CN109029689B - Rotary mechanical vibration analysis method based on movement tracks of two ends of rotor - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rotary machine vibration analysis method based on motion tracks of two ends of a rotor, which adopts the technical scheme that the type of unbalanced force on the rotor is judged according to obtained homodromous and opposite vibration component values: if AtThe rotor is larger than an excellent value specified in a rotating mechanical vibration standard, and the unbalance force in the same direction on the rotor is large; if AfThe reverse unbalance force on the rotor is large when the value is larger than the excellent value specified in the rotating mechanical vibration standard; if AtAnd AfThe method is simple, the vibration in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is comprehensively considered during vibration analysis and unbalance force type analysis instead of vibration in a single direction, and the obtained analysis conclusion is comprehensive and reliable, so that the method is an innovation in the vibration analysis method of the rotary machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration test analysis method of a rotary machine, which can help technicians to analyze the distribution patterns of unbalanced force on a rotor according to vibration test data, such as force imbalance, couple imbalance and mixed imbalance, and guide the development of dynamic balance work of the rotary machine, and the main application fields comprise: various rotating machines, such as pumps, fans, motors, turbo-generator sets, etc.
Background
Unbalance is the most common vibration fault of the rotating machinery, and rotor dynamic balance is an effective means for treating the vibration fault of the rotating machinery and is also a work which is often carried out. The method has the advantages that the unbalance type can be accurately judged, the dynamic balance efficiency and precision can be improved, the starting times can be reduced, and the method has important significance for improving the operation stability and reliability of the rotary machine.
Imbalances include static, dynamic, and hybrid imbalances. Under the state of static unbalance, unbalanced force exists in the middle of the rotor, or a group of forces with the same magnitude and direction exist at the two ends of the rotor, which is also called as force unbalance. In a dynamic unbalance state, a set of forces with equal magnitude and opposite directions exist at two ends of the rotor, which is also called couple unbalance. When both a force imbalance and a couple imbalance are present in the rotor, it is referred to as a hybrid imbalance. Before dynamic balancing of the rotor can be carried out, the pattern and distribution of the imbalance forces on the rotor must first be known.
Under the actual running state of the unit, the unbalanced force cannot be directly tested, the unbalanced fault is diagnosed according to vibration, and whether the unbalanced force exists on the rotor or not is analyzed. Large vibration and large unbalance force; the vibration is small, and the unbalanced force is small. Similarly, the imbalance force pattern is also determined from the vibrations at the two ends of the rotor. If a large homodromous component exists in the vibration signals at the two ends of the rotor, the existence of force imbalance on the rotor is considered; if the vibration signals at the two ends of the rotor have larger reverse components, the rotor is considered to have couple imbalance; if a large homodromous component and a large inverse component exist in the vibration signals at two ends of the rotor at the same time, the imbalance of a mixed mode exists on the rotor.
Currently, the judgment of the unbalance force type is carried out by means of vibration in a single vertical or horizontal direction. For large-scale rotating machinery such as a steam turbine generator unit, the bearing vibration caused by unbalanced force on a rotor is greatly different in the vertical and horizontal directions due to the fact that the supporting rigidity, the damping characteristic and the like of the unit in the vertical and horizontal directions are greatly different. In actual engineering, there are cases where imbalance force patterns determined from vertical vibration and horizontal vibration are completely different. Therefore, improvement and innovation thereof are imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for analyzing vibration of a rotating machine based on movement tracks of two ends of a rotor, which can effectively solve the problems of analyzing an unbalanced type on the rotor and improving the efficiency of dynamic balance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rotary machine vibration analysis method based on motion tracks of two ends of a rotor comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a reflective mark on a rotating shaft, aligning a photoelectric sensor with the reflective mark, or forming a key slot on the rotating shaft, aligning an eddy current sensor with the key slot, and measuring a key phase pulse signal by using a method of matching the photoelectric sensor with the reflective mark or matching the eddy current sensor with the key slot, wherein one pulse signal is generated every time the rotating shaft rotates for one circle, and the real-time rotating frequency f is 1/T when the time interval between two adjacent pulses is T;
