CN109056629B - Bottom surface fixed type water tank experiment device for flexible water bag breakwater structure - Google Patents
Bottom surface fixed type water tank experiment device for flexible water bag breakwater structure Download PDFInfo
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water tank experimental device with a bottom fixed type flexible water bag breakwater structure, which comprises a glass wave water tank, a flexible water bag breakwater model, a first counterweight plate, a wave height instrument and a water pressure monitor, wherein the glass wave water tank is fixed on the bottom of the flexible water bag breakwater model; the flexible water bag breakwater model is arranged in the glass wave water tank; the front side and the rear side of the flexible water bag breakwater model are respectively provided with a first counterweight plate, and the first counterweight plates are connected with the flexible water bag breakwater model through metal wires; the wave height meters are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the flexible water bag breakwater model; the water pressure monitor is arranged inside the flexible water bag breakwater model; and a second counterweight plate is arranged at the bottom of the flexible water bag breakwater model. The experimental device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation and reliable use effect, the problem of bottom surface slippage of the flexible water bag breakwater structure can be solved properly and reliably through the reinforcing structure of the plate and the steel wire, and the experimental device provided by the invention has strong operability and repeatability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the design of a hydraulics experimental model, and particularly relates to a water tank experimental device with a bottom-fixed flexible water bag breakwater structure.
Technical Field
The breakwater is a common harbor and coast engineering structure, is used for defending the invasion and attack of sea waves to harbors and operation areas, maintains the stability of water areas in a protection area, ensures the safety of ship berthing, mooring, loading and unloading operation, ocean engineering construction operation, ocean cultivation, offshore sports and the like, and improves the time of ocean operation windows.
The structural form of the breakwater is an important factor influencing the wave-absorbing effect, the wave-absorbing mechanism of various breakwaters is different, and the following wave-absorbing processes are mainly summarized:
(1) the wave energy is reflected, using the partially reflected energy at the front of the bank.
(2) The interference energy dissipation between wave trains forms the mutual drag and offset of the wave motion between two waves because the frequency of the transmitted waves is different from the frequency of the waves generated by the motion of the structure.
(3) The energy dissipation is realized by turbulent fluctuation, and the original regular motion of wave particles is changed into disordered turbulent fluctuation by the collision friction and the streaming formed by the interaction of the water body and the structure, so that the energy dissipation purpose is realized.
(4) The wave force does work, and the wave force makes the structure produce the work of displacement or deformation, and part of the work is irreversible energy consumption.
Compared with other types of breakwaters, the flexible breakwater has certain advantages in the aspects of turbulent energy dissipation and wave force work. Flexible materials are ubiquitous in our lives, but their use in the breakwater field has been attempted only gradually over thirty years. The application of the flexible material to the field of the breakwater is an innovation with important significance. Therefore, the wave-absorbing effect of the flexible breakwater needs to be verified, the internal wave-absorbing mechanism of the flexible breakwater is researched, and the change characteristics of a flow field nearby the flexible breakwater under a specific working condition need to be solved through a proper way.
The existing theoretical analysis method cannot accurately analyze the physical process well due to the fact that the flexible breakwater structure wave absorption process is quite complex, the fluid-solid coupling process is involved, and the nonlinear processes such as elastic body deformation are involved. Therefore, a great deal of experimental research data and numerical simulation technology are mainly adopted to measure the wave-absorbing effect of the breakwater at present. The data from the experimental studies are often compared with the results of numerical simulations to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation techniques. Therefore, the physical model experiment has important significance for researching the structure problem of the flexible gravity type movable water bag breakwater.
In the current wave water tank experiment, different experimental methods and means are provided according to different water tank structure forms and aiming at different experimental models and different experimental working conditions. For the cement wall surface wave water tank, corresponding instrument equipment and a physical model can be fixed by adopting a mode of erecting a frame outside the water tank or installing screws in the water tank; for the water tank with wavy glass wall, the wall is made of glass, so that the way of drilling and mounting screws on the water tank is not suitable. Therefore, in the glass wall surface wave water tank, the instrument equipment is generally arranged and installed by adopting an iron stand outside the water tank. For submerged dike experimental models and the like, the static friction force with the ground is generally increased by means of the gravity of the experimental model, so that the purpose of fixing the experimental model on the ground is achieved. However, when the weight of the model is small, the model cannot achieve the goal of no slippage on the bottom surface under the corresponding experimental working condition. In a glass wall wave water tank, there is no good solution to this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the experimental device for the water tank of the flexible water bag breakwater with the fixed bottom surface, the invention provides the experimental device for the water tank with the flexible water bag breakwater with the fixed bottom surface, in order to research whether the novel breakwater can achieve the required wave dissipation effect while reducing the economic cost and ensure that a model of the flexible water bag breakwater with the fixed bottom surface does not slide on the bottom surface in a glass wave water tank.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a water tank experimental device with a fixed-bottom flexible water bag breakwater structure, which comprises a glass wave water tank, a flexible water bag breakwater model, a first counterweight plate, a wave height gauge and a water pressure monitor;
the flexible water bag breakwater model is arranged in the glass wave water tank; the front side and the rear side of the flexible water bag breakwater model are respectively provided with a first counterweight plate, and the first counterweight plates are connected with the flexible water bag breakwater model through metal wires; the wave height meters are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the flexible water bag breakwater model; the water pressure monitor is arranged inside the flexible water bag breakwater model; and a second counterweight plate is arranged at the bottom of the flexible water bag breakwater model.
