CN109055772A - A kind of process for electroslag remelting - Google Patents
A kind of process for electroslag remelting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109055772A CN109055772A CN201811256569.9A CN201811256569A CN109055772A CN 109055772 A CN109055772 A CN 109055772A CN 201811256569 A CN201811256569 A CN 201811256569A CN 109055772 A CN109055772 A CN 109055772A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sandwich
- type cooler
- distance
- electroslag remelting
- esr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of process for electroslag remelting, belong to electroslag remelting technique field.Process for electroslag remelting, comprising: a sandwich-type cooler is placed in the through-hole being opened in electrode billet used in electroslag remelting along the vertical direction, the sandwich-type cooler and cooling recirculation system insulation connect；In esr process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, to reduce the temperature in the ESR ingot centre.The temperature of electrode billet bore area and hull-skin temperature are close under the action of the sandwich-type cooler, in esr process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, to reduce the temperature in the ESR ingot centre, so that metal bath is in shallow flat, liquidus curve promotes to form equiax crystal, avoids alloying metal element caused by coring in cross-sectional distribution non-uniform phenomenon basically perpendicular to longitudinal direction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electroslag remelting technique fields, and in particular to a kind of process for electroslag remelting.
Background technique
Now widely used mould steel, high-speed steel, it is impossible to meet the clients increasingly changed with isotropism for toughness
Demand.Especially in large-scale die casting, big section non-ferrous metal (aluminium alloy) extrusion, precision forging die and complicated cutting tool
Aspect, with equipment automatization, intelligentized development, the working condition of mold increasingly deteriorates, traditional mould steel, high-speed steel
It is not able to satisfy the market demand.High tenacity, high iso big section hot die steel are produced, is manufactured as raw material high-quality
Amount, the large mold of long-life, cutting tool be Hyundai Motor, electronic appliance, rail vehicle transportation industry development demand.
Big cross-section mold steel, the toughness of high-speed steel, isotropism are insufficient the reason is that steel alloy institute in crystallization process
The Aliquation carbide necessarily led to, the generated segregation of dendrite selective crystallization, carbon, other alloying elements are with state of aggregation
Form is enriched in certain regional areas inside steel.The visible Aliquation carbide of metallographic observation and black after the heated forging of steel ingot
White alternate banded structure, this phenomenon are especially serious at the center of big section ESR ingot.Research shows that: the liquation more than 3 μm
Every square millimeter of carbide increases to 2 from 1, and the ductility of steel will reduce by about one time.Therefore, North America die casting association etc.
Tissue promulgates advanced die casting die material acceptance criteria, it is determined that banded structure, nonmetal inclusion, impact flexibility etc. can connect
The grade received.It eliminates Aliquation carbide, eliminate banded structure, be effective means using high temperature diffusion annealing and about-sledge.
And in esr process, using the process of directional solidification as far as possible, improve the quality of ESR ingot, reduce segregation and
Secondary dendrite spacing, the isotropism for improving interior tissue have vital influence.
Summary of the invention
In consideration of it, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of process for electroslag remelting, to effectively improve the above problem.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of process for electroslag remelting, are made being opened in electroslag remelting along the vertical direction
A sandwich-type cooler is placed in through-hole in electrode billet, the sandwich-type cooler and cooling recirculation system insulation connect
It connects；In esr process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, to reduce the ESR ingot center
The temperature at position.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, in the esr process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler with
The distance of ESR ingot, comprising: at electroslag remelting initial stage, adjusting the sandwich-type cooler makes it apart from the distance of the ESR ingot
For first distance；With the progress of esr process, adjust the sandwich-type cooler make its apart from the ESR ingot away from
From for second distance, the second distance is less than the first distance.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, it is described by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, packet
It includes: in esr process, the folder being adjusted according to the temperature for the thermocouple for being placed in the sandwich-type cooler inner surface
Laminar cooler is at a distance from ESR ingot.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, it is being opened in electrode billet used in electroslag remelting along the vertical direction described
On through-hole in place a sandwich-type cooler before, the method also includes edges in the electrode billet used in electroslag remelting
Vertical direction opens up one through-hole.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, one is opened up along the vertical direction in the electrode billet used in electroslag remelting
Through-hole, comprising: the center of the electrode billet used in electroslag remelting open up along the vertical direction a diameter be 50-120mm
Through-hole.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, the sandwich-type cooler includes: outer tube and is placed in the outer tube
Empty inner tube, the top of the hollow bowl exceed the top of the outer tube, and the bottom end of the hollow bowl is connected to the outer tube,
The outer tube offers outlet close to top side, and when cooling, cooling medium enters from the top of the hollow bowl, flows through institute
The interlayer between hollow bowl and outer tube is stated, is discharged through the outlet.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, it is spaced apart on the tube wall of the hollow bowl of bottom end and is equipped with multiple sides
Hole.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the side opening is 1/8th of the hollow bowl diameter.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, the pipe thickness of the outer tube is between 3-10mm.
