CN109031658B - Thin laser transmission detection window - Google Patents
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- CN109031658B CN109031658B CN201710436985.6A CN201710436985A CN109031658B CN 109031658 B CN109031658 B CN 109031658B CN 201710436985 A CN201710436985 A CN 201710436985A CN 109031658 B CN109031658 B CN 109031658B
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thin laser transmission detection window which comprises a window sheet, an imaging lens group and a photosensitive element. When the laser sensing device works, when a laser beam penetrates through a laser transmission detection area on a window sheet, the laser beam illuminates a scattering structure in the window sheet to generate scattered light with the same wavelength as that of the laser beam to be detected, the scattered light is transmitted to the edge of the window sheet and is transmitted out of the window sheet, an image of the scattering area is formed on a photosensitive element by being collected by an imaging mirror group, and the photosensitive element outputs a readable electric signal after being photosensitive to indicate the existence of laser transmission. The laser with different directions and angles can be detected only by penetrating the laser transmission detection area on the window sheet. The photosensitive element can distinguish laser light from natural light through the intensity of scattered light, or distinguish laser light from natural light through the size of a scattered image through the array type photosensitive element.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser detection device, in particular to a thin laser transmission detection window.
Background
The laser detector has wide application in the fields of security, human body protection, motion detection, automatic production and the like. Currently, common laser detectors include photodiodes, avalanche diodes, photocells, photoresistors, CCD cameras, CMOS cameras, etc., and their materials are usually semiconductors, such as silicon, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, etc. Different materials have different bandgaps and are capable of absorbing photons of different energies. The detector device changes after absorbing photons, for example, the increase of p-n junction carriers, the current passing through the detector device or the voltage between two stages of the device changes, and the change becomes a detection signal. The actual detector can detect light with different wavelengths such as ultraviolet light, visible light, near infrared light and the like, and can realize quick response from picosecond level to continuous response to continuous light in the time field.
In practical applications, the above-mentioned laser detectors are of the cut-off type, which cannot be penetrated by the laser beam. The light to be measured is absorbed inside the device, or reflected. In applications such as laser aiming, active laser protection, etc., where it is desirable to allow the laser beam to continue to travel after the laser beam information is obtained, a transparent type of detector is required. For the laser beam with fixed transmission path, the beam splitter can be used to combine with the traditional detector to achieve the purpose, i.e. the beam splitter splits the laser beam, one part of the laser beam transmits continuously through the beam splitter, and the other part of the laser beam is reflected to the detector, thereby achieving the purpose of sampling detection. However, for laser beams with uncertain paths, the reliability of this method starts to decrease, and the detection device is often too bulky and thick to be applied conveniently. Some efforts have been made to make the semiconductor detector element itself as a thin film that allows part of the light to be measured to pass through it, but this often sacrifices other properties of the element due to the thickness required. Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a laser detection device that can transmit a laser beam without limiting the direction and angle of the laser beam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thin laser transmission detection window, which extracts laser transmission information by using the scattering effect of a special window sheet, is stable and reliable, can detect laser beams with uncertain directions and directions, can distinguish laser from strong natural light to a certain extent, can be applied to various wavelengths, and most laser energy can be successfully transmitted through the window.
The invention relates to a thin laser transmission detection window, which comprises a window sheet, an imaging lens group and a photosensitive element; the window sheet is transparent flat plate-shaped, a part or all of the area on the window sheet is used as a laser transmission detection area, the front surface and the rear surface of the laser transmission detection area are polishing planes, and laser generates scattered light at the laser transmission position inside the window sheet when passing through the laser transmission detection area;
polishing the detection edge by taking one or more than two sections of the side edge of the window sheet as the detection edge, and arranging an imaging lens group at the detection edge;
the imaging lens group is arranged on the side surface of the window sheet facing the detection edge; or more than one gap is hollowed in the direction from the detection edge to the inside of the window sheet, imaging lenses are formed between the detection edge and the gap close to the detection edge, or between the detection edge and the gap close to the detection edge and between adjacent gaps, two surfaces of each imaging lens are polished, and one or more than two imaging lenses form an imaging lens group;
the imaging lens group carries out conjugate imaging on a region emitting scattered light in the window sheet, an object point set region in the imaging process of the imaging lens group covers the laser transmission detection region, conjugate imaging of object points in the laser transmission detection region is a scattered image, and the photosensitive element is arranged at the scattered image point set region in the imaging process of the imaging lens group.
The detection window is characterized in that: when the imaging lens group is placed on the side face of the window sheet facing the detection edge, the included angle between the connecting line of any point in the laser transmission detection area and any point on the detection edge and the normal line of the point on the detection edge is 0-arcsin (n '/n), wherein n is the refractive index of the material of the laser transmission detection area, and n' is the refractive index of the environment where the window sheet is located.
