CN109028078A - A kind of biomass waste pyrolysis installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of biomass waste pyrolysis installations, it include: pyrolysis unit, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit and tail gas treating unit, wherein, the pyrolysis unit includes: the dual firing chamber that sludge is carried out the rotary furnace of pyrolysis processing and burnt to the gas generated after rotary furnace is pyrolyzed, wherein, the rotary furnace collet with its outer wall gap setting is additionally provided with outside the rotary furnace, the rotary furnace collet is connected to the gas outlet of the dual firing chamber.The present invention solves the problems, such as that original sludge treatment equipment complex process, processing time are long, operating cost is high and inconvenient.By way of self-supporting heat, while also recyclable excess energy；Common domestic sludge and dangerous sludge are handled respectively according to sludge feature；Achieve the purpose that sewage sludge harmlessness, minimizing, recycling, realizes that exhaust emissions is up to standard.

Description

A kind of biomass waste pyrolysis installation

Technical field

The invention belongs to biomass waste processing technology fields, especially suitable for sludge, kitchen garbage, greasy filth oil foot, bacterium Slag, dregs of a decoction etc. are related to the pyrolysis installation of biomass waste.

Background technique

Biomass waste includes that sludge, kitchen garbage, greasy filth oil foot, bacteria residue, dregs of a decoction etc. contain a large amount of biological living cells Waste and its arbitrary proportion combination.In recent years, biomass waste yield is sharply increased with annual 10% speed.Biology Complicated component, the moisture content of matter waste are high, dehydration is difficult, organic matter, pathogenic microorganism, heavy metal ion containing high concentration etc. Harmful substance, and it is often accompanied by stench, if will cause serious secondary pollution without processing appropriate, endanger ecological environment And human health.In addition, also containing ingredients such as a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, various trace elements and organic matters in biomass waste, through appropriate Recoverable does agricultural fertilizer after processing.

The sludge that sewage treatment plant is generated at present is through anaerobic digestion, hydro-thermal, dehydration and drying treated mud cake disposition side Method has compost, landfill and burning, and in comparison, burning has many advantages, such as harm reduction, decrement and innoxious, reaches to the final of sludge Disposition.Burning is divided into indirect incineration and directly burns, and indirect incineration needs to mix with other fuel (such as: coal), is used in mostly Steam power plant's transformation, thinner to the particle requirement of sludge, higher with the mixability of coal and restricted to mixed proportion, mixing Ratio is higher to will affect burning of coal performance；Directly burning is can directly to enter furnace after sludge to be added to a small amount of auxiliary fuel to burn It burns, directly burning is a kind of energy-saving processing mode, but if moisture percentage in sewage sludge is higher, calorific value is lower, and directly entering furnace burning needs A large amount of auxiliary fuel is consumed, operating cost is high, also needs to increase the pretreatment desiccation process of sludge when necessary.

For the mode directly burnt, usual current technology be mud cake is mixed with auxiliary fuel be sent into recirculating fluidized bed it is straight Burning is connect, the flue gas after burning discharges after waste heat boiler, vent gas treatment are up to standard.This treatment process does not need to carry out mud cake Pretreatment is (including dry, be crushed) and more demanding to subsequent cleaner, causes at UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN difficulty and tail gas Manage complex process；Need to consume a large amount of auxiliary fuel simultaneously, operating cost is high；And circulating fluidised bed apparatus is complicated, cost is big, It is more demanding to the quality and technical level of operator.

Therefore, how to design that a kind of equipment is simple, flow time is short, the sludge treatment device of good operability becomes for mesh Preceding urgent problem to be solved.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of biomass waste pyrolysis installations, to solve original sludge treatment equipment work Skill is complicated, the processing time is long, operating cost is high and inconvenient problem.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows: a kind of biomass waste pyrolysis installation, It include: pyrolysis unit, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit and tail gas treating unit, wherein the pyrolysis unit includes: to carry out heat to sludge The dual firing chamber for solving the rotary furnace of processing and burning to the gas generated after rotary furnace is pyrolyzed, wherein the rotary furnace Outside is additionally provided with the rotary furnace collet with its outer wall gap setting, the gas outlet of rotary furnace collet connection dual firing chamber.

Further, the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit includes: one section of waste heat boiler and two sections of waste heat boilers, one section of waste heat The gas outlet of boiler connects the air inlet of two sections of waste heat boilers, and the air inlet of one section of waste heat boiler connects the revolution The gas outlet of furnace collet, two sections of waste heat boilers is connected to tail gas treating unit, wherein the outlet of one section of waste heat boiler Mouth is additionally provided with the by-pass flue for being connected directly to tail gas treating unit.