In optional embodiment of the present invention, the material of the hollow bowl is stainless steel, and the material of the outer tube is low
Carbon steel.
Process for electroslag remelting provided in an embodiment of the present invention, comprising: be opened in electroslag remelting institute along the vertical direction
A sandwich-type cooler is placed in the through-hole in electrode billet used, the sandwich-type cooler and cooling recirculation system insulation connect
It connects；In esr process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, to reduce the ESR ingot center
The temperature at position.The temperature of electrode billet bore area and hull-skin temperature are close under the action of the sandwich-type cooler, in electricity
In slag reflow process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, to reduce the ESR ingot centre
Temperature so that metal bath is in shallow flat, liquidus curve promotes to form equiax crystal, avoids crystallization inclined basically perpendicular to longitudinal
Alloying metal element caused by analysis is in cross-sectional distribution non-uniform phenomenon.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in subsequent specification, also, partly be become from specification
It is clear that being understood by implementing the embodiment of the present invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be by written
Specifically noted structure is achieved and obtained in specification, claims and attached drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.By the way that shown in attached drawing, above and other purpose of the invention, feature and advantage will be more clear.In whole
Identical appended drawing reference indicates identical part in attached drawing.Attached drawing, emphasis deliberately are not drawn by actual size equal proportion scaling
It is to show the gist of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of flow diagram of process for electroslag remelting provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic illustrations of existing electroslag remelting technique.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic illustration of electroslag remelting technique provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the structural schematic diagram in sandwich-type cooler provided in an embodiment of the present invention source.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The present invention being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings is implemented
The component of example can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations.
Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below claimed
The scope of the present invention, but be merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
It should also be noted that similar label and letter indicate similar terms in following attached drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi
It is defined in a attached drawing, does not then need that it is further defined and explained in subsequent attached drawing.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or be somebody's turn to do
Invention product using when the orientation or positional relationship usually put, be merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, without
It is that the device of indication or suggestion meaning or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore not
It can be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " third " etc. are only used for distinguishing description, and cannot manage
Solution is indication or suggestion relative importance.Furthermore term "and/or" in the application, only it is a kind of describe affiliated partner pass
Connection relationship indicates may exist three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B, can indicate: individualism A exists simultaneously A and B, individually
There are these three situations of B.
In addition, the terms such as term "horizontal", "vertical", " pendency " are not offered as requiring component abswolute level or pendency, and
It is that can be slightly tilted.It is not to indicate the structure if "horizontal" only refers to that its direction is more horizontal with respect to for "vertical"
It has to fully horizontally, but can be slightly tilted.
In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to which explanation is unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " setting ",
" installation ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection or one
Connect to body；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, it can also be indirect by intermediary
It is connected, can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, on being understood with concrete condition
State the concrete meaning of term in the present invention.
Hot die steel usually contains the alloying element that Cr, Mo, V etc. improve steel red hardness, generates in process of setting
Aliquation carbide and banded structure due to dendritic segregation.Aliquation carbide and dendritic segregation make the toughness of steel and each to same
Tropism substantially reduces, and is not able to satisfy the harsh operating environment such as die casting, extrusion and precision forging using the mold materials of this tissue
Requirement, die life is very low, in addition occur mold entirety cracking phenomena.It is external domestic in the past 20 years successively research and develop it is high to
Property, high tenacity mould steel using homogenizing and the method for about-sledge, typical production process is electric arc furnaces (intermediate frequency furnace) → steel
Packet refining → vacuum degassing → ingot casting → electroslag remelting → homogenizes → forges → crystal grain refinement → full annealing.This technique side
Homogenize process will be in 1240 ~ for method section hot die steel big for ESR ingot (thickness is more than 200 millimeters of section)
1300 DEG C of heat preservations some times (20 hours), nevertheless, still can also find liquation carbonization at steel organization center position
Object and due to dendritic segregation generate banded structure.
Wherein, it should be noted that be inventor by practice and careful for defect present in above scheme
It is being obtained after research as a result, therefore, the discovery procedure of the above problem and the hereinafter embodiment of the present invention institute regarding to the issue above
The solution of proposition all should be the contribution that inventor makes the present invention in process of the present invention.
In consideration of it, the banded structure that the present invention is generated for the Aliquation carbide and dendritic segregation of high-grade mould steel, is adopted
With electroslag remelting process method as shown in Figure 1, significantly eliminates Aliquation carbide and shorten distance between secondary dendrite.To subtract
The pressure of light homogenize process.It is more uniform, thorough in identical homogenize process temperature, the identical time acquisition tissue that homogenizes
Eliminate Aliquation carbide and the banded structure as caused by dendritic segregation in bottom.It is carried out below in conjunction with step described in Fig. 1
Explanation.
