dynamic Poisson ratio;
(2) testing the porosity, pore size distribution and layered water content of the rock sample by using a nuclear magnetic resonance technology;
(3) carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid damage treatment on the rock sample;
(4) testing the acoustic wave velocity of the damaged rock sample, and converting the acoustic wave velocity into the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio of the damaged rock sample;
(5) testing the porosity, pore size distribution and layered water content of the damaged rock sample, comparing and analyzing the physical property change of the rock sample according to the porosity test result of the rock sample before and after the treatment of the working fluid, comparing and analyzing the pore structure change of the rock sample according to the pore size distribution test result, and comparing and analyzing the depth of the working fluid invading the rock sample according to the layered water content test result;
(6) calculating a damage variable S of the rock sample according to the following formula:
in the formula Vp-the longitudinal wave velocity of the damaged rock sample, m/s;
Vs-the transverse wave velocity, m/s, of the damaged rock sample;
Vp0-initial longitudinal wave velocity, m/s, of the rock sample;
Vs0-initial shear wave velocity, m/s, of the rock sample;
(7) taking the damage variable obtained in the step (6) as an abscissa, and obtaining the initial dynamic Young modulus E of the rock sample according to the steps (1) and (4)d0Initial dynamic Poisson's ratio vd0And dynamic Young's modulus EdDynamic poisson's ratio vdRespectively taking the dynamic Young modulus change rate and the dynamic Poisson ratio change rate as vertical coordinates, making a scatter diagram of the damage variable, the dynamic Young modulus change rate and the dynamic Poisson ratio change rate, fitting relational expressions of the damage variable, the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio of the rock sample, and obtaining rock mechanical parameters under different damage variables, thereby quantitatively evaluating and predicting the mechanical damage effect of the working fluid, wherein the relational expressions are as follows:
(Ed-Ed0)/Ed0=-0.924S
(vd-vd0)/vd0=23.823S
in the formula (E)d-Ed0)/Ed0-dynamic young's modulus rate of change;
(vd-vd0)/vd0-dynamic poisson's ratio rate of change.
2. The non-destructive experimental evaluation method for damage degree of heterogeneous compact rock according to claim 1, wherein the initial sonic wave velocity of the rock sample is tested in step (1) and converted into the initial dynamic young's modulus and the initial dynamic poisson ratio by the following process:
A. preparing a cylindrical rock sample, and drying the rock sample;
B. testing the initial longitudinal wave velocity V of a rock sample under confining pressurep0And the initial shear wave velocity Vs0Converted to the initial dynamic Young's modulus E according to the following formulad0And an initial dynamic Poisson's ratio vd0:
Where rho-rock density, g/cm3。
3. The nondestructive experimental evaluation method for the damage degree of the heterogeneous compact rock according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of testing the porosity, pore size distribution and layered water content of the rock sample by using a nuclear magnetic resonance technology is to place the rock sample in a rock core saturation device, fully saturate standard brine after vacuumizing, and measure the original porosity, pore size distribution and water content distribution of the rock sample by using a high-temperature high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance device.
4. The non-destructive experimental evaluation method for the damage degree of the heterogeneous compact rock according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) of performing the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid damage treatment on the rock sample comprises drying the rock sample, placing the dried rock sample into a high-temperature high-pressure dynamic reaction kettle filled with sufficient working fluid, introducing nitrogen into the kettle to reach a design pressure, heating the kettle to a design temperature, reacting the rock sample in the kettle for a design time under a high-temperature high-pressure condition, releasing the pressure, and taking out the rock sample to obtain the rock samples with different damage degrees.
5. The non-destructive experimental evaluation method for damage degree of heterogeneous compact rock according to claim 1, wherein said step (4) of measuring the sonic wave velocity of the damaged rock sample and converting it into the dynamic young's modulus and the dynamic poisson's ratio of the damaged rock sample means that the damaged rock sample is dried and the longitudinal wave velocity V of the test rock sample under confining pressure is measuredpVelocity V of sum transverse wavesConverting into dynamic Young's modulus E by the same method as step (1)dAnd dynamic Poisson's ratio vd。
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CN112268917A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-26 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Evaluation method for acid damage effect of low-permeability rock |
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