CN109023564B - Preparation method of polylactic acid colored short fibers - Google Patents
Preparation method of polylactic acid colored short fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN109023564B CN109023564B CN201811076221.1A CN201811076221A CN109023564B CN 109023564 B CN109023564 B CN 109023564B CN 201811076221 A CN201811076221 A CN 201811076221A CN 109023564 B CN109023564 B CN 109023564B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/10—Filtering or de-aerating the spinning solution or melt
- D01D1/106—Filtering
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/02—Heat treatment
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
- D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/096—Humidity control, or oiling, of filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/04—Pigments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of polylactic acid colored short fibers, which takes fiber-grade polylactic acid (PLA) and masterbatch as raw materials and prepares the polylactic acid colored short fibers through the technological processes of vacuum drying, screw extrusion melting, spinning, cooling, bundling, drafting, heat treatment, tow crimping and cutting. The method has simple process route, the prepared polylactic acid colored short fiber has excellent performance after batch industrialization, the linear density of the short fiber is 0.56 dtex-6.67 dtex, the comprehensive index completely meets the requirements of knitting and weaving yarns, and the method has good market application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of short fiber preparation, in particular to a preparation method of polylactic acid (PLA) colored short fibers.
Background
Polylactic acid (PLA) fiber is one of the green fibers with the largest development prospect at present, and has the advantages of environmental protection, no toxicity, antibiosis, flame retardance, allergy prevention, degradability and renewable raw materials. The polylactic acid fiber has excellent physical properties and wide application, has high dry and wet strength and initial modulus and good dimensional stability, integrates the comfort of cotton, the draping of viscose, the strength of terylene and the hand feeling of silk, has excellent wearing performance, and is widely applied to the fields of clothing, fabrics, underwear, home textiles, sanitary ware, health care products and the like.
The polylactic acid resin may be obtained by ring-opening polymerization of lactide or by direct polymerization of lactic acid. Lactic acid can be obtained by fermentation of starch, which is widely available, and renewable natural plants such as sweet potato, corn and other grains can be used as its raw material. In addition, polylactic acid product waste can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water in nature at a controllable speed, and the environment-friendly effect is quite good. Therefore, as an ideal green fiber, polylactic acid has wide application prospect of sustainable development, and the development and application of the fiber are one of ways for solving white pollution, and certainly have good social benefit and development prospect.
Polylactic acid can be made into fibers by solution spinning and melt spinning. At present, common solvents for solution spinning include dichloromethane, chloroform and toluene, but the solvents are toxic, the spinning environment is bad, the process is complex, the solvents are difficult to recover, and the industrial production of the solvents is limited. Polylactic acid can be melt-spun by using a melt-spinning apparatus, and therefore, melt-spinning is more promising and is the mainstream of industrial production. The foreign research on polylactic acid spinning is earlier, compared with the foreign research, the domestic polylactic acid production technology still belongs to the starting stage, the processing of polylactic acid is mostly plastic, the research on the fiber spinning production technology is less, and particularly the industrialized polylactic acid fiber production is basically blank in China.
In the textile industry, most of the fabrics are matched by various colors to meet market demands, so that fibers or fabrics with different colors are obtained by dyeing. The polylactic acid fiber belongs to a novel fiber, which is different from various performances of petroleum-based fibers such as polyester and the like and natural fibers such as cotton and the like, has the characteristics of hydrophobicity, intolerance to high temperature, intolerance to strong acid and alkali and easy hydrolysis, and if the traditional dyeing process sleeve such as polyester, cotton and the like is simply used for the polylactic acid fiber, very harsh process parameters are required, even if the color fastness of the product is not high, the product is easy to fade and cannot be suitable for industrial production, thereby greatly limiting the popularization and the application of the polylactic acid fiber. The polylactic acid colored slice spinning is different from the conventional spinning, the thermosensitive property of the polylactic acid material is determined that the polylactic acid colored slice spinning cannot select common dye like the conventional colored spinning, the polylactic acid colored fiber selects special dye, the polylactic acid material is used as a carrier to prepare color master batch, and the color master batch and the slice are uniformly mixed and then are melted and extruded to a spinning component through a special screw extruder. In addition, the dyeing and finishing of the fiber or fabric needs to consume a large amount of energy sources such as water, electricity and steam, the production cost is increased, and the problem of extremely serious environmental protection exists, and the dyeing process of the polylactic acid fiber is urgently required to be transformed to adapt to the social requirement of sustainable green development at present advocated low carbon, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of polylactic acid colored short fibers.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a polylactic acid colored staple fiber produced by the above-mentioned production method.