Step S101: an interlayer is placed in the through-hole being opened in electrode billet used in electroslag remelting along the vertical direction
Formula cooler, the sandwich-type cooler and cooling recirculation system insulation connect.
In the embodiment of the present application, a sandwich-type cooler is placed in and is opened in used in electroslag remelting along the vertical direction
In through-hole in electrode billet, the temperature of electrode billet bore area connects with hull-skin temperature under the action of the sandwich-type cooler
Closely, to form flat metal bath.
Wherein, the sandwich-type cooler and cooling recirculation system insulation connect, by the way of air cooling or water cooling, the band leakage of electricity
The a large amount of thermal energy generated during slag weight is molten, it is intended to improve the central tissue of electroslag remelting steel ingot.
Wherein, it should be noted that electrode billet used in electroslag remelting after annealing, according to the size of electrode billet at it
Center processes the through-hole that a diameter is 50-120mm along the vertical direction.The size tool of through-hole is determining according to the diameter of electrode billet,
Such as electrode billet diameter, less than 300 millimeters, the diameter of central through hole is 50 millimeters；500 millimeters of 300 ~ of electrode billet diameter, center
The diameter of through-hole is 80 millimeters；Electrode billet diameter is more than 500 millimeters, and the diameter of central through hole is 120 millimeters.
Wherein, since electrode billet center processes the centre bore that a diameter is φ 50-120 millimeters, in electroslag remelting
Electrode billet centre bore can not play arc discharge, reduce the heat supply in centre, be conducive to the formation in shallow flat molten bath.Simultaneously
Under the action of sandwich-type cooler, the overtemperature near electrode billet centre bore is controlled, i.e., cooling hole centre is molten
The metal temperature of change is lower, causes the temperature at molten bath center to reduce, whole knot crystal orientation horizontal direction is approached.
Step S102: in esr process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, to reduce
The temperature in the ESR ingot centre.
In esr process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, to reduce the electroslag
The temperature in ingot centre, so that the temperature in ESR ingot centre is controlled, thus in entire electroslag weight from below to up
During molten, molten bath is in shallow level state always.Under such crystallization condition, the crystalline quality of entire ESR ingot is available
Guarantee.
Wherein, sandwich-type cooler adjusts at a distance from the top of the slag or metal bath surface with the fusing process of electroslag remelting
When, can be adjusted according to the temperature for the thermocouple for being placed in the sandwich-type cooler inner surface sandwich-type cooler with
The distance of ESR ingot.Optionally, at electroslag remelting initial stage, adjust the sandwich-type cooler make its apart from the ESR ingot away from
From for first distance；With the progress of esr process, adjusting the sandwich-type cooler makes it apart from the ESR ingot
Distance is second distance, and the second distance is less than the first distance.Further, electroslag remelting initial stage, before crystallization
Along being closer with bottom seeding plate, crystal plane itself is in shallow level state, at this time sandwich-type cooler and remelting slag or metal
The distance in molten bath is farther out.With the progress of reflow process, crystal plane is more and more remoter at a distance from bottom surface, and the heat of bottom surface outflow is got over
Come fewer, the temperature in ESR ingot centre is higher and higher, and cooler is more next at a distance from the top of the slag or metal bath surface at this time
Nearlyr (adjustment sandwich-type cooler shortens it therewith at a distance from the top of the slag), control ESR ingot center crystallization temperature is in opposite
Reduced levels.In the case where improving the molten speed of electroslag remelting, it is appropriate shorten sandwich-type cooler and metal bath or the top of the slag away from
From to guarantee the internal crystallization quality of ESR ingot.
Wherein, the above process in order to facilitate understanding, can be illustrated refering to schematic diagram described in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Wherein,
Fig. 2 is the schematic illustration of existing electroslag remelting technique；Fig. 3 is that the principle of electroslag remelting technique provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to.
Wherein it is possible to which structural schematic diagram as shown in connection with fig. 4 is illustrated above-mentioned sandwich-type cooler.Wherein, institute
The hollow bowl that sandwich-type cooler includes: outer tube He is placed in the outer tube is stated, the top of the hollow bowl is beyond described
The top of outer tube, the bottom end of the hollow bowl are connected to the outer tube, and the outer tube offers outlet close to top side, cold
When but, cooling medium enters from the top of the hollow bowl, the interlayer between the hollow bowl and outer tube is flowed through, through described
Outlet discharge.
Optionally, it is spaced apart on the tube wall of the hollow bowl of bottom end and is equipped with multiple side openings, for example, close to bottom end
The hollow bowl tube wall on be spaced apart be equipped with 8-12 side opening.In the present embodiment, for increase cooling medium flow,
8-12 side opening is processed in inner tube lower part.
