CN109030599B - Preparation method of glucose oxidase sensor and detection of glucose by glucose oxidase sensor - Google Patents

Preparation method of glucose oxidase sensor and detection of glucose by glucose oxidase sensor Download PDF

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CN109030599B
CN109030599B CN201810781049.3A CN201810781049A CN109030599B CN 109030599 B CN109030599 B CN 109030599B CN 201810781049 A CN201810781049 A CN 201810781049A CN 109030599 B CN109030599 B CN 109030599B
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glucose
glucose oxidase
electrode
gold
glassy carbon
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CN109030599A (en
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杨绍明
柏朝朋
腾渝
杨杰
刘斌
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East China Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/327Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
    • G01N27/3271Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
    • G01N27/3272Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a glucose oxidase sensor and detection of glucose by the glucose oxidase sensor, which comprises the following steps of (1) synthesizing gold nanoparticles; (2) preparing a glassy carbon electrode modified by nano-gold; (3) preparing a cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode; (4) preparing gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode; (5) and (5) preparing the glucose oxidase sensor. The method for detecting the glucose by the glucose oxidase sensor takes the immobilized cobalt ferricyanide as the performance of catalyzing and reducing the hydrogen peroxide, and can quickly and sensitively detect the glucose. The invention only needs oxidase molecules and can realize the detection of other substrates. The invention is suitable for measuring glucose by an enzyme sensor method.