The invention provides a preparation method of polylactic acid colored short fibers, which comprises the steps of pre-spinning and post-spinning, wherein the pre-spinning comprises the following steps: mixing the fiber-grade polylactic acid slices and the color master batch, carrying out rotary drum vacuum drying, extruding and melting through a screw at 235-250 ℃, filtering the melt, and spinning the spinning box assembly, wherein the temperature of the spinning box is 235-250 ℃; cooling and molding after spinning to obtain nascent fibers, bundling the nascent fibers, oiling and discharging the nascent fibers into a barrel;
the post-spinning step comprises the following steps: the primary fiber is bundled and then sequentially subjected to yarn guiding, oil soaking, first drafting, oil bath drafting, second drafting, steam water bath, third drafting, tension heat setting, cooling spraying, traction, yarn stacking, steam ironing, curling, conveying, relaxation heat setting, traction cutting and packaging.
In the preparation method of the invention, the addition amount of the color master batch is required to be controlled in consideration of the fact that the addition of the color master batch can affect the spinnability, the coloring effect and the physical and mechanical properties of the polylactic acid. The addition amount of the color master batch is 1.5 to 12.5 weight percent of the polylactic acid. To ensure uniform coloration, the masterbatch is thoroughly mixed with the polylactic acid chip.
Since polylactic acid contains ester bonds, the ester bonds are hydrolyzed under high water content and high temperature conditions, resulting in a decrease in molecular mass. In addition, the moisture in the polylactic acid slice can form bubbles during spinning, the bubbles are mixed in melt trickles, so that spinning floating yarns, broken yarns and broken yarns are very easy to generate, and the polylactic acid slice with high moisture content is very easy to cause loop blocking after entering screw extrusion, so that the slice is required to be dried before melt spinning, and the moisture content of the slice is strictly controlled.
According to the method, after the optimization process, when the fiber-grade polylactic acid slices in the pre-spinning step enter a rotary drum for vacuum drying, the temperature is 95-105 ℃, the drying time is 10-12 hours, and the moisture content of the dried slices is less than or equal to 0.03 per mill.
When the polylactic acid melt passes through micropores of a spinneret plate through melt extrusion of a screw extruder, if the melt contains gel particles, impurities and the like, the sizes of the gel particles, the impurities and the like are larger, the micropores are blocked, so that the micropores are abnormal, pulp yarns appear, defects are broken, the product quality is seriously affected, and the polylactic acid spinning temperature is lower than the polyester spinning temperature. Meets the high requirements of polylactic acid (PLA) fiber on melt quality uniformity and purity, has stable product quality and ideal service cycle of components.
The filtering precision and the number of the selected sea sand are comprehensively considered according to the specification of the spinning assembly and the control parameters of the spinning pressure. If sea sand with other specifications, such as 40 meshes, is adopted, the spinning pressure fluctuation is large, and the primary fiber index is unqualified.
Because the spinneret plate has tiny micropores, the number of the component filters and the filter screen is increased, the flow resistance of the melt in the component is increased, the flow performance is poor, and meanwhile, the quality of the melt is required to be uniform, and the generation of condensed particles is reduced, so that the control of the spinning temperature is very important. In the preparation method, the temperature of the screw and the spinning box is controlled at 235-250 ℃, the fluidity of the melt is good, the relaxation time of high elastic deformation can be shortened, the melt puffing effect can be reduced, the melt fracture can be prevented, but the spinning temperature is not too high, otherwise, the melt is easily degraded seriously, and the normal spinning cannot be ensured.
The invention controls the circular blowing wind pressure to be 200 pa-800 pa, the wind temperature to be 18-24 ℃ and the wind speed to be 1.2-2.5 m/s during cooling molding. The wind speed is too high or too low, and the cross section unevenness (DVC) of the precursor is high. The cooling solidification speed difference on the section of the nascent fiber is small when the wind speed is too low, and the self-rolling effect is poor; the wind speed is too high, and the filament disturbance is large, which is unfavorable for spinning and drafting. Too high a wind speed can cause the pre-orientation degree of the nascent fiber to be higher, thereby generating transitional draft in the draft, leading to the increase of fuzziness, broken ends and winding rollers, the draft process can not be normally carried out, and the shrinkage capacity of macromolecules can be reduced, so that the curl and fluffiness of the fiber are reduced.