(2) respectively arranging a group of vibration sensors in the vertical and horizontal directions of the parts to be measured at the two ends of the rotor, synchronously acquiring the vibration signals in the vertical and horizontal directions at the two ends of the rotor by taking the key phase pulse signal as a trigger reference, and recording as x1(t),x2(t),y1(t),y2(t)；
(3) Carrying out fast Fourier transform on the collected vibration signals to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the power frequency harmonic component with the same rotating frequency, and respectively recording as follows: a. thex1,Ax2,Ay1,Ay2And
(4) according to the amplitude and the phase of a frequency doubling harmonic component, reconstructing a frequency doubling harmonic component signal corresponding to vertical and horizontal vibration signals at two ends of the rotor:
(5) recording the period corresponding to the rotation frequency f as T, then: t is 1/f; will [0, T]Dividing the interval into 1000 sections to obtain vibration values of each point at different times in a rotation circle: x'1(ti),y′1(ti),x′2(ti),y′2(ti)；
(7) Defining the vibration radius r of the rotor at different timesi
(8) Drawing a vibration curve composed of vibration radiuses at two ends of the rotor at different moments;
(9) finding the time point and the amplitude thereof corresponding to the 1 st vibration radius peak point on the vibration radius curves at the two ends of the rotor after the moment t is equal to 0, and respectively recording the time point and the amplitude as: t'1,A1And t'2,A2；
(10) Calculating a phase angle psi corresponding to the peak point of the vibration radius1,ψ2；
(11) At a vibration radius A1∠ψ1,A2∠ψ2As the vibration of both ends of the rotor, the vibration is decomposed into the same direction vibration A according to the vibration of both ends of the rotortAnd a reverse vibration Af；
(12) Judging the type of the unbalanced force on the rotor according to the obtained homodromous and opposite vibration component values:
if AtGreater than the excellent value specified in the vibration standard of the rotating machinery and uneven on the rotor in the same directionThe balance force is large;
if AfThe reverse unbalance force on the rotor is large when the value is larger than the excellent value specified in the rotating mechanical vibration standard;
if AtAnd AfAre greater than the excellent values specified in the standards for rotating mechanical vibrations, and the unbalance forces of the hybrid type on the rotor are large.
The method is simple, the vibration at two ends of the rotor is considered to be carried out in a plane vertical to an axis, the vibration in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is required to be comprehensively expressed, accordingly, the motion tracks of the two ends of the rotor in the plane of the vertical axis are obtained according to vibration signals at the two ends of the rotor in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, the vibration radiuses at different moments are defined as the distances between the moment points and the circle centers on the tracks, the phase angle of the point where the 1 st vibration radius peak value is located after the moment when t is 0 is obtained as the phase angle at the end, and the vibration radius peak value is used as the vibration at the end. On the basis, the vibration information of the two ends of the rotor is analyzed, and the unbalanced type on the rotor is judged. The vibration of the rotor is regarded as planar track motion in a plane perpendicular to the axis, the vibration in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is comprehensively considered in the vibration analysis and the unbalanced force type analysis, the vibration is not only based on single direction vibration, the obtained analysis conclusion is comprehensive and reliable, and the method is an innovation on the rotary mechanical vibration analysis method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vibration test of a rotor system.
In the figures, the various reference numerals denote: 1 bearing, 2 rotor, 3 vibration sensor, 4 key phase sensor, 5 vibration data acquisition instrument and 6 wheel disc
FIG. 2 is the original waveform of 4 vibration measuring points at two ends obtained by the rotor test.
Wherein: x1 and y1 are one bearing side horizontal and vertical vibrations, and x2 and y2 are the other bearing side horizontal and vertical vibrations;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a key phase pulse signal obtained by the test.
Fig. 4 is a graph of original vibration spectrum of 4 measuring points at two ends of a rotor obtained by testing, and the graph is marked with the amplitude and phase of a frequency doubling harmonic component.
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram corresponding to a harmonic component of a frequency doubling at 4 measuring points at two ends of a rotor, which is obtained by reconstructing a test signal by using the method.