Description

Preparation method of glucose oxidase sensor and detection of glucose by glucose oxidase sensor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a glucose oxidase sensor and detection of glucose by the glucose oxidase sensor, in particular to a preparation method of a glucose oxidase sensor and a method for detecting glucose by the glucose oxidase sensor, which are based on gold nanoparticles as carriers and signal amplification materials of immobilized glucose oxidase and transition metal ferricyanide as an electron mediator, and belongs to the technical field of enzyme sensors and electroanalytical chemistry detection.
Background
Glucose is an important substance, and the detection of the glucose is important in the fields of food, environment, biology and medicine. The electrochemical enzyme sensor method is more and more concerned by researchers due to the characteristics of high sensitivity, good selectivity, quick response and the like. The detection of glucose by the electrochemical enzyme sensor method is carried out by the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase and glucose, and the product of the enzymatic reaction acts between the glucose oxidase and an electrode.
The gold nanoparticles have large specific surface area and small size, and the high specific surface energy determines that the gold nanoparticles have strong adsorption capacity and can be used as a carrier for immobilizing enzyme on an electrode. In addition, the good biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles can effectively stabilize immobilized enzymes.
The glucose oxidase electrochemical sensor is constructed by using the transition metal ferricyanide and the gold nanoparticles, the gold nanoparticles have large specific surface area, the sensitivity of the electrode is favorably improved, the gold nanoparticles can be used as a carrier for fixing the glucose oxidase, and when hydrogen peroxide generated by catalysis of the added glucose by enzyme and the transition metal ferricyanide of an electronic mediator are subjected to chemical action, the current value is changed, so that the detection of the glucose is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reduce the interference of an enzyme sensor and improve the detection sensitivity, and provides a preparation method of a glucose oxidase sensor and detection of glucose by the glucose oxidase sensor.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is that the method takes nano-gold prepared by an electrodeposition method as a sensitizing material and a substrate carrying metal ferricyanide, then obtains the metal ferricyanide by the electrodeposition method, modifies the synthesized gold nanoparticles on the surface of an electrode by the action of a cyanogold bond, fixes enzyme on the electrode by the electrostatic acting force of glucose oxidase and the gold nanoparticles, and finally protects the electrode by a mixed solution of glutaraldehyde and egg white to prepare the glucose oxidase sensor. The method utilizes the catalytic reduction effect of metal ferricyanide on hydrogen peroxide generated by glucose catalyzed by glucose oxidase, takes an enzyme modified electrode as a working electrode, takes a reference electrode as an Ag/AgCl electrode and takes an auxiliary electrode as a platinum electrode to form a three-electrode system, and realizes high-sensitivity detection on glucose.
The invention comprises a preparation method of a glucose oxidase sensor and a detection method of glucose by adopting the glucose oxidase sensor.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a glucose oxidase sensor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 10-80mL of H2O and 80-200mL of 0.01-0.5mol/LHAuCl4Adding into a three-necked bottle, heating to boil under the conditions of mechanical stirring and reflux condensation, rapidly adding 0.1-1.0mL of 5-50mmol/L sodium citrate solution, heating for reaction for 5-50min, stopping heating, stirring, refluxing and condensing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the synthesized gold nanoparticles.
(2) Putting the clean glassy carbon electrode in HAuCl containing 0.5-5.0 mmol/L4In the solution, 5-50 circles (sweep speed is 50-150 mV/s) of cyclic voltammetry scanning within the range of 1.5V-0.3V are carried out, and the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold is prepared.
(3) Placing the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold in a CoCl solution containing 0.1-15 mmol/L20.1-10mmol/L of K3Fe(CN)6And 0.01-0.2mol/L KCl mixed solution, and scanning for 5-50 circles (the scanning speed is 50-150 mV/s) in a cyclic voltammetry scanning mode within the range of 0.1-1.0V to prepare the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode.
(4) And (2) reacting the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in the gold nanoparticles synthesized in the step (1) for 10-80min, and forming the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode by utilizing the action of a gold cyanide bond.
(5) The gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode is placed in 100-10000U/mL glucose oxidase for 10-80min, and the enzyme is fixed on the surface of the electrode. Finally, 0.05-1.0% of glutaraldehyde and 1.0-50 mul of fresh egg white mixed solution diluted by 1-15 times are added dropwise to prepare the glucose oxidase sensor.
The method for detecting glucose based on the glucose oxidase sensor comprises the following steps:
the glucose oxidase sensor is used as a working electrode, the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the auxiliary electrode is a platinum electrode, and a three-electrode system is formed, so that the detection of the glucose can be realized.
The linear range of the glucose oxidase sensor for measuring the glucose is 5.0 × 10-6~1.2×10-4mol/L, detection limit of 1.9 × 10-6mol/L. The glucose oxidase sensor is prepared by using the same glassy carbon electrode for 3 times, the response current of the glucose oxidase sensor to glucose is measured, the relative standard deviation is 3.2%, and the relative standard deviation of the glucose oxidase sensor prepared by using the 3 glassy carbon electrodes in parallel to the glucose measurement is 3.6%, which shows that the electrode has good reproducibility. The sensor is placed in an environment of 4 ℃ to examine the stability of the sensor, and after one week, more than 90% of the response current value is still kept, which indicates that the electrode has good stability.
The working principle of the invention is that cobalt hexacyanoferrate is modified on the surface of the electrode modified by nano-gold through electrodeposition, gold nanoparticles are modified by utilizing gold cyanic bond, glucose oxidase is immobilized through electrostatic and crosslinking effects, and the change of current signals of catalytic reduction of cobalt hexacyanoferrate is utilized to establish the method for detecting glucose by using the oxidase sensor.
The glucose oxidase sensor has the beneficial effects that the glucose oxidase sensor is formed by combining an electrostatic method and a cross-linking method on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode modified by nano-gold and an electronic mediator cobalt ferricyanide, and the enzyme sensor method for stably and sensitively detecting glucose with small interference is provided due to the sensitization effect, the biocompatibility effect and the catalytic effect of the electronic mediator of the nano-gold.
The invention is suitable for measuring glucose by the glucose oxidase sensor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for preparing a glucose oxidase sensor;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the UV-Vis spectrum of the nanogold synthesized in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the distribution of the particle size of the nanogold synthesized in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a current-time curve diagram of continuous dropping of 0.5mmol/L hydrogen peroxide by different modified electrode pairs, wherein a is a bare glassy carbon electrode, b is a glassy carbon electrode modified by a gold nanoparticle/glassy carbon electrode molecular imprinting film, and c is a gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode;