Further, the outlet of the rotary furnace connects discharge cover, and the bottom of the discharge cover is cold by the discharging of installation But frequency conversion spiral will be sent through the processed sludge of rotary furnace to discharging bin, the high-temperature blower that the top of the discharge cover passes through installation Gas after pyrolysis is sent to dual firing chamber, the dual firing chamber is also connected with combustion fan.

Further, the tail gas treating unit includes chilling extracting tower and bag filter, the chilling extracting tower one End connects the gas outlet of two sections of waste heat boilers and the gas outlet of by-pass flue, and the other end connects the bag filter, cloth The bag dust collector other end connects chimney.

Preferably, the running temperature of one section of waste heat boiler is 550~800 DEG C, and pressure is tiny structure；Described more than two sections Heat boiler running temperature is 225~800 DEG C, and pressure is tiny structure.

Preferably, the rotary furnace pyrolysis temperature is 350~750 DEG C, and pressure is tiny structure, residence time 0.5h~3h； 850~1250 DEG C of dual firing chamber's running temperature, pressure is tiny structure, and the residence time is no less than 2S.

Preferably, 200 DEG C~550 DEG C of the chilling extracting tower running temperature, is less than 1S flue gas cooling time, and pressure is micro- negative Pressure；120~200 DEG C of bag-type dust running temperature, pressure is tiny structure.

Compared with prior art, biomass waste pyrolysis installation of the present invention has the following technical effect that

(1) the suitable moisture content 0%-40% of the present invention, the domestic sludge waste of the content of organic matter 40~70% and danger are dirty Mud waste is applicable to the sludge treatment with different water cut by the selection to treating capacity and residence time of material；Due to Moisture content is higher than 40% waste, is pyrolyzed the heat overwhelming majority of transmitting for drying moisture, causes valuable pyrolysis furnace volume With the waste of heat transfer area, the too low low waste of the content of organic matter, reactive material is few in pyrolytic process, and thermal decomposition product is few, heat Solve low efficiency.

(2) the sludge pathogen after being pyrolyzed is completely removed, and toxic organics are pyrolyzed into combustion gas, the ash after pyrolysis Slag can comprehensively utilize, and the heat of pyrolysis gas burning can be also comprehensively utilized, and reach the exhaust gas after burning by vent gas treatment To harmless emission, whole processing technology does not generate new pollution, basically reaches no pollution；

(3) organic matter in sludge and inorganic matter can be all pyrolyzed it is not necessary that auxiliary fuel is added as harmless compounds by pyrolysis CO, H2 and CH4 etc.；

(4) heat source that pyrolysis needs is provided by pyrolysis gas combustion heat-exchange, realizes self-supporting hot type；By adjusting rotary furnace revolving speed Residence time of material is adjusted, to realize the sludge treatment to different water cut；

(5) by adding afterburning natural gas to dual firing chamber, effective disposition to low heat value sludge is realized；

(6) by two-period form waste heat boiler and chilling extracting tower, the comprehensive utilization of general sludge and dangerous sludge is realized；

(7) simultaneously partition heating anoxybiotic pyrolysis rotary furnace apparatus expense it is relatively low, operate, safeguard it is relatively easy；

(8) semidry method tail gas treatment process when present invention realization short route, low consumption.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural principle block diagram of biomass waste pyrolysis installation described in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of biomass waste pyrolysis installation described in the embodiment of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.

For the complexity of Treatment of Sludge solution process in the prior art, a large amount of auxiliary fuels need to be consumed and the device is complicated etc. asks Topic, the invention proposes a kind of self-supporting hot type sludge treatment schemes, have process short, equipment is relatively easy, and good operability etc. is excellent Gesture.