In the pre-spinning step of the preparation method, the concentration of the oiling agent is 0.8-2.0% when the pre-spinning is used for oiling in a bundling way. In the post spinning step, the concentration of the oiling agent is 1.0-2.0% when in oil bath drafting, and the concentration of the oiling agent is 2.0-5.0% when in cooling spraying. Polylactic acid fibers have a low moisture regain, a low dielectric constant, and a high coefficient of friction, and therefore an oil must be used. The oil agent mainly comprises a surfactant, and can form a directional adsorption layer, namely an oil film, on the surface of the chemical fiber. The oil film can reduce the surface resistance of the fiber, increase the electric conduction effect, isolate the fiber, and have certain affinity to the fiber, so that the fiber has certain bundling property and is not scattered. The oil film also imparts some smoothness to the fibers. Therefore, the oiling agent generally has the functions of smoothness, static resistance, bundling or cohesion and the like, and is required to be used in the front and back spinning production process.
In the pre-spinning step of the preparation method, the spinning speed is 800-1500 m/min when the barrel falls. The spinning speed mainly influences the degree of pre-orientation of the nascent fibers. Similar to other polymer materials, the higher the spinning speed, the higher the degree of orientation and the lower the post-stretching magnification. On the other hand, when the high-temperature spinning melt is extruded out of the spinneret orifice, the high-temperature spinning melt contacts oxygen and moisture in the air to generate thermal degradation and hydrolysis, so that the relative molecular mass is reduced; as the spinning speed becomes greater, the time for the spinning melt to contact the air is reduced, and the time for thermal degradation and hydrolysis to occur is reduced, so that the relative molecular mass loss is smaller. Therefore, the higher spinning speed is beneficial to ensuring the quality of the polylactic acid fiber, and the too high spinning speed can lead the polylactic acid to be crystallized too short, to be crystallized incompletely and to be broken easily. Thus, the choice of spinning speed can be considered in terms of the overall process of front and back spinning. In a proper range, a higher spinning speed can be selected, so that the product quality can be ensured, and the yield can be improved.
Draft of the nascent fiber is the process by which molecular segments orient in the axial direction of the fiber under the influence of an external force and improve strength and other mechanical properties. This requires that the oil bath draft maintains the filament bundle at a temperature that provides sufficient mobility of the molecular segments being drafted. When the temperature is lower, the high polymer can be oriented to a certain degree by the forced action of mechanical force, but the internal stress of the fiber is large at the moment, the stretching point is unstable, the filament bundle is whitened and scalded, and even the filament and broken ends are generated, so that the filament bundle is easy to wind. When the temperature is too high, the plastic deformation of the tows is greatly increased, the tows are easy to break, meanwhile, the crystallization speed is increased due to the too high temperature, the tensile stress is increased, and the tows are easy to break during driving. Therefore, the better oil bath temperature should be higher than the glass transition temperature of the fiber so as to promote the movement of molecular chain segments, reduce the tensile stress and facilitate the smooth proceeding of the stretching. Therefore, in the post-spinning step, the temperature is 40-50 ℃ during oil immersion; when in oil bath drafting, the temperature is 70-80 ℃; the temperature is 85-100 ℃ when the steam is used for water bath.
The draft ratio is selected between the maximum draft ratio and the natural draft ratio of the as-spun fiber, because if the draft ratio is less than the natural draft ratio, the neck of the drawn fiber is not yet expanded to the whole fiber, and necessarily contains more undrawn filaments, and the fiber has no practical value, and when the draft ratio reaches the maximum ratio, the fiber is broken. When the draft multiple is smaller, the difference of microstructure of the fiber section is not pulled, and the curling effect cannot be fully reflected; when the draft multiple is larger, the axial arrangement homogenization of macromolecules is accelerated, so that the self-winding capability is weakened, and the draft multiple of the crimped fiber is not unchanged in the drafting process. On the premise of meeting the quality, the drafting speed of the first, second and third drafting of the post spinning is 20 m/min-150 m/min, and the total drafting multiple is 3.0-5.0.
