CN109042012B

CN109042012B - Method for interplanting siraitia grosvenorii and fava

Info

Publication number: CN109042012B
Application number: CN201810855008.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄华学; 刘代; 龙伟岸; 刘永胜; 石建云; 赵冠宇; 贺进军; 叶桂芳; 黄伟; 陈江林
Original assignee: Hunan Huacheng Biotech Inc
Current assignee: Hunan Huacheng Biotech Inc
Priority date: 2018-07-31
Filing date: 2018-07-31
Publication date: 2021-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-31
Also published as: CN109042012A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for interplanting momordica grosvenori and fagofera, which comprises the steps of raw material selection, selection of planting land blocks, land preparation, seed treatment, seedling preparation, momordica grosvenori planting management and fagofera planting management, wherein momordica grosvenori and fagofera are reasonably interplanted, and alkaloid generated at the root part of the fagofera can effectively solve the problem that momordica grosvenori is susceptible to diseases and insect pests such as root-knot nematode in the growth process of plants; the application of the microbial agent in the process of planting the momordica grosvenori can promote the growth of the momordica grosvenori and can further kill root-knot nematodes; in the next year, the momordica grosvenori and the fagopyrum cymosum are planted in the exchange positions, so that the disease and insect damage of soil for planting the momordica grosvenori can be reduced, the harm of nematodes can be avoided, the planting cost of the momordica grosvenori can be reduced, the quality and benefit of the momordica grosvenori and the land utilization rate can be improved, the planted fagopyrum cymosum can be used for viewing and manufacturing medicinal materials, and the practicability is high.

Description

Method for interplanting siraitia grosvenorii and fava

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for interplanting siraitia grosvenorii and fava beans.

Background

The momordica grosvenori is a fruit of perennial vine plants in cucurbitaceae, which is named as sudora spinosa, false balsam pear, momordica grosvenori, Stephania delavayi, Japanese momordica, and nude tortoise, and the leaves of the momordica grosvenori are heart-shaped, are male and female, blossom in summer, and bear fruits in autumn, and have the effects of relieving cough and reducing sputum, and the momordica grosvenori has high nutritional value and is rich in vitamin C, glycoside, fructose, glucose, protein, lipid and the like.

The fava beans, also called sun ramie, are leguminous annual herbaceous or vertical short shrubs, have short and soft hair with closely attached stems and branches, are plants with strong toughness, have low requirements on temperature and humidity, strong adaptability, and the characteristics of barren resistance, drought resistance, yin resistance, acid resistance and the like, and can grow in riverbed lands, bank sides, sunny days, sky, sandy and gravel environments. The whole herb and root of herba Cancriniae Lasiocarpae can be used for medicine, and the whole herb has effects of resolving hard mass, and clearing away damp-heat. The roots of the plants contain an alkaloid which is able to poison nematodes and can be used as a garden plant and as a green manure plant.

The momordica grosvenori is cultivated by adopting a single planting method, the momordica grosvenori is easy to suffer from root knot nematode diseases in the growth process, and the conventional method for treating the diseases and insect pests adopts medicaments to kill insects, but the effect is not ideal.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for interplanting momordica grosvenori and fava beans, which aims to solve the problem that momordica grosvenori is susceptible to diseases and insect pests such as root-knot nematode and the like in the growth process of plants.

The invention provides a method for interplanting Chinese momordica fruit and fava bean, which comprises the following steps:

selecting raw materials: selecting cutting seedlings from the momordica grosvenori, and selecting horseshoe-shaped seeds from the faecium falcatum;

selecting a planting land block and preparing the land: selecting mountainous regions, dry lands or cultivated lands which are leeward and exposed to the sun, have good drainage, have thick and loose soil layers and convenient water sources, deeply ploughing the lands for 20-30cm, ploughing and loosening the soil, smashing and thinning soil blocks, digging furrows with the width of 90-210cm and the height of 25-35cm according to contour lines, and reserving drainage ditches with the width of 35-45cm among the furrows;