The detection window is characterized in that:
a linear array type or area array type photosensitive element is arranged in a region formed by the scattering image, the photosensitive element is provided with a photosensitive surface, the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element is intersected with the scattering image point set region, the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element receives the irradiation of conjugate imaging light when the imaging lens carries out conjugate imaging on the region emitting the scattering light in the window sheet, and the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element can output corresponding signals when receiving the irradiation of light, so that the existence of the scattering image can be detected; the existence of the scattering image can indicate that the laser transmission window sheet exists, so that the thin laser transmission detection window can play a role in detecting whether the laser transmission window sheet exists or not.
The detection window is characterized in that:
the window sheet is one of organic glass, BK7 glass and fused quartz;
the imaging lens group is one of organic glass, BK7 glass and fused quartz;
the photosensitive element is one of a photodiode array, an image sensor (Charge-coupled device), and an image sensor (Complementary metal oxide semiconductor).
The detection window is characterized in that:
more than two segments of the side edges of the window sheets are used as detection edges, and an imaging lens group is arranged at each detection edge.
In practical use of the invention, the scattered light generated by the window sheet when the laser passes through the window sheet can be derived from the Tyndall Effect (Tyndall Effect) of the window sheet, Mie Scattering (Mie Scattering) of the doped particles in the sheet, or surface plasmon Scattering (plasmon Polariton Scattering) of the doped metal particles in the sheet.
When the thin laser transmission detection window works, when a laser beam penetrates through a laser transmission detection area on a window sheet, the laser beam illuminates a light scattering structure in the window sheet, such as doped particles, or causes the Tyndall effect of the material of the window sheet, so as to generate scattered light with the same wavelength as that of the laser beam to be detected, the scattered light is emitted from the area of the window sheet through which the laser passes, then the scattered light is transmitted to the edge direction of the window sheet in the window sheet and reaches the side edge of the window sheet, namely the annular surrounding surface connecting the two window surfaces of the window sheet, one or more sections of the side edge of the window sheet are selected as detection edges for polishing, the scattered light is transmitted out of the window sheet from the detection edge of the window sheet, in order to avoid the scattered light from being transmitted out of the window sheet due to the occurrence of total internal reflection, an included angle between a connecting line of any one point in the laser transmission detection area and a normal line of any one, where n is the refractive index of the material in the detection region for laser transmission, and where n' is the refractive index of the medium outside the window sheet, such as air or vacuum; the imaging lens group is arranged on the side surface of the window sheet, and the conjugate imaging of the region emitting the scattered light in the window sheet is realized by collecting the scattered light transmitted from the side detection edge of the window sheet, the collection of the allowed object surface can cover the region of the laser to be detected, which passes through the window sheet, during the imaging, and the conjugate imaging is a scattering image; or the imaging lens group is directly formed by hollowing and polishing the window; for the laser transmission detection area on the whole window plate, an image formed by the imaging lens is also an area, namely an image area, when the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element is placed, the photosensitive surface is intersected with the image area, and the photosensitive surface is intersected with all possible imaging light rays, all the possible imaging light rays can be sensed, the imaging light rays of the image area are the most dense, and the intersection of the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element and the image area when the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element is placed is a necessary condition for the optimal detection sensitivity. The photosensitive element outputs a readable electrical signal after being sensitized, which indicates the existence of laser transmission. The laser with different directions and angles can be detected only by penetrating through the laser transmission detection area of the window sheet. The photosensitive element can distinguish laser light from natural light by the intensity of scattered light or by the size of a scattered image.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the thin laser transmission detection window diagram of the first embodiment of the invention.
1: window sheet, 2: imaging lens group, 3: and a photosensitive element.
FIG. 2: the thin laser transmission detection window diagram of the second embodiment of the invention.
1: window sheet, 2: imaging lens group, 3: and a photosensitive element.
FIG. 3: the thin laser transmission detection window diagram of the third embodiment of the invention.
1: window sheet, 2-1: imaging lens group one, 2-2: imaging lens group two, 3-1: a first photosensitive element, 3-2: and a second photosensitive element.
FIG. 4: the thin laser transmission detection window diagram of the fourth embodiment of the invention.
1-1: window sheet one, 1-2: and a second window sheet.
FIG. 5: the thin laser transmission detection window diagram of the fifth embodiment of the invention.
1: a window sheet.
FIG. 6: the thin laser transmission detection window diagram of the sixth embodiment of the invention.