It is shown in reference picture 1, Fig. 2, a kind of sludge treatment equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, including it is pyrolysis unit a, remaining Heat utilization unit b and tail gas treating unit c, wherein the pyrolysis unit a includes: the revolution that pyrolysis processing is carried out to sludge Furnace 11 and the dual firing chamber 12 burnt to the gas generated after rotary furnace is pyrolyzed, wherein outside the rotary furnace 11 also Equipped with the rotary furnace collet 13 with its outer wall gap setting, the rotary furnace collet 13 is connected to the gas outlet of dual firing chamber 12, two combustions Gas after room 12 is burnt continues to add in the gap that rotary furnace 11 and rotary furnace collet 13 are formed to revolution furnace outer wall again Heat can greatly save the energy, realize the sustainable use of resource.In pyrolysis unit a, the heat source for being pyrolyzed needs is fired by pyrolysis gas It burns heat exchange to provide, realizes self-supporting hot type, while also recyclable excess energy.Meanwhile by 11 shape of rotary furnace collet 13 and rotary furnace At partition heating anoxybiotic pyrolysis plant expense it is relatively low, operation, maintenance it is also relatively easy.

The UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit b includes: one section of waste heat boiler 21 and two sections of waste heat boilers 22, one section of waste heat boiler 21 gas outlet connects the air inlet of two sections of waste heat boilers 22, and the air inlet connection of one section of waste heat boiler 21 is described to return The gas outlet of converter collet 13, two sections of waste heat boilers 22 is connected to tail gas treating unit c, wherein one section of waste heat pot The gas outlet of furnace 21 is additionally provided with the by-pass flue 23 for being connected directly to tail gas treating unit c.In UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit b, according to Sludge feature handles common domestic sludge and dangerous sludge respectively；When handling domestic sludge, tail gas is by one section of waste heat boiler After 21 continue with waste heat into two sections of waste heat boilers 22, tail gas treating unit c is entered back into, when handling dangerous sludge waste, Gas enters tail gas treating unit c through by-pass flue 23 after one section of waste heat boiler 21 is cooling.

The tail gas treating unit c includes chilling extracting tower 31 and bag filter 32, described 31 one end of chilling extracting tower The gas outlet of two sections of waste heat boilers 22 and the gas outlet of by-pass flue 23 are connected, the other end connects the bag filter 32,32 other end of bag filter connects chimney.By tail gas treating unit c, it is finally reached sewage sludge harmlessness, minimizing, money Source, exhaust emissions are up to standard.Especially to moisture content less than 30%, sludge of the content of organic matter greater than 50% has preferable place Manage effect.

Wherein, pyrolysis and burning process are completed in pyrolysis unit a, and waste heat from tail gas is complete in UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit b using step At tail gas treatment process is completed in tail gas treating unit c.The treatment process of each unit is described in detail now in conjunction with Fig. 2.

Pyrolysis and combustion step need to dispose sludge through belt feeder 14 and be promoted to feed bin 15, then defeated through charging frequency conversion spiral 16 It send to rotary furnace 11 and is pyrolyzed, the sludge through pyrolysis disposition is delivered to discharging through the cooling frequency conversion spiral 17 of discharging, bucket elevator 18 The storage outward transport of storehouse 19；Gas after pyrolysis introduces dual firing chamber 12 by high-temperature blower 121 through discharge cover 120, is ignited 123 points of burner Combustion, the gas after burning, through 13 partition heating rotary furnace 11 of rotary furnace collet, maintain rotary furnace 11 after 122 air distribution of cooling blower Running temperature, gas is emitted into UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit b through rotary furnace collet 12 simultaneously.

Waste heat from tail gas utilizes step, and the tail gas come out from rotary furnace collet 13 enters the first segment of two-part waste heat boiler i.e. One section of waste heat boiler 21 carries out cooling treatment, and when handling sludge is domestic sludge, tail gas enters back into second segment i.e. two section by 21 Waste heat boiler 22 continues with waste heat, into system C；When for dangerous sludge waste, gas is after 21 is cooling through by-pass flue 23 enter tail gas treating unit c.

Vent gas treatment step, the tail gas after UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit b UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN is first through chilling extracting tower 31, again through lime Stone depickling processing unit 33 and activated carbon adsorption device 34 are handled, subsequently into bag filter 32, are finally drawn by air-introduced machine 35 It is discharged to chimney 36.The tail gas treating unit further includes lye delivery pump 37 and the chilling spray of the connection chilling extracting tower 31 Rifle.Lime stone depickling processing unit 33 is made of conveying fan and lime dispenser, and activated carbon adsorption device 34 is by conveying fan It is formed with active carbon dispenser；The stone depickling processing unit 33 is preferably disposed on the front of activated carbon adsorption device 34, in cloth The both ends of bag dust collector are additionally provided with one side cigarette channel 39,.Wherein flue gas is quickly cooled down by chilling extracting tower 31, while will be in flue gas Sour gas remove；The remaining acid gas that lime stone depickling processing unit 33 does not remove chilling extracting tower 31 removes；Through The acid gas emissions that the combination of more than half dry-process deacidifications and dry-process deacidification can but be protected in tail gas are up to standard；Activated carbon adsorption device 34 is used In removing the heavy metal ion in flue gas, it can ensure that the content of beary metal in flue gas is up to standard through this process；Bag filter 32 will The flying dust that preceding processes generate is collected, and is periodically transported to flyash curing processing, thus the really dust content of flue gas emission It is up to standard.