In the post spinning step of the preparation method provided by the invention, when tension heat setting is carried out, the heat setting temperature is 80-130 ℃, and the heat setting time is 5.2-13.2 s; when in relaxation heat setting, the heat setting temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the heat setting time is 15-20 min. Because the microstructure inside the nascent fiber has difference, macromolecule plastic deformation exists after stretching, after external force disappears, high elastic deformation relaxes and generates different shrinkage effects to twist around the axial direction so as to form spiral curl, but the fiber internal structure is not fixed at this time, the dimensional stability is poor, the crystallinity is low, and the relaxation time of the high elastic deformation at low temperature is long, so that the macromolecule relaxation time is shortened in a heat setting mode, the fiber crystallinity is improved, and the fiber strength and the physical and mechanical properties are improved.
In the post-spinning step of the preparation method provided by the invention, a crimping machine is utilized for mechanical crimping, the speed of the crimping machine is 63.0 m/min-157.5 m/min, the main pressure of a crimping wheel is 0.1 MPa-0.15 MPa, and the back pressure of the crimping wheel is 0.02 MPa-0.05 MPa. To improve the crimping effect, the fibres need to be ironed before crimping. In the invention, the temperature is 80-100 ℃ when steam ironing. The surface of the common fiber is smooth, and the cohesion force between the fibers is small, which is not beneficial to textile processing. The fiber is subjected to chemical, physical or mechanical crimping processing, so that certain crimping is imparted to the fiber, the cohesion of the fiber can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the bulkiness and the elasticity of the fiber are increased.
The invention provides the polylactic acid colored short fiber prepared by the preparation method.
The polylactic acid colored short fiber prepared by the polylactic acid colored short fiber preparation method designed aiming at the characteristics of the polylactic acid slices has good evenness, and the evenness variation coefficient CV can reach below 15 percent; the coloring property is good, the dye-uptake is high, the length of the polylactic acid short fiber is controllable, the fiber length can be controlled in the cutting procedure, and the fibers with different lengths, such as 31mm, 33mm, 35mm, 38mm and the like, can be obtained by controlling the spacing of the cutting blades in the cutting cutterhead; various product indexes such as strength, elongation at break and the like can be adjusted according to the needs, and the obtained product can completely meet the application requirements in the downstream fields such as spinning and non-spinning. In addition, the process can also produce hollow fibers with 2 holes, 4 holes, 6 holes, 9 holes and the like, has high degree of elasticity in compression, good heat retention, fluffiness and air permeability, and can be used as various filling materials. The method has the advantages that the process route is simple, the color short fibers of the polylactic acid prepared by batch industrialization are excellent in performance, the product quality is stable, the linear density of the color short fibers is 0.56 dtex-6.67 dtex, the comprehensive index completely meets the requirements of knitting and weaving yarns, and the method has good market application value.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present invention. The various reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by known methods unless otherwise specified. The fiber grade polylactic acid chips used in the examples were purchased from Nature works, U.S., and the color master batch was purchased from Suzhou Baoli Plastic materials Co. The linear density test adopts a GBT 14335-2008 chemical fiber short fiber linear density test method.
Example 1 preparation of polylactic acid colored staple fiber (1)
(1) Pre-spinning step
Drum drying: and fully mixing the blue master batch accounting for 7 percent of the weight of the polylactic acid slices with the polylactic acid slices, then feeding the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer, and drying the mixture for 12 hours at 95 ℃ to obtain the water content of the dried raw material of 0.026 percent.
Melt spinning: and conveying the dried raw materials into a screw extruder for heating and melting, and filtering and spinning the melt through a spinning assembly to form the primary fiber. The temperature of the screw rod and the spinning box is 238 ℃ during heating and melting; when the melt is filtered, a composite filter screen with the filtering precision of 20-25 mu m and the filter screen of 50-200 meshes is selected, and the filtering sand adopts 20-mesh sea sand.
Cooling and molding: and cooling and molding the nascent fiber by circular blowing. The air pressure of the circular blowing air is 240Pa, the air temperature is 20 ℃, and the air speed is 1.4m/s;
cluster oiling and barrel dropping: and (3) oiling and bundling the cooled and formed nascent fibers by an oiling machine, and winding and feeding the nascent fibers into a yarn containing barrel by a traction machine and a feeding machine. The concentration of the oiling agent is 1.0% during oiling, and the spinning speed is 1200m/min during barrel falling.