seed treatment: grinding with fine sand or rice mill until the seed coat is scratched before sowing;

seedling preparation: placing the Momordica grosvenori germchit into a nutrition cup, and hardening the germchit in a shed until the germchit grows at least 3 leaves with the height of 25-35 cm;

planting time: planting fructus momordicae in the middle ten days of 3 months to 4 months of each year, wherein the planting time of the fava bean is 3 months to 4 months of each year;

the planting mode is as follows: planting a row of Chinese fevervine herb beans between two adjacent rows of Chinese fevervine fruit, planting the Chinese fevervine fruit and the Chinese fevervine herb beans at the same position in the next year, wherein the interval between the adjacent Chinese fevervine fruit is 1.0-1.5m, and the interval between the adjacent Chinese fevervine herb beans is 0.067-0.100 m;

building a shed: selecting fir or bamboo as pile upright columns, wherein the interval between the pile upright columns is 2.5-3m, the length of the pile upright columns is 2.2-2.4m, the pile upright columns are deeply buried by 50-60cm, 14-16 iron wires are used for straightening and tensioning and are tied at the tail parts of the pile upright columns, the pile upright columns are connected in a longitudinal and transverse mode and are pulled into main warp and weft wires, 20 iron wires are used for pulling 2-3 times of warp and weft wires between the main warp and weft wires to form a shed surface framework, a nylon net is laid on the shed surface framework, and the nylon net and the iron wires are tied by ropes;

planting and managing momordica grosvenori:

1) water content management: draining accumulated water at the roots in time when much rain exists in the seedling stage, and frequently sprinkling small water to keep the roots moist when the soil is dry;

2) fertilizing: mixing and fermenting the high-efficiency sulfuric acid compound fertilizer, the pig manure, the momordica grosvenori extract residues, the pig manure bean crushed materials and the biological bacterial fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:4:4:2:0.5, and adding 4-6kg of momordica grosvenori into each plant;

3) bud picking and vine pruning: in sunny days, before the main vines are put on the shed, the side buds on the main vines are broken off;

4) topping and vine straightening: after the main vines are put on the shed, topping the main vines in parallel to the surface of the shed, and reserving 2-3 lateral buds to promote the growth of first-level lateral vines;

topping when the first-stage lateral vines grow to 7-10 leaves, removing 2-3 sections of the first-stage lateral vines to promote the second-stage lateral vines, reserving 4-5 second-stage lateral vines in the promoted second-stage lateral vines to continue growing, and wiping off the rest second-stage lateral vines;

5) arranging and guiding vines: 2-3 first-stage lateral vines are guided to two sides of the furrow to grow, and all the levels of the lateral vines are uniformly guided and placed on the shed surface;

6) artificial pollination: scraping male pollen on the head of the female style with a bamboo stick at 6:00-10:00 in the morning;

7) and (3) pest control: spraying the pesticide once every half month, mainly chemical control;

and (3) planting management of the pig dung beans:

1) fertilizing: spreading 20-30 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate and 5-15 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate on the planting ridges of the Chinese yam beans, and ploughing once again to uniformly turn the fertilizer into the soil;

during squatting of seedlings in the seedling stage, diluted liquid dung and biogas slurry are applied, and after the squatting of seedlings is finished, ammonium molybdate with the concentration of O.25% is sprayed for 1-2 times;

2) planting: sowing 3-5 seeds in each hole, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and covering soil and lightly pressing after sowing;

3) topping: removing inflorescence after the main stem buds, and topping when the main stem grows to 0.73-0.83 m;

4) controlling the flowering phase: when the plant height is 30cm, the plant is induced to bloom by moderate drought, and the water is replenished after the blooming;

