CN109046039A - A kind of antibacterial carbon membrane and preparation method thereof based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder - Google Patents
A kind of antibacterial carbon membrane and preparation method thereof based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder Download PDFInfo
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- CN109046039A CN109046039A CN201811195294.2A CN201811195294A CN109046039A CN 109046039 A CN109046039 A CN 109046039A CN 201811195294 A CN201811195294 A CN 201811195294A CN 109046039 A CN109046039 A CN 109046039A
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- Prior art keywords
- binder
- antibacterial
- macromolecule
- carbon membrane
- carbon
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010010254 Concussion Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009514 concussion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004534 enameling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0076—Pretreatment of inorganic membrane material prior to membrane formation, e.g. coating of metal powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/021—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/48—Antimicrobial properties
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of antibacterial carbon membrane and preparation method thereof based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder.PE binder common during carbon membrane sinter molding is subjected to metal ion sputter process first, forms the modified high-molecular PE binder with metal ion adherency;Then the modified binder is sufficiently mixed with Powdered Activated Carbon;Mixed modified PE binder and Powdered Activated Carbon are finally subjected to high temperature sintering molding.Preparation method provided by the invention makes heavy metal ion form the nano particle with strong bacteriostasis property under high temperature reducing conditions, and the softening of macromolecule PE binder is distributed in the gap of Powdered Activated Carbon, to make the carbon membrane bacteriostasis efficacy with higher of preparation.In addition, the antibacterial carbon membrane prepared in this approach is on the basis of can efficiently filter out the micro polluting substances such as chlorine residue, organic matter, middle water inlet, the breeding that microorganism can persistently be effectively inhibited, avoid carbon membrane it is smelly, blocking, can be widely applied in all kinds of water purification installations and engineering of water treatment equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Water warfare fields, and in particular to a kind of antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder.
Background technique
It is serious because of environmental pollution, with the improvement of living standards, Drinking Water health and safety is increasingly by people
Concern and attention, China's water purification industry rapidly develop, possess potential hundred billion grades of market scale, all kinds of water purification products are therewith
It arises.
Based on the core element that the carbon membrane that active carbon is prepared is in Domestic water purifying product, function is that (1) removes
Chlorine residue in water;(2) micro polluting substances such as Organic substance in water, heavy metal are adsorbed;(3) filtering solid particles object reduces water turbidity;
(4) decoloration de-tastes, improves water body mouthfeel.However, carbon membrane is strong because filtering adsorption capacity, normal bacterium easy to breed, to cause charcoal
The problems such as film is smelly, surface grows mucous membrane and blocks.Currently existing manufacturer is made by way of adding antibacterial agent into carbon membrane
Standby antibacterial carbon membrane, however this method exists and causes bacteriostasis efficacy weak, no because antibacterial material cannot be effectively scattered in carbon membrane
It can effectively solve the problems such as smelly, exist simultaneously high production cost, complex process, be unable to suitable for multiple sizes pattern etc. and asking
Topic.
The basic material of carbon membrane is configured to macromolecule PE binder and Powdered Activated Carbon, wherein macromolecule PE binder
Quality accounting is about 15-35%.The preparation process of carbon membrane makes after mixing macromolecule PE binder and Powdered Activated Carbon, then through pressing
Furnace high-temperature firing stripping forming is being baked after forcing casting.Macromolecule PE binder as the molding most crucial material of carbon membrane,
It is evenly distributed between Powdered Activated Carbon.It is therefore believed that so that macromolecule PE binder is had anti-microbial property is that can most ensure
Carbon membrane integrally has the most effective mode of anti-microbial property.
For this purpose, a kind of antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder of invention, utilizes the preparation of carbon membrane
Technique and microstructure feature, by the way that macromolecule PE binder common in carbon membrane sinter molding is carried out ion sputtering processing,
The modified high-molecular PE binder of metal ion adherency is formed it into, then the modified binder is sufficiently mixed with Powdered Activated Carbon
It is sintered certain time under the conditions of certain temperature after uniformly, makes its molding.During sinter molding, the metal ion is in high temperature
The nano particle with bacteriostasis property is formed under reducing condition, so that modified high-molecular PE binder has biocidal property, antibacterial height
Molecule PE binder softens and is uniformly distributed in the gap of Powdered Activated Carbon, so that long-acting, antibacterial effect is played to carbon membrane,
Efficiently solve the problems such as carbon membrane easily breeds bacterium, easy, smelly, easy blocking.This method have produce it is efficient, quick, low at
Originally, many advantages, such as bacteriostasis efficacy spectrum.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is aiming at the problems and shortcomings existing in the prior art, to provide a kind of based on suppression
The antibacterial carbon membrane and preparation method thereof of bacterium macromolecule PE binder, the antibacterial carbon membrane prepared can effectively filter out micro- pollution in water body
Substance, prevents bacteria breed, solves that carbon membrane is smelly, blockage problem.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is the following technical schemes are provided: a kind of suppression based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder
Bacterium carbon membrane, which is characterized in that the microstructure of the carbon membrane includes antibacterial macromolecule PE particle, Powdered Activated Carbon, described antibacterial
Macromolecule PE particle is uniformly distributed in the Powdered Activated Carbon, and the antibacterial macromolecule PE particle is as binder even adhesion
The Powdered Activated Carbon.