(2) Post spinning step
Bundling, guiding wires, immersing in oil, and drafting: and after bundling, the primary fibers obtained by the pre-spinning sequentially pass through a yarn guide machine, an oil immersion groove, a first drawing machine, an oil bath drawing groove, a second drawing machine, a steam water bath box and a third drawing machine to draw the primary fibers so as to perform oriented crystallization, thereby improving physical and mechanical properties. The draft ratio was 3.4 times. The temperature of the oil immersion tank is 45 ℃, the speed of the first drawing machine is 23.5m/min, the temperature of the oil bath drawing tank is 68 ℃, the speed of the second drawing machine is 72.0m/min, the temperature of the steam water bath tank is 90 ℃, and the speed of the third drawing machine is 80.0m/min. The concentration of the oil solution in the oil bath drafting tank is 1.8%.
Tension heat setting, cooling spray, steam ironing, crimping: and (3) carrying out heat setting on the drawn nascent fibers by a tension heat setting machine, oiling and cooling the drawn nascent fibers by a cooling spray tank, sending the drawn nascent fibers into a steam preheating box by a traction machine and a yarn folding machine for steam ironing, and sending the drawn nascent fibers into a crimping machine for crimping and forming the yarn sheets. The tension heat setting temperature is 100 ℃, the heat setting time is 9.9s, the concentration of cooling spraying oil is 4.0%, the steam ironing temperature is 85 ℃, the speed of a crimping machine is 84.0m/min, the main pressure of a crimping wheel is 0.12MPa, and the back pressure of the crimping wheel is 0.024MPa.
Relaxation heat setting: the curled filament bundle is sent into a relaxation heat setting machine for relaxation setting. The relaxation setting temperature is 55 ℃, and the setting time is 20min.
Traction cutting and packaging: and (3) conveying the loose and shaped tows into a cutting machine for cutting through a traction tension machine, and packaging the tows by a packaging machine to obtain a 6.67dtex polylactic acid blue short fiber finished product. The abrasion fastness and the washing fastness of the fiber are both 5 grades through detection.
Example 2 preparation of polylactic acid colored staple fiber (2)
(1) Pre-spinning step
Drum drying: and fully mixing the red color master batch accounting for 5 percent of the weight of the polylactic acid slices with the polylactic acid slices, then feeding the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer, and drying the mixture for 11 hours at 100 ℃, wherein the water content of the dried raw material is measured to be 0.025 percent.
Melt spinning: and conveying the dried raw materials into a screw extruder for heating and melting, and filtering and spinning the melt through a spinning assembly to form the primary fiber. The temperature of the screw rod and the spinning box is 242 ℃ during heating and melting; when the melt is filtered, a composite filter screen with the filtering precision of 20-25 mu m and the filter screen of 50-200 meshes is selected, and the filtering sand adopts 20-mesh sea sand.
Cooling and molding: and cooling and molding the nascent fiber by circular blowing. The circular blowing wind pressure is 330Pa, the wind temperature is 22 ℃, and the wind speed is 1.5m/s;
cluster oiling and barrel dropping: and (3) oiling and bundling the cooled and formed nascent fibers by an oiling machine, and winding and feeding the nascent fibers into a yarn containing barrel by a traction machine and a feeding machine. The concentration of the oiling agent is 1.5% during oiling, and the spinning speed is 1100m/min during barrel falling.
(2) Post spinning step
Bundling, guiding wires, immersing in oil, and drafting: and after bundling, the primary fibers obtained by the pre-spinning sequentially pass through a yarn guide machine, an oil immersion groove, a first drawing machine, an oil bath drawing groove, a second drawing machine, a steam water bath box and a third drawing machine to draw the primary fibers so as to perform oriented crystallization, thereby improving physical and mechanical properties. The draft ratio was 4.4 times. The temperature of the oil immersion tank is 47 ℃, the speed of the first drawing machine is 22.7m/min, the temperature of the oil bath drawing tank is 72 ℃, the speed of the second drawing machine is 90.0m/min, the temperature of the steam water bath tank is 92 ℃, and the speed of the third drawing machine is 100.0m/min. The concentration of the oil solution in the oil bath drafting tank is 1.6%.