5) and (3) pest control: spraying lime sulfur mixture before germination.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the seed treatment further comprises: soaking the ground Chinese yam seeds in warm water of 40-50 ℃ for 4-5h before sowing.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the momordica grosvenori planting management 2) fertilizing further comprises:

and 5 days after field planting of the seedlings, spraying 2-3% of decomposed diluted human excrement or biogas water and 0.2% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once every 5-7 days until the vines of the momordica grosvenori grow to be 25-35cm away from the top of the greenhouse, and stopping application.

when the vines grow to be 25-35cm away from the shed roof, an annular groove with the depth of 30cm is formed in the root of the siraitia grosvenorii, 0.2kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 0.2kg of pure potassium sulfate and 10g of borax are evenly mixed and placed in the annular groove and covered with soil, and the vines are sprayed with 0.5% pure monopotassium phosphate 3-4 times after being put on the shed, and sprayed once every 5 days.

when the number of buds in the whole garden reaches 40-50%, 3-5% of decomposed diluted human excrement or biogas water and 0.4-0.6% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the artificial pollination further comprises: in the afternoon pollination, the male pollen is dipped in the mixed solution of honey, water, boric acid and sodium alginate and then smeared on the head of the female style.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the luo han guo planting management 7) pest control further comprises: 1ml of 1.8 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution is used for each square meter, and after being diluted by 1000 times, the abamectin emulsifiable solution is sprayed by a sprayer.

According to the method for interplanting the momordica grosvenori and the fagofera, the momordica grosvenori and the fagofera are reasonably interplanted, and the alkaloid generated at the root of the fagofera can effectively solve the problem that the momordica grosvenori is susceptible to diseases and insect pests such as root-knot nematode in the growth process of plants; the application of the microbial agent in the process of planting the momordica grosvenori can promote the growth of the momordica grosvenori and can further kill root-knot nematodes; in the next year, the momordica grosvenori and the fagopyrum pinnatum beans are planted in the exchange positions, so that the soil for planting the momordica grosvenori is free of worm soil, and the harm of nematodes is avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a planting mode in a method for interplanting momordica grosvenori and fava beans according to an embodiment of the invention.

The reference numbers in the figures denote:

1-momordica grosvenori and 2-pig dung bean.

Detailed Description

In the embodiment of the invention, the momordica grosvenori and the fagofera are reasonably interplanted, the root of the fagofera contains an alkaloid for killing root nematodes, and the alkaloid can block the growth and the propagation of the root-knot nematodes, so that the problem that momordica grosvenori plants are susceptible to diseases and insect pests such as the root-knot nematodes in the growth process is solved. The interplanting method comprises the following steps:

selecting raw materials: the Momordica grosvenori is selected as cutting seedling, and the faecium procumbens is selected as horseshoe-shaped seed.

Selecting a planting land block and preparing the land: the method is characterized in that the momordica grosvenori is planted in mountainous regions, dry lands or cultivated lands with the elevation of below 800 m, the mountainous regions are leeward and exposed to the sun, the soil layers are deep and loose, the water sources are convenient, and the selected lands are preferably not planted with vegetables, peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, beans (except peanuts) and other crops within 2-3 years, because the plants planted in the lands easily cause momordica grosvenori diseases. The soil of the selected land can not be too sandy or too viscous, the soil of the too sandy is not drought-enduring, the plant is easy to senilise and is easy to have root-knot nematode disease, the soil of the too viscous is easy to harden, the permeability is poor, and the retting of roots is easy to cause. Deeply ploughing the land by 25cm, ploughing and loosening the soil, smashing and finely dividing soil blocks, digging furrows with the width of 160cm and the height of 30cm according to contour lines, and reserving drainage ditches with the width of 40cm among the furrows.

Seed treatment: the seed cutin layer of the pig dung bean is thick, the hard seed rate is high, the seed needs to be wiped before sowing so as to be beneficial to the water absorption of the seed, and the seed is wiped by fine sand or a rice mill until the seed coat is scratched. In addition, before sowing, the ground fava seeds are soaked in warm water of 40 ℃ for 4 hours to improve the survival rate of the seeds.