FIG. 5 is a graph of current versus time for a glucose oxidase sensor versus glucose;
FIG. 6 is a calibration curve of the response current of a glucose oxidase sensor to glucose versus glucose.
Detailed Description
The present invention is illustrated in detail below by means of specific examples, which are helpful for the skilled person in further understanding the present invention, but do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for preparing a glucose oxidase sensor.
Example 1
And preparing the glucose oxidase sensor based on the nano gold and the cobalt ferricyanide.
(1) 10mL of H2O and 80mL of 0.01mol/L HAuCl4Adding into a three-necked flask, heating to boil under the conditions of mechanical stirring and reflux condensation, rapidly adding 0.1mL of 10mmol/L sodium citrate solution, heating for reaction for 10min, stopping heating, stirring, refluxing, condensing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the synthesized gold nanoparticles.
(2) Clean glassy carbon electrode was placed in a solution containing 0.5mmol/L of HAuCl4In the solution, cyclic voltammetry is carried out for 5 circles (sweep rate is 50mV/s) within the range of 1.5V to-0.3V, and the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold is prepared.
(3) Placing the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold in a solution containing 0.1mmol/L of CoCl20.1mmol/L of K3Fe(CN)6And 0.01mol/L KCl mixed solution, and performing cyclic voltammetry scanning for 10 circles (the scanning speed is 50mV/s) within the range of 0.1-1.0V to prepare the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode.
(4) And (2) reacting the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in the gold nanoparticles synthesized in the step (1) for 10min, and forming the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode by utilizing the action of a gold-cyanide bond. And then placing the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in 100U/mL glucose oxidase for 10min, and fixing the enzyme on the surface of the electrode. Finally, 0.05% of glutaraldehyde and 2.0 mu L of fresh egg white mixed liquor diluted by 2 times are dripped to prepare the glucose oxidase sensor.
Example 2
And preparing the glucose oxidase sensor based on the nano gold and the cobalt ferricyanide.
(1) 80mL of H2O and 200mL of 0.5mol/LHAuCl4Adding into a three-necked flask, heating to boil under the conditions of mechanical stirring and reflux condensation, rapidly adding 1.0mL of 50mmol/L sodium citrate solution, heating for reaction for 50min, stopping heating, stirring, refluxing, condensing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the synthesized gold nanoparticles.
(2) Clean glassy carbon electrode was placed in a solution containing 5.0mmol/L of HAuCl4In the solution, scanning for 50 circles (the scanning speed is 100mV/s) in the range of 1.5V to-0.3V by cyclic voltammetry, and preparing the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold.
(3) Placing the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold in a solution containing 0.5mmol/L of CoCl20.5mmol/L of K3Fe(CN)6And 0.2mol/L KCl mixed solution, and performing cyclic voltammetry scanning for 50 circles (the scanning speed is 100mV/s) within the range of 0.1-1.0V to prepare the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode.
(4) And (2) reacting the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in the gold nanoparticles synthesized in the step (1) for 80min, and forming the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode by utilizing the action of a gold-cyanide bond. And then placing the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in 10000U/mL glucose oxidase for 80min, and fixing the enzyme on the surface of the electrode. Finally, 1.0% of glutaraldehyde and 10 mu L of fresh egg white mixed liquor diluted by 5 times are dripped to prepare the glucose oxidase sensor.
Example 3
And preparing the glucose oxidase sensor based on the nano gold and the cobalt ferricyanide.
(1) 60mL of H2O and 150mL of 0.1mol/LHAuCl4Adding into a three-necked bottle, heating to boil under the conditions of mechanical stirring and reflux condensation, rapidly adding 0.6mL of 25mmol/L sodium citrate solution, heating for reaction for 15min, stopping heating, stirring, refluxing, condensing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the synthesized gold nanoparticles.
(2) Clean glassy carbon electrode was placed in a solution containing 3.0mmol/L of HAuCl4In the solution, cyclic voltammetry is carried out for 15 circles (sweep rate is 100mV/s) within the range of 1.5V to-0.3V, and the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold is prepared.
(3) Placing the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold in CoCl containing 1.2mmol/L21.0mmol/L of K3Fe(CN)6And 0.05mol/L KCl mixed solution, and performing cyclic voltammetry scanning for 25 circles (the scanning speed is 100mV/s) within the range of 0.1-1.0V to prepare the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode.
(4) And (2) reacting the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in the gold nanoparticles synthesized in the step (1) for 40min, and forming the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode by utilizing the action of a gold-cyanide bond. And then placing the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in 1000U/mL glucose oxidase for 40min, and fixing the enzyme on the surface of the electrode. Finally, 0.25% of glutaraldehyde and 5.0 mu L of fresh egg white mixed liquor diluted by 5 times are dripped to prepare the glucose oxidase sensor.
Example 4
The nano-gold obtained in example 3 was subjected to ultraviolet-visible spectrum characterization and particle size analysis characterization.
The ultraviolet-visible spectrum characterization of the nano-gold is shown in FIG. 2, and the ultraviolet-visible absorption peak position of the synthesized gold nanoparticles at 520nm can be seen from FIG. 2. As can be seen from the particle size analysis chart of FIG. 3, the particle size of the synthesized gold nanoparticles is mainly between 30nm and 40nm, and the obtained average particle size data bit is 35.4 nm.
Example 5
The glucose oxidase sensor obtained in example 3 was used for electrochemical testing:
(1) different modified electrodes were tested for catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide.
Respectively taking a gold nanoparticle/glassy carbon electrode, a gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode and a bare glassy carbon electrode as working electrodes, taking an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode and taking a platinum electrode as an auxiliary electrode; the base solution was 0.2mol/LPBS (pH 6.8); the potential is-0.1V. The current-time curve is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the response current of the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode is the largest, which indicates that cobalt hexacyanoferrate hydrogen peroxide has an obvious catalytic reduction effect.
(2) The glucose oxidase sensor is used as a working electrode, the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the auxiliary electrode is a platinum electrode, the base solution is 0.2mol/L PBS (pH is 6.8), the potential is-0.1V, the glucose oxidase sensor is placed in the test base solution, glucose with a certain concentration is continuously dripped to obtain a current-time curve, the measurement result is shown in figures 5 and 6, and the linear range of the measured glucose is 5.0 × 10-6~1.2×10-4mol/L, detection limit of 1.9 × 10-6mol/L. The sensor is placed in an environment at 4 ℃, and after one week, more than 90% of the response current value is still kept.