Tension heat setting, cooling spray, steam ironing, crimping: and (3) carrying out heat setting on the drawn nascent fibers by a tension heat setting machine, oiling and cooling the drawn nascent fibers by a cooling spray tank, sending the drawn nascent fibers into a steam preheating box by a traction machine and a yarn folding machine for steam ironing, and sending the drawn nascent fibers into a crimping machine for crimping and forming the yarn sheets. The tension heat setting temperature is 110 ℃, the heat setting time is 7.9 s, the concentration of cooling spraying oil is 4.2%, the steam ironing temperature is 88 ℃, the speed of a crimping machine is 105.0m/min, the main pressure of a crimping wheel is 0.12MPa, and the back pressure of the crimping wheel is 0.04MPa.
Relaxation heat setting: the curled filament bundle is sent into a relaxation heat setting machine for relaxation setting. The relaxation setting temperature is 60 ℃, and the setting time is 16min.
Traction cutting and packaging: and (3) conveying the loose and shaped tows into a cutting machine for cutting through a traction tension machine, and packaging the tows by a packaging machine to obtain a 1.67dtex polylactic acid red staple fiber finished product. The abrasion fastness and the washing fastness of the fiber are both 5 grades through detection.
Example 3 preparation of polylactic acid colored staple fiber (3)
(1) Pre-spinning step
Drum drying: and fully mixing black master batch accounting for 2 percent of the weight of the polylactic acid slices with the polylactic acid slices, then sending the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer, drying the mixture for 12 hours at 105 ℃, and measuring the water content of the dried raw material to be 0.022 percent.
Melt spinning: and conveying the dried raw materials into a screw extruder for heating and melting, and filtering and spinning the melt through a spinning assembly to form the primary fiber. The temperature of the screw rod and the spinning box is 245 ℃ during heating and melting; when the melt is filtered, a composite filter screen with the filtering precision of 20-25 mu m and the filter screen of 50-200 meshes is selected, and the filtering sand adopts 20-mesh sea sand.
Cooling and molding: and cooling and molding the nascent fiber by circular blowing. The air pressure of the circular blowing air is 600Pa, the air temperature is 22 ℃, and the air speed is 2.2m/s;
cluster oiling and barrel dropping: and (3) oiling and bundling the cooled and formed nascent fibers by an oiling machine, and winding and feeding the nascent fibers into a yarn containing barrel by a traction machine and a feeding machine. The concentration of the oiling agent is 2.0% during oiling, and the spinning speed is 1000m/min during barrel falling.
(2) Post spinning step
Bundling, guiding wires, immersing in oil, and drafting: and after bundling, the primary fibers obtained by the pre-spinning sequentially pass through a yarn guide machine, an oil immersion groove, a first drawing machine, an oil bath drawing groove, a second drawing machine, a steam water bath box and a third drawing machine to draw the primary fibers so as to perform oriented crystallization, thereby improving physical and mechanical properties. The draft ratio was 4.8 times. The temperature of the oil immersion tank is 50 ℃, the speed of the first drawing machine is 27.1m/min, the temperature of the oil bath drawing tank is 75 ℃, the speed of the second drawing machine is 117.0m/min, the temperature of the steam water bath tank is 98 ℃, and the speed of the third drawing machine is 130.0m/min. The concentration of the oil solution in the oil bath drafting tank is 1.5%.
Tension heat setting, cooling spray, steam ironing, crimping: and (3) carrying out heat setting on the drawn nascent fibers by a tension heat setting machine, oiling and cooling the drawn nascent fibers by a cooling spray tank, sending the drawn nascent fibers into a steam preheating box by a traction machine and a yarn folding machine for steam ironing, and sending the drawn nascent fibers into a crimping machine for crimping and forming the yarn sheets. The tension heat setting temperature is 115 ℃, the heat setting time is 6.1s, the concentration of cooling spraying oil is 4.5%, the steam ironing temperature is 92 ℃, the speed of a crimping machine is 136.5m/min, the main pressure of a crimping wheel is 0.14MPa, and the back pressure of the crimping wheel is 0.05MPa.
Relaxation heat setting: the curled filament bundle is sent into a relaxation heat setting machine for relaxation setting. The relaxation setting temperature is 65 ℃ and the setting time is 15min.