Wherein, the running temperature of one section of waste heat boiler is 550~800 DEG C, and pressure is tiny structure；Two sections of waste heats Boiler operatiopn temperature is 225~800 DEG C, and pressure is tiny structure, with this condition, can guarantee that burning is more abundant.

The rotary furnace pyrolysis temperature is 350~750 DEG C, and pressure is tiny structure, residence time 0.5h~3h；Dual firing chamber's fortune 850~1250 DEG C of trip temperature, pressure is tiny structure, and the residence time is no less than 2S, with this condition, can guarantee that pyrolysis is more filled Point.

200 DEG C~550 DEG C of the chilling extracting tower running temperature, flue gas cooling time are less than 1S, pressure tiny structure；Cloth bag 120~200 DEG C of dedusting running temperature, pressure is tiny structure.When burning hazardous waste, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN requires to avoid 200~500 DEG C temperature range, it is therefore desirable to temperature be lowered using cooling mode.The material of bag filter allows flue-gas temperature must not Higher than 200 DEG C, 120 DEG C must not be lower than, otherwise will cause burning bag or vapor condensation paste bag.

Based on These characteristics of the invention, it is particularly suitable for raw to sludge, kitchen garbage, greasy filth oil foot, bacteria residue, dregs of a decoction etc. Substance treatment of wastes produced.

Embodiment 1:

The common domestic sludge of raw material (moisture content 20%, content of organics 61.8%, wherein C element content 67.08%, hydrogen Constituent content 9.24%, oxygen 19.75%, nitrogen 3.14%, sulphur 0.79%) through belt feeder 14 be delivered to rotary furnace 11 dispose so that 80% organic matter pyrolysis, 80% carbon gasification, remaining clinker 40%, pyrolysis time 1h, 550 DEG C of temperature；Pyrolysis gas is high Warm blower 121 is delivered to the burning of dual firing chamber 12, and the residence time is greater than 2s, 1100 DEG C of temperature, crosses oxygen amount 10%, combustible gas fires completely It burns, harmful substance safely removes；Gas is after rotary furnace collet 13 through two-period form waste heat boiler 21, a series of 22 waste heats after burning Enter qualified discharge after tail gas treating unit c is handled after utilization.

Embodiment 2:

The common domestic sludge of raw material (moisture content 0%, content of organics 40%, wherein C element content 67.08%, protium Content 9.24%, oxygen 19.75%, nitrogen 3.14%, sulphur 0.79%) through a-6 be delivered to a-1 disposition so that 80% organic matter heat Solution, 80% carbon gasification, remaining clinker 40%, pyrolysis time 0.5h, 450 DEG C of temperature；Pyrolysis gas is conveyed through high-temperature blower 121 It burns to dual firing chamber 12, residence time 12s, crosses oxygen amount 10%, combustible gas completely burned by 900 DEG C of temperature, and harmful substance is gone safely It removes；Gas enters at tail gas after two-period form waste heat boiler 21, a series of 22 UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT INs after rotary furnace collet 13 after burning Manage qualified discharge after unit c is handled.

Embodiment 3:

(moisture content 40%, content of organics 70%, wherein C element content 67.08%, hydrogen are first for the common domestic sludge of raw material Cellulose content 9.24%, oxygen 19.75%, nitrogen 3.14%, sulphur 0.79%) through belt feeder 14 be delivered to rotary furnace 11 dispose so that 80% organic matter pyrolysis, 80% carbon gasification, remaining clinker 40%, pyrolysis time 3h, 650 DEG C of temperature；Pyrolysis gas is through height Warm blower 121 is delivered to dual firing chamber 12 and burns, residence time 10s, 1200 DEG C of temperature, excessively oxygen amount 10%, combustible gas completely burned, Harmful substance safely removes；Gas is after rotary furnace collet 13 through two-period form waste heat boiler 21, a series of 22 waste heat benefits after burning With rear qualified discharge after entering tail gas treating unit c processing.