Optionally, the diameter of the side opening is 1/8th of the hollow bowl diameter.Wherein, in the present embodiment, folder
Laminar cooler outer diameter is less than the diameter of bore of electrode billet, as needed can be using air cooling or the type of cooling of water cooling.It is cooling
It insulate and connects between the circulatory system and the sandwich-type cooler being placed in electrode billet.Cooling medium passes through heat transfer, convection current and heat
Radiation absorption electrode billet center heat, so that the center in electrode billet section significantly reduces with outer round surface temperature difference, metal is molten
Pond is in shallow flat.Wherein, for the outer diameter of sandwich-type cooler between 45-115mm, sandwich-type cooler outer diameter is less than electrode
The diameter of bore of base.
Optionally, the material of the hollow bowl is stainless steel, and the material of the outer tube is mild steel.Optionally, described
The pipe thickness of outer tube is between 3-10mm.In the present embodiment, cooling medium is from the top of the poor hollow bowl of thermal conductivity
End enters, and flows through the interlayer between the hollow bowl and outer tube, is discharged through the outlet.The wherein outer tube of sandwich-type cooler
It is made of the preferable mild steel of thermal conductivity, wall thickness is between 3-10 millimeters.
Wherein, it should be noted that sandwich-type cooler is protected in entire esr process with metal or the remelting top of the slag
Certain distance is held, which needs to adjust in remelting initial stage, mid-term and feeding later period.Under conditions of production safety, to the greatest extent may be used
Sandwich-type cooler device be can be shortened at a distance from liquid metal surface or the remelting top of the slag, reaching reduces reflow process ESR ingot center
The temperature at position.The position of sandwich-type cooler is located at the top of the slag above according to needing to adjust position, and with reflow process to moving up
It is dynamic.
It should be noted that all the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment weight
Point explanation is the difference from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of process for electroslag remelting characterized by comprising
A sandwich-type cooler is placed in the through-hole being opened in electrode billet used in electroslag remelting along the vertical direction, it is described
Sandwich-type cooler and cooling recirculation system insulation connect；
In esr process, by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler at a distance from ESR ingot, to reduce in the ESR ingot
The temperature of center portion position.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the esr process, by adjusting the interlayer
Formula cooler is at a distance from ESR ingot, comprising:
At electroslag remelting initial stage, the distance first distance that the sandwich-type cooler makes it apart from the ESR ingot is adjusted；
With the progress of esr process, the distance second that the sandwich-type cooler makes it apart from the ESR ingot is adjusted
Distance, the second distance are less than the first distance.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein described by adjusting the sandwich-type cooler and ESR ingot
Distance, comprising:
In esr process, the folder is adjusted according to the temperature for the thermocouple for being placed in the sandwich-type cooler inner surface
Laminar cooler is at a distance from ESR ingot.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein being made described being opened in electroslag remelting along the vertical direction
Before placing a sandwich-type cooler in through-hole in electrode billet, the method also includes:
One through-hole is opened up in the electrode billet used in electroslag remelting along the vertical direction.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, along vertical in the electrode billet used in electroslag remelting
Direction opens up one through-hole, comprising:
The center of the electrode billet used in electroslag remelting opens up the through-hole that a diameter is 50-120mm along the vertical direction.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the sandwich-type cooler includes: outer tube and is placed in described
Hollow bowl in outer tube, the top of the hollow bowl exceed the top of the outer tube, the bottom end of the hollow bowl and institute
Outer tube connection is stated, the outer tube offers outlet close to top side, and when cooling down, cooling medium is from the top of the hollow bowl
Into, flow through the interlayer between the hollow bowl and outer tube, through the outlet be discharged.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, being spaced apart on the tube wall of the hollow bowl of bottom end
Equipped with multiple side openings.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the diameter of the side opening is the eight of the hollow bowl diameter
/ mono-.
9. method a method according to any one of claims 6-8, which is characterized in that the pipe thickness of the outer tube is in 3-
Between 10mm.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the material of the hollow bowl is stainless steel, the outer tube
Material be mild steel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811256569.9A CN109055772B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Electroslag remelting process method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811256569.9A CN109055772B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Electroslag remelting process method |
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| CN109055772A true CN109055772A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
| CN109055772B CN109055772B (en) | 2020-03-17 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0577997A1 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1994-01-12 | The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. | Electrode for electroslag remelting and process of producing alloy using the same |
| JP2015098635A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-28 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Electrode for electroslag re-melting and method of producing high-nitrogen-content steel |
-
2018
- 2018-10-25 CN CN201811256569.9A patent/CN109055772B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0577997A1 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1994-01-12 | The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. | Electrode for electroslag remelting and process of producing alloy using the same |
| JP2015098635A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-28 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Electrode for electroslag re-melting and method of producing high-nitrogen-content steel |
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| CN109055772B (en) | 2020-03-17 |
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