Further, flexible water pocket breakwater model include rubber film and two at least supports, the support link to each other with the second counterweight, the rubber film parcel forms airtight structure on the support, airtight structure inside cavity is full of water.
Furthermore, the support be the rectangle support, the rectangle support be equipped with the chamfer.
Furthermore, one end of the breakwater model is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the top surface of the breakwater model is provided with a water pressure monitor; the interior of the breakwater is divided into a plurality of areas by internal separation layers.
Furthermore, connecting rings connected with the metal wires are arranged at two ends of the breakwater model, and the distance between each connecting ring and the bottom surface is two thirds of the height of the whole breakwater; the first balance weight plate is provided with a connecting ring connected with the metal wire.
Furthermore, the two first counterweight plates are completely the same; the length of the first counterweight plate is the same as or similar to the width of the glass wave water tank, and the width of the first counterweight plate is more than or equal to twice the width of the breakwater model.
Further, the distance between the first counterweight plate and the breakwater model is more than or equal to two times of the width of the breakwater model; the thickness of the first counterweight plate is less than or equal to 10 mm.
Further, the wave height instrument is arranged at a position 1.5m away from the front and the back of the breakwater model; the arrangement number of the single-side wave altimeters can be single or multiple; when the number of the single-side wave height meters is multiple, the arrangement interval of the wave height meters is more than or equal to 0.5 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention solves the problem of how to fix the bottom surface of the flexible water bag breakwater experimental model in the glass wave water tank. Generally, in similar model experiments, such as a submerged dike model experiment, a heavy load can be loaded in a cavity inside the model, so that the weight of the whole model is increased, and the bottom surface of the model cannot slide in the experiment process. The cavity in the structure of the flexible water bag breakwater model is required to be filled with liquid, and the weight of the whole structure cannot be increased by loading in the cavity. Therefore, the water tank is only stably fixed on the bottom surface of the water tank through an external device. In the glass wave water tank, the glass surface of the bottom surface is a smooth surface, which further increases the difficulty of the experiment. Therefore, the problem of bottom surface slippage cannot be solved, and the water tank experiment cannot be smoothly carried out no matter the submerged dike or the flexible water bag breakwater structure model.
The present invention is directed to a new experimental setup solution that addresses the difficulties described above.
2. The steel sheet placed on the bottom surface of the water tank adopted by the invention has negligible influence on the flow field. Therefore, the purpose of reducing experimental errors can be achieved.
The water tank experiment of the bottom fixed type flexible water bag breakwater structure cannot reinforce the water tank structure on the flexible surface of the water tank structure. Since the incident wave and the reflected wave have an influence, it is not suitable for reinforcing the water tank from the upper iron stand. Therefore, the experimental device is designed in consideration of not only solving the problem of reinforcement smoothly but also minimizing the influence on the flow field.
3. The experimental device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation and reliable use effect, so that the experimental device has strong reproducibility and can be popularized to other similar water tank experimental devices. According to the invention, through the reinforcing structure of the counterweight plate and the metal wire, the problem of bottom surface slippage of the flexible water bag breakwater structure can be properly and reliably solved. The used materials are simple and easy to obtain, and the experimental device has a simple structure and is particularly practical. Therefore, the experimental device provided by the invention is very high in operability and repeatability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simple three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the experiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a frame diagram of an experimental model of a water bag breakwater of the invention
FIG. 3 is a side view of the experimental overall arrangement of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a steel sheet used in the present invention
In the figure: the water bag breakwater comprises, by weight, 1-thin steel plate, 2-thin steel wires, 3-water bag breakwater model frame, 4-water bag breakwater model inner interlayer, 5-water bag breakwater model, 6-wave height instrument, 7-water bag water inlet and outlet, 8-water pressure monitor, 9-steel wire connecting ring and 10-rectangular iron frame. 11-counterweight steel plate.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the invention is a physical model experimental device, and is mainly used for solving the problem of how to fix a flexible water bag breakwater in a glass wave water tank, and comprises the glass wave water tank, a flexible water bag breakwater model, a first counterweight plate, a wave height gauge and a water pressure monitor; the flexible water bag breakwater model is arranged in the glass wave water tank; the front side and the rear side of the flexible water bag breakwater model are respectively provided with a first counterweight plate, and the first counterweight plates are connected with the flexible water bag breakwater model through metal wires; the wave height meters are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the flexible water bag breakwater model; the water pressure monitor is arranged inside the flexible water bag breakwater model; and a second counterweight plate is arranged at the bottom of the flexible water bag breakwater model.