Embodiment 4:

(moisture content 18.73%, content of organics 61.8%, wherein C element content 34.88%, hydrogen are first for raw material danger sludge Cellulose content 4.88%, oxygen 9.64%, nitrogen 1.39%, sulphur 0.67%, chlorine 0.23%, fluorine 0.02%, phosphorus 0.13%, ash 29.43%) it is delivered to rotary furnace 11 through belt feeder 14 to dispose, so that 80% organic matter pyrolysis, 80% carbon gasification, remaining furnace Slag 40%, pyrolysis time 0.5h, 550 DEG C of temperature；Pyrolysis gas is delivered to dual firing chamber 12 through high-temperature blower 121 and burns, when stop Between be greater than 8s, 1250 DEG C of temperature, cross oxygen amount 10%, combustible gas completely burned, harmful substance safely removes；Gas passes through back after burning Enter after two-period form waste heat boiler 21, a series of 22 UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT INs after converter collet 13 up to standard after tail gas treating unit c is handled Discharge.

According to the different actual conditions of sludge source, technique of the invention, which can be self-regulated, adapts to moisture content 0~40%, organic The sludge situation of matter content 40~70%.After sludge treatment equipment disposition of the invention, remaining clinker realize it is harmless and It is significantly reduced, gas emission compliance, standard is as follows:

Dangerous waste incinerator Air Pollutant Emission limit value

Of the invention is mainly characterized by self-supporting heat, while also recyclable excess energy；It will commonly be lived according to sludge feature Sludge and dangerous sludge are handled respectively；Reach sewage sludge harmlessness, minimizing, recycling, exhaust emissions is up to standard.Especially to aqueous For rate less than 30%, sludge of the content of organic matter greater than 50% has preferable treatment effect.

Several preferred embodiments of the invention have shown and described in above description, but as previously described, it should be understood that the present invention Be not limited to forms disclosed herein, should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for various other combinations, Modification and environment, and the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge can be passed through within that scope of the inventive concept describe herein It is modified.And changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then it all should be in this hair In the protection scope of bright appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of biomass waste pyrolysis installation, comprising: pyrolysis unit, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit and tail gas treating unit, it is special Sign is that the pyrolysis unit includes: to carry out the rotary furnace of pyrolysis processing to sludge and generate to after rotary furnace is pyrolyzed The dual firing chamber that gas burns, wherein the rotary furnace collet with its outer wall gap setting, institute are additionally provided with outside the rotary furnace State the gas outlet that rotary furnace collet is connected to the dual firing chamber.

2. biomass waste pyrolysis installation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit includes: one Section waste heat boiler and two sections of waste heat boilers, the gas outlet of one section of waste heat boiler connect the air inlet of two sections of waste heat boilers Mouthful, the air inlet of one section of waste heat boiler connects the rotary furnace collet, and the gas outlet of two sections of waste heat boilers is connected to Tail gas treating unit, wherein the gas outlet of one section of waste heat boiler is additionally provided with the bypass for being connected directly to tail gas treating unit Flue.

3. biomass waste pyrolysis installation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the outlet of the rotary furnace connects discharging The bottom of cover, the discharge cover will be sent through the processed sludge of rotary furnace to discharging by the cooling frequency conversion spiral of the discharging installed The top in storehouse, the discharge cover is sent the gas after pyrolysis to dual firing chamber by the high-temperature blower installed, and the dual firing chamber also connects It is connected to combustion fan.

4. biomass waste pyrolysis installation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the tail gas treating unit includes chilling Extracting tower and bag filter, chilling extracting tower one end connect gas outlet and the by-pass flue of two sections of waste heat boilers Gas outlet, the other end connect the bag filter, and the bag filter other end is connected with chimney.

5. biomass waste pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the operation temperature of one section of waste heat boiler Degree is 550~800 DEG C, and pressure is tiny structure；Two sections of waste heat boiler running temperatures are 225~800 DEG C, and pressure is micro- negative Pressure.

6. biomass waste pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the rotary furnace pyrolysis temperature is 350 ~750 DEG C, pressure is tiny structure, residence time 0.5h~3h；850~1250 DEG C of dual firing chamber's running temperature, pressure is tiny structure, Residence time is no less than 2S.

7. biomass waste pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the chilling extracting tower running temperature 200 DEG C~550 DEG C, flue gas cooling time is less than 1S, pressure tiny structure；120~200 DEG C of bag-type dust running temperature, pressure is Tiny structure.