Claims (1)

1. A preparation method of a glucose oxidase sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing 10-80mL of H2O and 80-200mL of 0.01-0.5mol/LHAuCl4Adding into a three-necked bottle, heating to boil under the conditions of mechanical stirring and reflux condensation, rapidly adding 0.1-1.0mL of 5-50mmol/L sodium citrate solution, heating for reaction for 5-50min, stopping heating, stirring, refluxing and condensing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain synthesized gold nanoparticles;
(2) putting the clean glassy carbon electrode in HAuCl containing 0.5-5.0 mmol/L4In the solution, scanning 5-50 circles with cyclic voltammetry at a scanning speed of 50-150 mV/s within the range of 1.5V-0.3V to prepare a glassy carbon electrode modified by nano-gold;
(3) placing the glassy carbon electrode modified by the nano-gold in a CoCl solution containing 0.1-15 mmol/L20.1-10mmol/L of K3Fe(CN)6Mixing with 0.01-0.2mol/L KClIn the solution, scanning for 5-50 circles at a sweep rate of 50-150 mV/s cyclic voltammetry within the range of 0.1-1.0V to prepare a cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode;
(4) reacting the cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in the gold nanoparticles synthesized in the step (1) for 10-80min, and forming the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode by utilizing the action of a gold cyanide bond;
(5) standing the gold nanoparticle/cobalt hexacyanoferrate/gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in 100-10000U/mL glucose oxidase for 10-80min, and fixing the enzyme on the surface of the electrode; finally, 0.05-1.0% of glutaraldehyde and 1.0-50 mul of fresh egg white mixed solution diluted by 1-15 times are dripped to prepare a glucose oxidase sensor;
the method for detecting glucose by the glucose oxidase sensor comprises the following steps:
the glucose oxidase of the glucose oxidase sensor is utilized to catalyze and oxidize glucose to generate a product hydrogen peroxide, then a cobalt hexacyanoferrate electronic mediator catalyzes and reduces the hydrogen peroxide, the reduction current of the cobalt hexacyanoferrate is increased along with the increase of the concentration of the glucose, the detection of the glucose is realized, the glucose oxidase sensor is taken as a working electrode, a reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, an auxiliary electrode is a platinum electrode, and a three-electrode system is formed, so that the detection of the glucose can be realized;
the linear range of the glucose oxidase sensor for detecting glucose is 5.0 × 10-6~1.2×10-4mol/L, detection limit of 1.9 × 10-6mol/L。
CN201810781049.3A 2018-07-17 2018-07-17 Preparation method of glucose oxidase sensor and detection of glucose by glucose oxidase sensor Active CN109030599B (en)

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