In one embodiment of the invention, the device is constructed and tested as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of experimental model
The experimental model is characterized in that the surface of the experimental model is made of flexible rubber materials, and the experimental model has no stable form.
Therefore, a model frame is first constructed, and a rubber film is covered on the water bag breakwater model frame 3. As shown in fig. 2, the water bag breakwater model frame 3 is formed by welding two rectangular iron frames 10 and a counterweight steel plate 11. Wherein, every rectangle iron stand 10 all welds and has two wire connection rings 9 that are used for connecting thin steel wire 2, and wire connection ring 9 welds two thirds of the high department apart from ground on rectangle iron stand 10.
Then, a whole piece of rubber film having a sufficiently large area is covered on the water bladder breakwater model frame 3, and trimming is performed. Wherein, the fixing mode of the rubber film and the water bag breakwater model frame 3 can be fixed by strong glue. Subsequently, the sizes required by the water bag water inlet/outlet 7 and the water pressure detector 8 are cut out at the corresponding positions on the surface of the film, and the watertight work of the water bag water inlet/outlet 7 and the installation work of the water pressure detector 8 are carried out.
And then, the inner interlayer 4 of the water bag breakwater model is installed through the side opening of the water bag. The interlayer divides the inner area of the water sac into four parts, and the interlayer can be cemented by strong glue. The side opening of the water sac can be sealed by cementing with glass with proper size or residual rubber.
And finally, injecting water into the water bag through a water inlet and outlet 7 of the water bag according to the required experimental working condition, and observing the water pressure in the water bag through a water pressure detector 8. After the work is finished, watertight treatment is carried out, and the water sac model is placed in a proper area of the experimental water tank.
Step two: experimental model fixing and wave height instrument mounting
The thin steel sheet 1 is placed at a distance twice or more the width of the breakwater from the front and back of the breakwater. It should be noted that the side of the steel sheet 1 welded with the wire connecting ring 9 should be the side close to the breakwater, and the two steel sheets 1 and the breakwater should be arranged symmetrically. Then, four thin steel wires 2 are connected to the water bag breakwater model 5 and the thin steel plate 1, respectively. It should be noted that the four steel filaments 2 should be under tension, and the tensile stress of the four steel filaments 2 is comparable. And finally, installing a wave height instrument 6 above the glass wave water tank in a mode of an iron frame. The wave height instrument 6 should be installed at a distance of 1.5m from the front and back of the breakwater. If a plurality of wave height instruments 6 are installed, the distance between every two wave height instruments 6 is 0.5m and above.
Step three: inspecting the experimental device to perform experiments
A final check of the entire experimental set-up is an essential step before starting the experiment. It should be checked first whether the experimental equipment and instruments are mounted in place and whether the joints are secure. And then, whether the corresponding monitoring instrument is in a normal state or not can work normally and read data. And finally, carrying out an experiment according to the set working condition wave generation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the first weight plate and the second weight plate are both thin steel plates, and the metal wire is selected to be a steel wire. The rubber film is wrapped on the rectangular iron frame to form the main part of the flexible water bag breakwater model, and the inner cavity of the flexible water bag breakwater model is filled with water to enable the cambered surface of the whole breakwater to be of a deformation structure, so the flexible water bag model is called as the flexible water bag. And a counterweight steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the breakwater structure, so that the gravity of the whole structure is increased. And thin steel plates are respectively placed at the front and the rear of the breakwater, and the thin steel plates are connected with the breakwater by the thin steel wires so as to provide a downward pulling force for the breakwater, increase the static pressure between the bottom surface of the breakwater and the ground of the glass wave water tank and achieve the purpose of avoiding the bottom surface of the breakwater from sliding.
Wherein, the edges and corners of the rectangular iron frame need to be chamfered. Moreover, the water bag breakwater needs to be subjected to watertight treatment by using glass cement and other similar materials.