Seedling preparation: placing the seedlings of the momordica grosvenori into small nutrition cups in a greenhouse for hardening, planting when the seedlings have more than 3 leaves and the temperature is stable at more than 15 ℃, transferring the original small nutrition cups into large nutrition cups with the diameter of 16cm if the temperature of a planting area is low, continuously culturing in a plastic greenhouse, and transferring into a preselected land block for planting when the seedlings reach about 30cm and the temperature is stable.

Planting time: the momordica grosvenori is planted from the bottom of 3 months to the middle of 4 months of each year, and then planted after seedling hardening, so that the early ripening of fruits is facilitated, high quality and high yield are captured, and the economic benefit is improved. The planting time of the fava beans is 3 months to 4 months per year.

The planting mode is as follows: one row of pig dung beans are planted between two adjacent rows of momordica grosvenori, and the momordica grosvenori and the pig dung beans are planted in the same position in the next year, and referring to fig. 1, the planting mode in the method for interplanting the momordica grosvenori and the pig dung beans is schematically shown, wherein the interval between the momordica grosvenori and the pig dung beans is 1.2m, and the interval between the momordica grosvenori and the pig dung beans is 0.07 m.

The alkaloid generated at the root part of the fagopyrum esculentum can effectively solve the problem that the siraitia grosvenori plants are susceptible to diseases and insect pests such as root-knot nematodes in the growth process, and the siraitia grosvenori and the fagopyrum esculentum are planted at the same position in the next year, so that the diseases and insect pests of soil for planting the siraitia grosvenori can be less, and nematode harm can be avoided.

Building a shed: selecting fir or bamboo as pile upright columns, spacing 2.5m between the pile upright columns, length 2.2m of the pile upright columns, burying 50cm deeply, straightening and tensioning with No. 14 iron wires to be tied at the tail parts of the pile upright columns, connecting the pile upright columns vertically and horizontally, drawing into main warp and weft wires, drawing 3 times of warp and weft wires between the main warp and weft wires with No. 20 iron wires to form a shed surface framework, paving a nylon net on the shed surface framework, and tying the nylon net and the iron wires by ropes.

Planting and managing momordica grosvenori:

1) water content management: when the seedling stage has much rain, the accumulated water at the root is drained in time, and when the soil is dry, the root is kept moist by frequently spraying small water. And (5) after the seedlings are planted and survive, managing water according to weather and soil moisture conditions. After 7 months, the temperature is high, the illumination is strong, the rainwater is gradually reduced, the weather enters a high-temperature drought season, at the moment, the momordica grosvenori vines also grow on the shed surface, leaves are abundant, the water consumption is high, the drought resistance needs to be enhanced, the drought resistance of the plants is influenced, the normal growth is influenced, the plant resistance is reduced, diseases are induced, the flowering pollination and the fruit expansion are influenced, and at the moment, the water is usually watered according to the drought condition. After irrigation, the water enters the ditch and naturally seeps into the soil to keep the soil moist, but attention needs to be paid to long-term drought and a large amount of water cannot be irrigated suddenly, otherwise diseases are easily caused and a large amount of physiological fruit cracking is caused. The water content of the momordica grosvenori plant needs to be properly controlled before the bud (seed) of the momordica grosvenori plant appears to promote the differentiation and growth of the flower bud, and if the soil water content is excessive, the flowering period of the plant is delayed, so that the early fruiting and the high yield are not facilitated.

2) Fertilizing: mixing and fermenting the high-efficiency sulfuric acid compound fertilizer, the pig manure, the momordica grosvenori extract residues, the pig manure bean crushed materials and the biological bacterial fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:4:4:2:0.5, and then adding 5kg of momordica grosvenori into each plant. The biological bacterial fertilizer is planted, propagated and transferred on the root surface, rhizosphere and in vivo of crops through microbial functional strains, fully exerts the functions of promoting growth, fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus, dissolving potassium, resisting diseases, resisting stress, improving soil and the like of the strains, and effectively prevents various soil-borne diseases such as root rot, blight, verticillium wilt, damping off and the like, thereby achieving the functions of increasing yield, preventing diseases, improving quality, improving fertilizer utilization rate and the like, not only promoting the growth of momordica grosvenori, but also further killing root-knot nematodes.

