CN109042015A - 一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法 - Google Patents
一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于棕榈种植技术领域，具体涉及一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，包括种子处理，当棕榈植株苗长高于50cm后，如果当天中午12点到14点，温度低于16℃，在对植株浇灌防治药剂。本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：本发明中通过对棕榈种子进行处理，能够有效提高其抗病性及耐寒性，配合在低温条件下的防治药剂的浇灌处理，能够促进植株根系生长的同时，预防植株根系腐烂，有效防治疫霉病，防效可达99%以上，不会有药物残留，不会对环境造成污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于棕榈种植技术领域，具体涉及一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法。
背景技术
棕榈藤是藤类植株，藤茎是制作家具及工艺品的理想材料，原藤是仅次于木材和竹材的中药林产品，具有很高的经济利用价值，我国的棕榈藤资源极其匮乏，为了降低进口成本，我国已经开始尝试规模化种植棕榈藤植株，棕榈植株疫霉病在我国棕榈植株栽培地的常见土壤传播病害，由疫霉属真菌引起，表现为心腐，传播速度快，一旦发现疫霉病病情，喷施药物，防治效果一般，只要感染就会造成较大的经济损失，目前主要采用药物喷施，虽然有一定的防治效果，但效果差，限制了其推广使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题，提供了一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，包括以下内容：
（1）种子处理：将所采集的种子在温度为40℃的水中浸泡3-4小时后，吸干表面的水分，放入质量浓度为2.8-4.2%的胆酸钠溶液，用强度为3.6-4.2J/cm²的脉冲强光照射20-30秒，取出后在温度为1-3℃的避光条件下保藏2小时，完成后进行催芽、播种；
（2）当棕榈植株苗长高于50cm后，如果当天中午12点到14点，温度低于16℃，在对植株浇灌防治药剂；
所述防治药剂包括以下组分的原料：L-苯丙氨酸12-16mg/L、无花果叶提取物18-22mg/L、代森锰锌0.2-0.8mg/L、吡啶盐30-40mg/L、洋葱提取液6-10ml/L、高锰酸钾3-5mg/L、钴胺素8-12mg/L、四水八硼酸钠16-20mg/L。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述种子的催芽在恒温催芽箱中催芽，温度保持29-33℃，湿度保持72-76%，催芽12-16小时即可。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述无花果叶提取物的制备方法为：将采集的无花果叶清洗后加入与其等重量的水，充分捣碎后将汁液沥出，在滤渣中加入相当于其重量4-6倍、质量浓度为75-85%的乙醇溶液，在温度为70℃的条件下提取4-6小时，完成后过滤，将滤液经蝶式离心、旋转蒸发至膏状后，与前述汁液混合即得。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述洋葱提取液的制备方法为将新鲜洋葱与相当于其重量20-30倍、重量浓度为40-50%的丙二醇水溶液混合，放入高压釜中，加热至135-145℃后保持2-3小时，完成后过滤，蒸馏，静置，即得。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述吡啶盐为十、十二、十四或十六烷基氯化吡啶或十、十二、十四或十六烷基溴化吡啶中的任意一种。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述防治药剂的浇灌量为160-200mg/株。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述防治药剂的浇灌时间为当天下午15点半到17点半。