1: a window sheet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: thin laser transmission detection window
The first embodiment is designed for sensing a visible laser beam, as shown in the first drawing. The window sheet (1) in the first embodiment is a thin cubic sheet made of a sheet of organic glass (PMMA), the front and rear surfaces of which are square, and the front and rear surfaces and the right side edge of which are polished. The imaging lens group (2) is a fisheye lens, and the photosensitive element (3) is a silicon avalanche photodiode array.
The dotted circle on the window sheet (1) indicates the laser transmission detection area, when a visible laser beam passes through the laser transmission detection area of the window sheet (1), because of the Tyndall Effect of the organic glass, the laser illuminated area scatters the laser beam to form a bright area, which is indicated by a polygonal star in the figure, the right side edge of the window sheet (1) is designated as a detection edge, the scattered light corresponding to the bright area can propagate inside the window sheet (1) and is transmitted out from the detection edge, two schematic light beams of scattered light propagation are given in the figure, the schematic light beams are emitted from the scattered bright area and reach the imaging lens group (2) after being transmitted out from the detection edge, the imaging lens group (2) images the bright area, the two light beams in the figure are converged on the photosensitive element (3) after passing through the imaging lens group (2) to indicate, and due to the characteristic of the fisheye lens, when the horizontal position of the bright area changes, all the images can be clearly imaged, and the imaging position change is small; when the vertical position changes, imaging can be performed clearly, but the positions of the images are obviously different, and the position difference can be sensed by the photosensitive element (3), because the photosensitive element (3) is composed of a plurality of avalanche photodiodes, different imaging positions can cause different avalanche photodiodes to sense, and therefore laser beam position information is given. If the laser beam passes through the window sheet obliquely, the sensing can be carried out, and only the bright area is slightly larger and the image is slightly larger.
When strong non-directional light sources irradiate the window, such as sunlight, the entire window can generate the Tyndall effect and generate scattered light, and the entire photosensitive element (3) is illuminated after imaging, but the brightness is usually far lower than that of laser. Whereby the sun and the laser light can be distinguished.
The strength of the Tyndall effect can be changed by adjusting the manufacturing process of the organic glass material of the window sheet (1), the strong Tyndall effect is beneficial to increasing the laser detection sensitivity, and the weak Tyndall effect has smaller change on the property of the transmission laser beam.
If a wavelength selection element such as a filter film, a filter lens and the like is added on the surface of the photosensitive element, only laser with specific wavelength can be detected.
Example two: thin laser transmission detection window
The second embodiment is shown in the second attached figure. The principle of the imaging optical system is the same as that of the embodiment, but an important improvement is made, the size of the window piece (1) in the horizontal direction is extended a little, then the imaging lens group (2) is directly carved in a hollow mode on the extending part of the right side of the window piece (1), the imaging lens group (2) is a two-dimensional cylindrical lens group and has the same function as a fisheye lens, and imaging of the imaging optical system can provide vertical direction information of incident laser and is sensed by the photosensitive element (3). Compared with the first embodiment, the whole device of the second embodiment can be thinner, and application is convenient. The whole device comprising the window sheet (1), the imaging lens group (2) and the photosensitive element (3) can be integrated into a whole, and if the window sheet (1) with thin thickness and the photosensitive element (3) with small size are adopted, the whole device can be prone to a two-dimensional flat plate type.
Example three: thin laser transmission detection window
Example three is shown in figure three. The principle of the method is the same as that of the first embodiment, but an important improvement is made, two-dimensional laser azimuth detection is adopted, and the front surface, the rear surface, the upper side surface and the right side surface of the window sheet (1) are polished to enable the window sheet to be transparent. The first imaging lens group (2-1) and the first photosensitive element (3-1) provide vertical orientation information of the laser passing through the window sheet, and the second imaging lens group (2-2) and the second photosensitive element (3-2) provide horizontal orientation information of the laser passing through the window sheet.
Example four: thin laser transmission detection window
Example four is shown in figure four. The principle is the same as that of the embodiment, but an important improvement is made, the thin laser transmission detection window of the two equivalent embodiments is used in a front-back combination mode, the dotted arrow indicates that laser beams to be detected are transmitted, two pieces of azimuth information are obtained after two times of detection, and therefore the transmission direction of the laser can be estimated according to the principle that two points determine a straight line.
Example five: thin laser transmission detection window
The fifth embodiment is shown in the attached drawing, and the principle of the fifth embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment, namely, the window sheet (1) is titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide) particles uniformly doped with a small amount of visible light wavelength scale, and bubbles in the fifth embodiment show particles contained in the material of the window sheet (1). When the laser to be detected penetrates the window sheet (1), the particles trigger Mie Scattering (Mie Scattering) so as to obtain available scattered light, the intensity of the Mie Scattering can be changed by changing the particle size and the concentration of the doped titanium dioxide particles, strong Mie Scattering is favorable for increasing the detection sensitivity of the transmitted laser, and the property of the transmitted laser beam is slightly changed by weak Mie Scattering. The other principles, i.e. imaging and light sensing, are the same as in the first embodiment.