5 days after field planting of the seedlings, applying a seedling raising fertilizer, spraying 2% of decomposed diluted human excrement or biogas water and 0.2% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once every 7 days, and stopping applying until the vines of the momordica grosvenori grow to be 30cm away from the shed roof.

When the vines grow to be 30cm away from the shed roof, applying a flower promoting fertilizer, forming an annular groove with the depth of 30cm at the root of the siraitia grosvenorii, uniformly mixing 0.2kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 0.2kg of pure potassium sulfate and 10g of borax, putting the mixture into the annular groove, covering soil, spraying 0.5% pure monopotassium phosphate for 3 times after the vines are put on the shed, and spraying once every 5 days.

When the number of buds and flowering plants in the whole garden reach 40%, a seed-strengthening fertilizer and a fruit-strengthening fertilizer are applied respectively, 3% of decomposed diluted human excrement or biogas water and 0.4% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are used.

3) Bud picking and vine pruning: in sunny days, before the main vines are put on the shed, the lateral buds on the main vines are broken off.

4) Topping and vine straightening: after the main vines are put into the shed, the main vines are topped in parallel with the shed surface, and 2 lateral buds are left to promote the growth of first-level lateral vines.

And (3) topping when the first-stage lateral vines grow to 7 leaves, removing 2 sections of the promoted second-stage lateral vines, reserving 4 second-stage lateral vines in the promoted second-stage lateral vines to continue growing, and wiping off the rest second-stage lateral vines.

And if the second-stage lateral vines still do not appear buds (seeds) when the second-stage lateral vines grow to about 15 leaves, topping to promote the fruiting of the third-stage lateral vines, and leaving 2 strong third-stage lateral vines on each second-stage lateral vine. When the fruiting amount of each plant reaches 150, pinching and topping vines, and cutting off other branches which do not bear fruits in time, so that the nutrient consumption and the shading are reduced.

5) Arranging and guiding vines: 2 first-stage lateral vines are guided to two sides of the furrow to grow, and all the levels of the lateral vines are uniformly guided to be placed on the shed surface, so that excessive crossed overlapping of the vines is avoided, and the illumination area of the functional leaves of the plants is increased.

6) Artificial pollination: the grosvenor momordica belongs to the field of male and female heterozygote crops, and high yield can be obtained only by artificial pollination. In the flowering period of the male flowers, picking well-developed male flowers containing buds to be placed in the shade for later use every morning at 6:00-10:00, scraping pollen by using a bamboo stick when the female flowers bloom, slightly smearing the pollen on the stigmas (flower hearts) of the female flowers, and pollinating 30 female flowers for each male flower. The anther is cracked at the ratio of 6:00-10:00, pollen grains are exposed more, the vitality is strong, meanwhile, the stigmas of the female flowers have strong adhesive force, and the pollination seed setting rate is high. If pollination is continued in the afternoon, the pollen can be dipped in the mixed solution of honey, water, boric acid and sodium alginate and smeared on the head of the female style, which is beneficial to improving the fruit setting rate, and pollination is completed before the end of 8 months.

7) And (3) pest control: spraying the pesticide once every half month, mainly chemical control. 1ml of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil is used per square meter, and is sprayed by a sprayer after being diluted by 1000 times, the abamectin missible oil is stable homogeneous liquid, has the characteristics of low toxicity, high pesticide effect, convenient application and stable property, and has the effect of repelling and killing pests.

And (3) planting management of the pig dung beans:

1) fertilizing: spreading 25 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate and 10 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate on the planting ridges of the Chinese feverfew, and ploughing once again to uniformly turn the fertilizer into the soil.