代森锰锌能为植株提供锌元素，除解决缺锌的症状外，给植物增强抵抗病害的能力，从而相对地起到杀菌作用，难溶于水，不溶于大多数有机溶剂，但是能溶于吡啶中，现在通常用于防治西红柿早疫病和马铃薯晚疫病，防效明显，杀菌范围广，不易产生抗性，但在单独用于棕榈植株疫霉病的防治时，防效仅能达到70%左右，且在低温条件下防效会降低至50%左右。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：本发明中通过对棕榈种子进行处理，能够有效提高其抗病性及耐寒性，配合在低温条件下的防治药剂的浇灌处理，能够促进植株根系生长的同时，预防植株根系腐烂，有效防治疫霉病，防效可达99%以上，不会有药物残留，不会对环境造成污染。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，包括以下内容：
（1）种子处理：将所采集的种子在温度为40℃的水中浸泡3.5小时后，吸干表面的水分，放入质量浓度为3.6%的胆酸钠溶液，用强度为3.9J/cm²的脉冲强光照射25秒，取出后在温度为2℃的避光条件下保藏2小时，完成后进行催芽、播种；
（2）当棕榈植株苗长高于50cm后，如果当天中午12点到14点，温度低于16℃，在对植株浇灌防治药剂；
所述防治药剂包括以下组分的原料：L-苯丙氨酸14mg/L、无花果叶提取物20mg/L、代森锰锌0.5mg/L、吡啶盐35mg/L、洋葱提取液8ml/L、高锰酸钾4mg/L、钴胺素10mg/L、四水八硼酸钠18mg/L。
其中，所述种子的催芽在恒温催芽箱中催芽，温度保持31℃，湿度保持74%，催芽14小时即可。
其中，所述无花果叶提取物的制备方法为：将采集的无花果叶清洗后加入与其等重量的水，充分捣碎后将汁液沥出，在滤渣中加入相当于其重量5倍、质量浓度为80%的乙醇溶液，在温度为70℃的条件下提取5小时，完成后过滤，将滤液经蝶式离心、旋转蒸发至膏状后，与前述汁液混合即得。
其中，所述洋葱提取液的制备方法为将新鲜洋葱与相当于其重量25倍、重量浓度为45%的丙二醇水溶液混合，放入高压釜中，加热至140℃后保持2.5小时，完成后过滤，蒸馏，静置，即得。
其中，所述吡啶盐为十烷基氯化吡啶。
其中，所述防治药剂的浇灌量为180mg/株；所述防治药剂的浇灌时间为当天下午15点半到17点半。
实施例2
一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，包括以下内容：
（1）种子处理：将所采集的种子在温度为40℃的水中浸泡3小时后，吸干表面的水分，放入质量浓度为4.2%的胆酸钠溶液，用强度为3.6J/cm²的脉冲强光照射30秒，取出后在温度为3℃的避光条件下保藏2小时，完成后进行催芽、播种；
（2）当棕榈植株苗长高于50cm后，如果当天中午12点到14点，温度低于16℃，在对植株浇灌防治药剂；
所述防治药剂包括以下组分的原料：L-苯丙氨酸12mg/L、无花果叶提取物22mg/L、代森锰锌0.2mg/L、吡啶盐40mg/L、洋葱提取液6ml/L、高锰酸钾3mg/L、钴胺素12mg/L、四水八硼酸钠16mg/L。
其中，所述种子的催芽在恒温催芽箱中催芽，温度保持33℃，湿度保持76%，催芽12小时即可。
其中，所述无花果叶提取物的制备方法为：将采集的无花果叶清洗后加入与其等重量的水，充分捣碎后将汁液沥出，在滤渣中加入相当于其重量4倍、质量浓度为85%的乙醇溶液，在温度为70℃的条件下提取6小时，完成后过滤，将滤液经蝶式离心、旋转蒸发至膏状后，与前述汁液混合即得。
其中，所述洋葱提取液的制备方法为将新鲜洋葱与相当于其重量20倍、重量浓度为50%的丙二醇水溶液混合，放入高压釜中，加热至145℃后保持2小时，完成后过滤，蒸馏，静置，即得。
其中，所述吡啶盐为十二烷基溴化吡啶。
其中，所述防治药剂的浇灌量为160mg/株；所述防治药剂的浇灌时间为当天下午15点半到17点半。
实施例3
一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，包括以下内容：
（1）种子处理：将所采集的种子在温度为40℃的水中浸泡4小时后，吸干表面的水分，放入质量浓度为2.8%的胆酸钠溶液，用强度为4.2J/cm²的脉冲强光照射20秒，取出后在温度为1℃的避光条件下保藏2小时，完成后进行催芽、播种；
（2）当棕榈植株苗长高于50cm后，如果当天中午12点到14点，温度低于16℃，在对植株浇灌防治药剂；
所述防治药剂包括以下组分的原料：L-苯丙氨酸16mg/L、无花果叶提取物18mg/L、代森锰锌0.8mg/L、吡啶盐30mg/L、洋葱提取液10ml/L、高锰酸钾5mg/L、钴胺素8mg/L、四水八硼酸钠20mg/L。
其中，所述种子的催芽在恒温催芽箱中催芽，温度保持29℃，湿度保持72%，催芽16小时即可。