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of the vibration radius at both ends of the rotor obtained by the method.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the method for analyzing vibration of a rotating machine based on the movement tracks of two ends of a rotor according to the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) setting a reflective mark on a rotating shaft, aligning a photoelectric sensor with the reflective mark, or forming a key slot on the rotating shaft, aligning an eddy current sensor with the key slot, and measuring a key phase pulse signal by using a method of matching the photoelectric sensor with the reflective mark or matching the eddy current sensor with the key slot, wherein one pulse signal is generated every time the rotating shaft rotates for one circle, and the real-time rotating frequency f is 1/T when the time interval between two adjacent pulses is T;
(2) respectively arranging a group of vibration sensors in the vertical and horizontal directions of the parts to be measured at the two ends of the rotor, synchronously acquiring the vibration signals in the vertical and horizontal directions at the two ends of the rotor by taking the key phase pulse signal as a trigger reference, and recording as x1(t),x2(t),y1(t),y2(t)；
(3) Carrying out fast Fourier transform on the collected vibration signals to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the power frequency harmonic component with the same rotating frequency, and respectively recording as follows: a. thex1,Ax2,Ay1,Ay2And
(4) according to the amplitude and the phase of a frequency doubling harmonic component, reconstructing a frequency doubling harmonic component signal corresponding to vertical and horizontal vibration signals at two ends of the rotor:
(5) recording the period corresponding to the rotation frequency f as T, then: t is 1/f; will [0, T]Dividing the interval into 1000 sections to obtain vibration values of each point at different times in a rotation circle: x'1(ti),y′1(ti),x′2(ti),y′2(ti)；
(7) Defining the vibration radius r of the rotor at different timesi
(8) Drawing a vibration curve composed of vibration radiuses at two ends of the rotor at different moments;
(9) finding the time point and the amplitude thereof corresponding to the 1 st vibration radius peak point on the vibration radius curves at the two ends of the rotor after the moment t is equal to 0, and respectively recording the time point and the amplitude as: t'1,A1And t'2,A2；
(10) Calculating a phase angle psi corresponding to the peak point of the vibration radius1,ψ2；
(11) At a vibration radius A1∠ψ1,A2∠ψ2As the vibration of both ends of the rotor, the vibration is decomposed into the same direction vibration A according to the vibration of both ends of the rotortAnd a reverse vibration Af；
(12) Judging the type of the unbalanced force on the rotor according to the obtained homodromous and opposite vibration component values:
if AtThe rotor is larger than an excellent value specified in a rotating mechanical vibration standard, and the unbalance force in the same direction on the rotor is large;
if AfThe reverse unbalance force on the rotor is large when the value is larger than the excellent value specified in the rotating mechanical vibration standard;
if AtAnd AfAre greater than the excellent values specified in the standards for rotating mechanical vibrations, and the unbalance forces of the hybrid type on the rotor are large.
The key phase sensor, the vibration sensor and the data acquisition instrument are all in the prior art, such as an ROS-W type photoelectric key phase sensor, an ZXP type vibration sensor and an EVM-8 type vibration data acquisition instrument.
From the above, it can be seen that rotor vibration and bearing vibration act on a plane perpendicular to the axis, which is a planar motion problem, and that analysis by means of vibration in a single direction is incomplete, and a trend is to analyze vibration in vertical and horizontal directions in combination. For example, the conventional spectrum analysis technology is performed on a single signal, while the full spectrum analysis technology is developed on the basis of the conventional spectrum analysis technology, and deep-level information and characteristics such as forward precession and reverse precession can be further obtained on the basis of the conventional spectrum by comprehensively utilizing vibration signals in the vertical and horizontal directions. The invention considers that the vibration at two ends of the rotor is performed in a plane perpendicular to the axis, and the vibration in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction needs to be comprehensively expressed. According to the method, motion tracks of two ends of the rotor in a vertical axis plane are obtained according to vibration signals of the two ends of the rotor in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, vibration radiuses at different moments are defined as the distance between a time point and a circle center on the tracks, vibration radius change curves of the two ends of the rotor are obtained, then a phase angle of a point where a 1 st vibration radius peak value after the moment t is 0 is used as a phase angle of the end, and a vibration radius peak value is used as the end vibration. On the basis, the vibration information of the two ends of the rotor is analyzed, and the unbalanced type on the rotor is judged. The method is simple, the rotor vibration is regarded as planar track motion in a plane perpendicular to an axis, the vibration in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is comprehensively considered in vibration analysis and unbalanced force type analysis, the vibration is not only based on single direction vibration, the obtained analysis conclusion is comprehensive and reliable, and the method is an innovation in the rotary mechanical vibration analysis method and obtains good technical effects through practical application:
as shown in the following table, the amplitude and the phase of the vibration radius at two ends of the rotor obtained by the method are based on x-direction vibration, the amplitude of the homodromous component is small, the amplitude of the reverse component is large, and the rotor has reverse type unbalanced force. Based on the Y-direction vibration, the amplitude of the homodromous component is large, the amplitude of the reverse component is small, and the rotor has homodromous type unbalanced force. The judgment conclusion of the unbalance type is different according to the vibration in the x direction and the vibration in the y direction, and a contradiction exists. Based on the vibration radius obtained by the method, the amplitude of the equidirectional component is greater than the excellent value specified in the vibration standard of the rotating machinery, the amplitude of the reverse component is less than the excellent value specified in the vibration standard of the rotating machinery, and the rotor has equidirectional type unbalanced force. The method comprehensively considers the vibration in the x direction and the y direction, and the vibration is not only based on the vibration in a single direction, so that the obtained analysis conclusion is comprehensive and reliable, and the method is an innovation in the rotary mechanical vibration analysis method and is practically applied.