Traction cutting and packaging: and (3) conveying the loose and shaped tows into a cutting machine for cutting through a traction tension machine, and packaging by a packaging machine to obtain a 0.89dtex polylactic acid black short fiber finished product. The abrasion fastness and the washing fastness of the fiber are both grade 4 through detection.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing polylactic acid colored short fibers is characterized by comprising the steps of pre-spinning and post-spinning,
wherein, the pre-spinning sequentially comprises the following steps:
mixing the fiber-grade polylactic acid slices and the color master batch, and performing rotary drum vacuum drying;
then extruding and melting through a screw at 235-250 ℃;
spinning the melt by using a spinning box assembly after filtering, wherein the temperature of the spinning box is 235-250 ℃;
cooling and molding after spinning to obtain nascent fibers; wherein, during melt filtration, the filtering precision of the melt filtration is 20-25 mu m, the filter screen is a composite filter screen with 50-200 meshes, and the filtering sand adopts 20-mesh sea sand;
oiling and barrel dropping of primary fiber bundles;
the post-spinning step sequentially comprises the following steps: sequentially conducting yarn guiding, oil soaking, first drafting, oil bath drafting, second drafting, steam water bath, third drafting, tension heat setting, cooling spraying, traction, yarn stacking, steam ironing, curling, conveying, relaxation heat setting, traction cutting and packaging after primary fiber bundling;
when in tension heat setting, the heat setting temperature is 100-130 ℃, and the heat setting time is 5.2-9.9 s;
when in relaxation heat setting, the heat setting temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the heat setting time is 15-20 min;
the speed of the first drawing machine is 23.5m/min, the temperature of the oil bath drawing tank is 68 ℃, the speed of the second drawing machine is 72.0m/min, the temperature of the steam water bath tank is 90 ℃, and the speed of the third drawing machine is 80.0m/min; or the speed of the first drawing machine is 22.7m/min, the temperature of the oil bath drawing tank is 72 ℃, the speed of the second drawing machine is 90.0m/min, the temperature of the steam water bath tank is 92 ℃, and the speed of the third drawing machine is 100.0m/min; or the speed of the first drawing machine is 27.1m/min, the temperature of the oil bath drawing tank is 75 ℃, the speed of the second drawing machine is 117.0m/min, the temperature of the steam water bath tank is 98 ℃, and the speed of the third drawing machine is 130.0m/min;
in the post spinning step, the speed of the crimping machine is 63.0-157.5 m/min, the main pressure of the crimping wheel is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the compressed pressure of the crimping wheel is 0.02-0.05 MPa.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the pre-spinning step, the color master batch is added according to 1.5-12.5 wt% of the weight of the polylactic acid slices, and the color master batch is fully mixed and enters a rotary drum for vacuum drying at 95-105 ℃ for 10-12 hours, and the water content of the dried slices is less than or equal to 0.03%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the screw and the spinning manifold is 235-250 ℃ when the spinning manifold assembly is used for spinning; when the monofilament leaving the spinneret plate is cooled and molded, the circumferential blowing wind pressure is 200 Pa-800 Pa, the wind temperature is 18-24 ℃, and the wind speed is 1.2-2.5 m/s.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the oiling agent is 0.8-2.0% in the step of spinning before the cluster oiling; when the spinning barrel falls down, the spinning speed is 800-1500 m/min.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the post-spinning step, the temperature is 40 ℃ to 50 ℃ when immersing the oil; when in oil bath drafting, the temperature is 70-80 ℃ and the concentration of the oiling agent is 1.0-2.0%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the post-spinning step, the temperature is 85 ℃ to 100 ℃ in a steam water bath; when cooling and spraying, the concentration of the oiling agent is 2.0-5.0%; when steam ironing, the temperature is 80-100 ℃.
7. The colored polylactic acid staple fiber produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN109629039A (en) * | 2018-12-23 | 2019-04-16 | 马子男 | A kind of manufacturing method of coloured anti-bacterial zein fiber long filament |
| CN113355756A (en) * | 2020-03-07 | 2021-09-07 | 东部湾(扬州)生物新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of environment-friendly composite fiber for sanitary materials |
| CN113026129A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-25 | 苏州盟红新材料科技有限公司 | Heat setting method of high-heat-resistance polylactic acid fiber |
| CN114592253B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2024-02-23 | 安徽丰原生物纤维股份有限公司 | Polylactic acid filament yarn and preparation method thereof |
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