Furthermore, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged at the position, close to the bottom surface, of one end of the breakwater model, and a water pressure monitor is arranged on the top surface. The interior of the breakwater is divided into four areas by rubber films so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the wave energy dissipation. Wherein, the end of the breakwater is provided with a connecting ring connected with the thin steel wire. The position of the connecting ring from the bottom surface is two thirds of the height of the whole breakwater.
Furthermore, in order to solve the problem that the largest difficulty of the water tank experiment is that the bottom surface of the breakwater does not slide, the invention adds a steel plate at the bottom of the breakwater, and also respectively arranges a steel plate at the front position and the rear position of the breakwater, and the breakwater is provided with a downward oblique pulling force under the condition that the wave is not influenced as much as possible. This is the main innovation of the present invention.
Wherein, the thickness of the front and back two thin steel plates is generally not more than 10mm, the length of the steel plate is close to the width of the water tank, and the width of the steel plate is preferably two times of the width of the breakwater and more than the width of the breakwater. And a steel wire connecting ring is welded at one end of the thin steel plate, which faces the breakwater, so that the steel wires can be conveniently connected. It should be noted that the two steel plates are of the same size.
Further, when waves act on the breakwater, the breakwater has a tendency to displace under the action of wave forces. The key point of the invention is that two symmetrical steel plates are distributed on the bottom surface of the water tank and are connected with the breakwater by steel wires, so that the steel plates generate a downward traction force on the breakwater, the maximum static friction force between the breakwater and the water tank is increased, and the purpose of preventing the bottom surface of the breakwater from sliding is achieved. The thin steel plate is selected to meet the required plate weight, and meanwhile, the influence of the geometric dimension on the flow field can be reduced as much as possible, so that the experimental error is reduced.
Furthermore, a wave height instrument is arranged at a position 1.5m away from the front and the back of the breakwater. The number of the single-side wave height instrument arrangement can be single or multiple. In particular, when the number of the wave height meters is plural, the wave height meter arrangement interval may be set to 0.5m or more.
Claims (5)
1. A water tank experimental device with a fixed bottom surface type flexible water bag breakwater structure is characterized by comprising a glass wave water tank, a flexible water bag breakwater model, a first counterweight plate, a wave height instrument and a water pressure monitor;
the flexible water bag breakwater model is arranged in the glass wave water tank; the front side and the rear side of the flexible water bag breakwater model are respectively provided with a first counterweight plate, and the first counterweight plates are connected with the flexible water bag breakwater model through metal wires; the wave height meters are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the flexible water bag breakwater model; the water pressure monitor is arranged inside the flexible water bag breakwater model; the bottom of the flexible water bag breakwater model is provided with a second counterweight plate;
the flexible water bag breakwater model comprises a rubber film and at least two supports, the supports are connected with the second counterweight plate, the rubber film is wrapped on the supports to form a closed structure, and a cavity in the closed structure is filled with water;
one end of the breakwater model is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the top surface of the breakwater model is provided with a water pressure monitor; the interior of the breakwater is divided into a plurality of areas by internal interlayers;
connecting rings connected with the metal wires are arranged at two ends of the breakwater model, and the distance between the connecting rings and the bottom surface is two thirds of the height of the whole breakwater; the first counterweight plate is provided with a connecting ring connected with the metal wire; the length of the first counterweight plate is the same as or similar to the width of the glass wave water tank, and the width of the first counterweight plate is more than or equal to twice the width of the breakwater model; the thickness of the first counterweight plate is not more than 10 mm.
2. The experimental facility for the water tank with the fixed bottom surface type flexible water bag breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein the support is a rectangular support, and the rectangular support is provided with a chamfer.
3. The experimental facility for the water tank with the fixed bottom surface type flexible water bag breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein the two first weight plates are identical.
4. The experimental facility for the water tank with the bottom fixed flexible water bag breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein the distance between the first weight plate and the breakwater model is greater than or equal to two times the width of the breakwater model; the thickness of the first counterweight plate is less than or equal to 10 mm.
5. The experimental facility for the water tank with the bottom fixed flexible water bag breakwater structure according to claim 1, wherein the wave height gauge is arranged at a distance of 1.5m from the front and the back of the breakwater model; the arrangement number of the single-side wave altimeters can be single or multiple; when the number of the single-side wave height meters is multiple, the arrangement interval of the wave height meters is more than or equal to 0.5 m.
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| JPH0819654B2 (en) * | 1989-11-16 | 1996-02-28 | 清水建設株式会社 | Flexible mound |
| CN202157301U (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-03-07 | 河海大学 | Breakwater |
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