Claims (1)
1. A rotary machine vibration analysis method based on motion tracks of two ends of a rotor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) setting a reflective mark on a rotating shaft, aligning a photoelectric sensor with the reflective mark, or forming a key slot on the rotating shaft, aligning an eddy current sensor with the key slot, and measuring a key phase pulse signal by using a method of matching the photoelectric sensor with the reflective mark or matching the eddy current sensor with the key slot, wherein one pulse signal is generated every time the rotating shaft rotates for one circle, and the real-time rotating frequency f is 1/T when the time interval between two adjacent pulses is T;
(2) respectively arranging a group of vibration sensors in the vertical and horizontal directions of the parts to be measured at the two ends of the rotor, synchronously acquiring the vibration signals in the vertical and horizontal directions at the two ends of the rotor by taking the key phase pulse signal as a trigger reference, and recording as x1(t),x2(t),y1(t),y2(t)；
(3) Carrying out fast Fourier transform on the collected vibration signals to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the power frequency harmonic component with the same rotating frequency, and respectively recording as follows: a. thex1,Ax2,Ay1,Ay2And
(4) according to the amplitude and the phase of a frequency doubling harmonic component, reconstructing a frequency doubling harmonic component signal corresponding to vertical and horizontal vibration signals at two ends of the rotor:
(5) recording the period corresponding to the rotation frequency f as T, then: t is 1/f; will [0, T]Dividing the interval into 1000 sections to obtain vibration values of each point at different times in a rotation circle: x'1(ti),y'1(ti),x'2(ti),y'2(ti)；
(7) Defining the vibration radius r of the rotor at different timesi
(8) Drawing a vibration curve composed of vibration radiuses at two ends of the rotor at different moments;
(9) finding the time point and the amplitude thereof corresponding to the 1 st vibration radius peak point on the vibration radius curves at the two ends of the rotor after the moment t is equal to 0, and respectively recording the time point and the amplitude as: t'1,A1And t'2,A2；
(10) Calculating a phase angle psi corresponding to the peak point of the vibration radius1,ψ2；
(11) At a vibration radius A1∠ψ1,A2∠ψ2As the vibration of both ends of the rotor, the vibration is decomposed into the same direction vibration A according to the vibration of both ends of the rotortAnd a reverse vibration Af；
(12) Judging the type of the unbalanced force on the rotor according to the obtained homodromous and opposite vibration component values:
if AtThe rotor is larger than an excellent value specified in a rotating mechanical vibration standard, and the unbalance force in the same direction on the rotor is large;
if AfThe reverse unbalance force on the rotor is large when the value is larger than the excellent value specified in the rotating mechanical vibration standard;
if A istAnd AfAre greater than the excellent values specified in the standards for rotating mechanical vibrations, and the unbalance forces of the hybrid type on the rotor are large.
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| CN110849414B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-04 | 润电能源科学技术有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for identifying bending direction of rotor and storage medium |
| CN110779438A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 润电能源科学技术有限公司 | Rotor bending value measuring method, steam turbine generator and computer readable storage medium |
| CN111473933B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-11-02 | 上海海事大学 | Multifunctional blade and rotor test bed |
| CN111550429B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-07-20 | 北京化工大学 | Centrifugal compressor rotor system stability comprehensive control method and device |
| CN113191057B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-04-12 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | Method and device for determining direction of unbalanced force |
| CN113358203B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2024-06-11 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华东电力试验研究院 | Rotor natural frequency identification method and system based on harmonic component decomposition |
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| CN1269504A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-11 | 黄震西 | Two-point measuring method of rotor unbalance |
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| CN1269504A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-11 | 黄震西 | Two-point measuring method of rotor unbalance |
| CN101487756A (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2009-07-22 | 东南大学 | Harmonic component rotational speed balancing method in rotating machinery vibration analysis |
| CN107255549A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-17 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of rotor multiple spot amount of unbalance recognition methods |
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