Further, a kind of preparation method of the antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
(1) modified high-molecular PE binder is prepared: by modes such as concussions to common high during carbon membrane sinter molding
Molecule PE binder carries out metal ion sputter process, and metal ion targeting is embedded into the macromolecule PE binder material
In, modified high-molecular PE binder is made;
(2) modified high-molecular PE binder made from the step (1) and Powdered Activated Carbon are sufficiently mixed uniformly, it is described
The quality accounting of modified high-molecular PE binder is about 15-35%;
(3) the modified high-molecular PE binder and Powdered Activated Carbon that are uniformly mixed in step (2) sinter molding: are passed through into list
Grinding tool material filling, compression, and the antibacterial charcoal based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder is made in roasting certain time at a certain temperature
Film.
It is further limited as of the invention, metal ion is silver, copper etc. in the preparation method step (1).
Concrete principle of the invention is as follows: the present invention, which is used, carries out metal ion (silver, copper etc.) to macromolecule PE binder
Metal ion (silver, copper etc.) targeting is embedded into macromolecule PE binder material, recycles active carbon table by ion sputtering processing
Face has the reproducibilities groups such as many hydroxyls, when carbon membrane in enameling furnace fire by 200 DEG C of high temperature, metal ion (silver, copper
Deng) the nano metal ion with strength bacteriostasis efficacy is prepared by in-situ reducing.Meanwhile these nano metal ions are embedded into
It on macromolecule PE binder, is not easy to be washed in the use process of the finished product Carbon rod filter element prepared, to ensure
Thus the security performance of the antibacterial carbon membrane of method preparation.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The preparation method of a kind of antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder of the present invention, because height will be modified
By forming with the uniform mixed sintering of Powdered Activated Carbon, heavy metal ion is formed molecule PE binder under conditions of high temperature reduction
Nano particle with strong bacteriostasis property, antibacterial macromolecule PE binder soften and are uniformly distributed in the gap of Powdered Activated Carbon
In, have the advantage that the carbon membrane of preparation
1, the antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder of method of the invention preparation is realizing physical filtering
Meanwhile, it is capable to long-acting, uniform bacteriostasis efficacy is played, it being capable of comprehensive decontamination water quality;
2, the antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder of method of the invention preparation, makes in antibacterial system
With the micro polluting substances such as bacterium, chlorine residue are filtered out in preamble filtering, the membrane filter in after-treatment system is preferably protected, prolongs
Long life, while the not usage amount of filter core can be saved in after-treatment system, the replacement number of membrane filter is reduced, is effectively dropped
Low use cost.
3, the antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder of method preparation of the invention, can prevent bacterial reproduction from
And preventing the problems such as carbon membrane is smelly, colloid breeds blocking, practical easy to operate, lower production costs are convenient for marketing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the preparation technology flow chart of the antibacterial carbon membrane of the invention based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder;
Fig. 2 is to prepare nano-Ag particles electron microscope in antibacterial charcoal membrane filter (B1) sectional drawing in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and embodiments to technical solution of the present invention make into
One step understands, detailed complete describes, it is clear that described embodiment is served only for that the present invention is further illustrated, cannot
It is interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art is according to above-mentioned hair
Bright content makes some nonessential changes and adjustment, all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Plug is taken to receive 2 kilograms of Nice macromolecule PE rubber powder (80-200 mesh), with Microhezao GVC-1000 ion sputtering instrument
It sputters silver ion 5 seconds in batches, silver carried polymer PE rubber powder is made.By silver-colored carried polymer PE rubber powder obtained and conventional height
Molecule PE rubber powder with the coconut activated powdered carbon of 80-200 purpose (mass ratio of powdered carbon and rubber powder is 4: 1), passes through single grinding tool respectively
Material filling, compression demould after being sintered 1.5 hours under the conditions of 190 DEG C and the antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder are made
Filter core B1 and common charcoal membrane filter A1.