And (3) during squatting of seedlings in the seedling stage, applying diluted liquid dung and biogas slurry, and spraying 1 time of O.25% ammonium molybdate after the squatting of seedlings, so that the growth of root nodules is promoted and the nitrogen fixation capacity is improved.

2) Planting: 3 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 2cm, and the soil is covered and the pressure is lightly pressed after sowing;

3) topping: the topping is to promote branching, control the vegetative growth of the fagovium makino, ensure that nutrients and water are effectively conveyed to flower branches, ensure that the podding rate of the inflorescence of the main stem of the fagovium makino is lowest, and the podding rates of the first-level, second-level and third-level branches are highest, so that the inflorescence is removed after the main stem buds, and the topping is carried out when the main stem grows to 0.8 m.

4) Controlling the flowering phase: when the plant is 30cm high, the plant is induced to bloom by moderate drought, and the water is replenished after the blooming.

5) And (3) pest control: the fava has fewer diseases, mainly anthracnose, and the spraying of lime sulphur mixture before germination can effectively prevent the anthracnose. The insect pests are mainly concentrated in the seedling stage, and can be removed by adopting a physical control method.

In conclusion, the method for interplanting the momordica grosvenori and the fagofera provided by the invention comprises the steps of raw material selection, selection of planting land blocks, land preparation, seed treatment, seedling preparation, momordica grosvenori planting management and fagofera planting management, wherein the momordica grosvenori and the fagofera are reasonably interplanted, and alkaloid generated at the root part of the fagofera can effectively solve the problem that the momordica grosvenori is easily affected by plant diseases and insect pests such as root-knot nematode and the like in the growth process of the plants; the application of the microbial agent in the process of planting the momordica grosvenori can promote the growth of the momordica grosvenori and can further kill root-knot nematodes; in the next year, the momordica grosvenori and the fagopyrum pinnatum beans are planted in the exchange positions, so that the soil for planting the momordica grosvenori is free of worm soil, and the harm of nematodes is avoided.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for interplanting siraitia grosvenorii and fava beans is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting a planting land block and preparing the land: selecting mountainous regions and cultivated lands which are leeward and exposed to the sun, have good drainage, have thick and loose soil layers and convenient water sources, deeply ploughing the lands by 20-30cm, ploughing and loosening the soil, smashing and thinning soil blocks, digging furrows with the width of 90-210cm and the height of 25-35cm according to contour lines, and reserving drainage ditches with the width of 35-45cm among the furrows;

planting and managing momordica grosvenori:

6) artificial pollination: scraping male pollen on the head of the female style with a bamboo stick at 6:00-10:00 in the morning; dipping male pollen in a mixed solution of honey, water, boric acid and sodium alginate and smearing the pollen on the head of a female style when pollinating in the afternoon;

and (3) planting management of the pig dung beans:

5) and (3) pest control: spraying lime sulfur mixture before germination.

2. The method of interplanting of momordica grosvenori and fava beans according to claim 1, wherein the seed treatment further comprises: soaking the ground Chinese yam seeds in warm water of 40-50 ℃ for 4-5h before sowing.

3. The method of interplanting momordica grosvenori and fava nura as claimed in claim 1, wherein the momordica grosvenori planting management 2) fertilizing further comprises:

and 5 days after field planting of the seedlings, adding 0.2% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer into 2-3% decomposed diluted human excrement or biogas water, and spraying once every 5-7 days until the momordica grosvenori vines grow to be 25-35cm away from the shed top.

4. The method of interplanting momordica grosvenori and fava nura as claimed in claim 3, wherein the momordica grosvenori planting management 2) fertilizing further comprises:

5. The method for interplanting the momordica grosvenori and the faecium swingle as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the momordica grosvenori planting management 2) fertilizing further comprises:

6. The method for interplanting the momordica grosvenori and the fava suavena according to claim 1, wherein the momordica grosvenori planting management 7) pest control further comprises:

1ml of 1.8 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution is used for each square meter, and after being diluted by 1000 times, the abamectin emulsifiable solution is sprayed by a sprayer.