Example six: thin laser transmission detection window
Sixth embodiment is as shown in fig. six, and the principle is different from the first embodiment, that is, the window sheet (1) contains the asymmetric metal nano array (shown by black arrow in the figure), when the laser to be measured (shown by solid line hollow arrow in the figure) penetrates through the window sheet (1), the asymmetric metal nano array is illuminated, and due to the principle of surface plasmon Polariton, the electric dipole type oscillation of the free electron density distribution in the metal is induced, so as to generate scattered light emission. For example, by arranging Yagi-Uda type metal nano-optical antennas in an array, the generated scattered light is biased to one direction (shown by dotted hollow arrows in the figure), rather than having no directional selectivity in the first embodiment, and by installing the imaging lens group (2) and the photosensitive element (3) in the main direction of the scattered light, the collection efficiency of the scattered light is higher than that of the first embodiment, and higher detection sensitivity than that of the first embodiment can be expected under the condition of having a considerable influence on the properties of the laser beam to be detected passing through the window sheet (1). The parameter adjustment of the asymmetric metal nano array can realize rich functions, for example, the asymmetric metal nano array which resonates with specific laser wavelength is selected, and only the laser with the specific wavelength can be detected; for example, the density of the asymmetric metal nano array is changed, the increase of the density is beneficial to enhancing scattering, the sensitivity of transmission laser detection is increased, the decrease of the density scattering is weakened, and the change of the property of the transmission laser beam is small.
The foregoing is only a few embodiments of the present invention. Any changes or substitutions that may be made by one skilled in the art without inventive step within the technical scope of the present disclosure are also intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. A thin laser transmission detection window comprises a window sheet, an imaging lens group and a photosensitive element; the window sheet is transparent flat plate-shaped, a part or all of the area on the window sheet is used as a laser transmission detection area, the front surface and the rear surface of the laser transmission detection area are polishing planes, and laser generates scattered light at the laser transmission position inside the window sheet when passing through the laser transmission detection area;
polishing the detection edge by taking one or more than two sections of the side edge of the window sheet as the detection edge, and arranging an imaging lens group at the detection edge;
the imaging lens group is arranged on the side surface of the window sheet facing the detection edge; or more than one gap is hollowed in the direction from the detection edge to the inside of the window sheet, imaging lenses are formed between the detection edge and the gap close to the detection edge, or between the detection edge and the gap close to the detection edge and between adjacent gaps, two surfaces of each imaging lens are polished, and one or more than two imaging lenses form an imaging lens group;
the imaging lens group carries out conjugate imaging on a region emitting scattered light in the window sheet, an object point set region in the imaging process of the imaging lens group covers a laser transmission detection region, conjugate imaging of object points in the laser transmission detection region is a scattered image, and the photosensitive element is arranged at the scattered image point set region in the imaging process of the imaging lens group;
the window sheet contains an asymmetric metal nano array, and when laser to be detected penetrates through the window sheet, the asymmetric metal nano array is illuminated to generate scattered light emission.
2. The detection window of claim 1, wherein: when the imaging lens group is placed on the side face of the window sheet facing the detection edge, the included angle between the connecting line of any point in the laser transmission detection area and any point on the detection edge and the normal line of the point on the detection edge is 0-arcsin (n '/n), wherein n is the refractive index of the material of the laser transmission detection area, and n' is the refractive index of the environment where the window sheet is located.
3. The detection window of claim 1, wherein:
a linear array type or area array type photosensitive element is arranged in a region formed by the scattering image, the photosensitive element is provided with a photosensitive surface, the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element is intersected with the scattering image point set region, the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element receives the irradiation of conjugate imaging light when the imaging lens carries out conjugate imaging on the region emitting the scattering light in the window sheet, and the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element can output corresponding signals when receiving the irradiation of light, so that the existence of the scattering image can be detected; the existence of the scattering image can indicate that the laser transmission window sheet exists, so that the thin laser transmission detection window can play a role in detecting whether the laser transmission window sheet exists or not.
4. The detection window of claim 1, wherein:
the window sheet is one of organic glass, BK7 glass and fused quartz;
the imaging lens group is one of organic glass, BK7 glass and fused quartz;
the photosensitive element is one of a photodiode array, an image sensor CCD and an image sensor CMOS.
5. The detection window according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
more than two segments of the side edges of the window sheets are used as detection edges, and an imaging lens group is arranged at each detection edge.
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