Embodiment 2
The Antifungal activity of the common charcoal membrane filter A1 and antibacterial charcoal membrane filter B1 based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder is evaluated and tested
Make by oneself a household water filter for test test, the household water filter takes double-stage filtering structure, the first order
For 5 microns of PP cottons, common charcoal membrane filter A1 and the antibacterial charcoal membrane filtration based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder is respectively adopted in the second level
Core B1 carries out long-acting degerming antibacterial test by source water of tap water, is discharged 100L daily, tracks 100 days, respectively 0,1000L,
3000L, 5000L, 7000L water sampling carry out miscellaneous bacteria total plate count test experiments.Test experiments result such as the following table 1:
Table 1:A1 and the long-acting degerming antibacterial efficacy experimental data of B1
Flow (L) | The water purifier total plate count (cfu/ml) of A1 | The water purifier total plate count (cfu/ml) of B1 |
0 | 0 | 0 |
1000 | 600 | 0 |
3000 | 1500 | 15 |
5000 | 8800 | 28 |
7000 | 13400 | 55 |
Note: carbon membrane size: outer diameter 45mm, internal diameter 22mm, long 220mm.
As can be seen that the antibacterial charcoal membrane filter B1 based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder can be effective from 1 experimental data of table
Inhibit the growth of microorganism.In addition, taking out carbon membrane after filtering water reaches 5000L hears its smell, common charcoal can be obviously smelt
Occur fishlike smell on membrane filter A1, and is occurred based on the antibacterial charcoal membrane filter B1 of antibacterial macromolecule PE binder without bad smell.
Embodiment 3
The chlorine residue of the common charcoal membrane filter A1 and antibacterial charcoal membrane filter B1 based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder removes efficiency
Evaluation and test
The challenge water that configuration contents of residual chlorine is 2.0ppm is tested common charcoal membrane filter A1 and is based under 0.3bar pressure
The chlorine residue of the antibacterial charcoal membrane filter B1 of antibacterial macromolecule PE binder removes efficiency, and survey water inventory is 7000L.Test experiments result
Such as the following table 2:
Table 2:A1 and B1 chlorine residue removal rate experimental data
Flow (L) | The chlorine residue removal rate (%) of A1 | The chlorine residue removal rate (%) of B1 |
0 | 99 | 99 |
1000 | 99 | 99 |
3000 | 99 | 97 |
5000 | 98 | 92 |
7000 | 96 | 95 |
Note: carbon membrane size: outer diameter 45mm, internal diameter 22mm, long 220mm.
From 2 experimental data of table as can be seen that common charcoal membrane filter A1 with based on the antibacterial of antibacterial macromolecule PE binder
Charcoal membrane filter B1 has good chlorine residue removal efficiency, and the antibacterial charcoal membrane filter B1 based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder is more general
The chlorine residue removal efficiency of logical charcoal membrane filter A1 is slightly decreased, but decline is very small, is able to satisfy the use demand of water purification product completely.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understand without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can to the present embodiment carry out it is a variety of variation, modification, replacement and
Modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder, which is characterized in that the microstructure of the carbon membrane includes
Antibacterial macromolecule PE particle, Powdered Activated Carbon, the antibacterial macromolecule PE particle are uniformly distributed in the Powdered Activated Carbon, institute
Antibacterial macromolecule PE particle is stated as Powdered Activated Carbon described in binder even adhesion.
2. a kind of a kind of preparation method of the antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder described in claim 1, special
Sign is, comprising the following steps:
(1) modified high-molecular PE binder is prepared: by modes such as concussions to common macromolecule during carbon membrane sinter molding
PE binder carries out metal ion sputter process, and metal ion targeting is embedded into the macromolecule PE binder material,
Modified high-molecular PE binder is made;
(2) modified high-molecular PE binder made from the step (1) and Powdered Activated Carbon are sufficiently mixed the uniformly modification
The quality accounting of macromolecule PE binder is about 15-35%;
(3) sinter molding: the modified high-molecular PE binder being uniformly mixed in step (2) and Powdered Activated Carbon are only ground by single
Have material filling, compression, and the antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder is made in roasting certain time at a certain temperature.
3. a kind of preparation method of antibacterial carbon membrane based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder according to claim 2, special
Sign is that metal ion is silver, copper etc. in the preparation method step (1).
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201811195294.2A CN109046039A (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | A kind of antibacterial carbon membrane and preparation method thereof based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201811195294.2A CN109046039A (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | A kind of antibacterial carbon membrane and preparation method thereof based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder |
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CN201811195294.2A Pending CN109046039A (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | A kind of antibacterial carbon membrane and preparation method thereof based on antibacterial macromolecule PE binder |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110075615A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-08-02 | 南通强生石墨烯科技有限公司 | A kind of composite water-purification filter element and preparation method thereof |
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CN103935081A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-07-23 | 东莞市万丰纳米材料有限公司 | Permeable material with inorganic sterilization effect, and preparation method thereof |
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KR100785686B1 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2007-12-14 | (주)한독크린텍 | Manufacturing method of carbon block filter |
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Application publication date: 20181221 |