其中，所述无花果叶提取物的制备方法为：将采集的无花果叶清洗后加入与其等重量的水，充分捣碎后将汁液沥出，在滤渣中加入相当于其重量6倍、质量浓度为75%的乙醇溶液，在温度为70℃的条件下提取4小时，完成后过滤，将滤液经蝶式离心、旋转蒸发至膏状后，与前述汁液混合即得。
其中，所述洋葱提取液的制备方法为将新鲜洋葱与相当于其重量30倍、重量浓度为40%的丙二醇水溶液混合，放入高压釜中，加热至135℃后保持3小时，完成后过滤，蒸馏，静置，即得。
其中，所述吡啶盐为十六烷基溴化吡啶。
其中，所述防治药剂的浇灌量为200mg/株；所述防治药剂的浇灌时间为当天下午15点半到17点半。
设置对照组1，将实施例1中步骤（1）去掉，其余内容不变；设置对照组2，将实施例1中无花果叶提取去掉，其余内容不变；设置对照组3，将实施例1中洋葱提取液去掉，其余内容不变；设置对照组4，将实施例1中四水八硼酸钠去掉，其余内容不变；设置空白组为清水；
设置棕榈藤品种为黄藤，在第一年11月上旬采种，统一育苗后在大田种植，种植密度为1200-1400株/公顷，在第二年11月开始按照本发明中方法管理至第三年1月结束，设置10m×10m，每个处理4个重复，该阶段累积降雨量420mm，气象条件有利于疫霉病发生，根据Duncan新复极差法进行统计，得到相对防效效率为以下结果：
表1
| 组别 | 相对防效效率（%） |
| 实施例1 | 100 |
| 实施例2 | 100 |
| 实施例3 | 99.4 |
| 对照组1 | 92.5 |
| 对照组2 | 83.9 |
| 对照组3 | 79.6 |
| 对照组4 | 85.8 |
| 空白组 | 51.3 |
通过表1中数据可以看出，本发明中在低温条件（冬季）下预防效果显著，经检测，植株内无药物残留。
Claims (7)
1.一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，包括以下内容：
（1）种子处理：将所采集的种子在温度为40℃的水中浸泡3-4小时后，吸干表面的水分，放入质量浓度为2.8-4.2%的胆酸钠溶液，用强度为3.6-4.2J/cm²的脉冲强光照射20-30秒，取出后在温度为1-3℃的避光条件下保藏2小时，完成后进行催芽、播种；
（2）当棕榈植株苗长高于50cm后，如果当天中午12点到14点，温度低于16℃，在对植株浇灌防治药剂；
所述防治药剂包括以下组分的原料：L-苯丙氨酸12-16mg/L、无花果叶提取物18-22mg/L、代森锰锌0.2-0.8mg/L、吡啶盐30-40mg/L、洋葱提取液6-10ml/L、高锰酸钾3-5mg/L、钴胺素8-12mg/L、四水八硼酸钠16-20mg/L。
2.如权利要求1所述一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，所述种子的催芽在恒温催芽箱中催芽，温度保持29-33℃，湿度保持72-76%，催芽12-16小时即可。
3.如权利要求1所述一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，所述无花果叶提取物的制备方法为：将采集的无花果叶清洗后加入与其等重量的水，充分捣碎后将汁液沥出，在滤渣中加入相当于其重量4-6倍、质量浓度为75-85%的乙醇溶液，在温度为70℃的条件下提取4-6小时，完成后过滤，将滤液经蝶式离心、旋转蒸发至膏状后，与前述汁液混合即得。
4.如权利要求1所述一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，所述洋葱提取液的制备方法为将新鲜洋葱与相当于其重量20-30倍、重量浓度为40-50%的丙二醇水溶液混合，放入高压釜中，加热至135-145℃后保持2-3小时，完成后过滤，蒸馏，静置，即得。
5.如权利要求1所述一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，所述吡啶盐为十、十二、十四或十六烷基氯化吡啶或十、十二、十四或十六烷基溴化吡啶中的任意一种。
6.如权利要求1所述一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，所述防治药剂的浇灌量为160-200mg/株。
7.如权利要求1所述一种编织用棕榈植株疫霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，所述防治药剂的浇灌时间为当天下午15点半到17点半。
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