CN109022948B - SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of aluminum alloy materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting industrial pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, pure magnesium, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-nickel alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy and aluminum-manganese alloy according to the mass ratio at the temperature of 700 plus 800 ℃; degassing and refining; casting at 700-750 ℃; smelting the substrate at the temperature of 700 ℃ and 800 ℃ by using vacuum smelting stirring casting equipment; adding micron-sized SiC particles; stirring in a semi-solid state at 550-570 ℃; casting at 700-750 ℃; t6 heat treatment is carried out. According to the invention, the components of the matrix alloy are designed by self according to an alloy phase diagram, and a proper amount of element content is selected, so that a high-temperature resistant hard phase appears after the matrix alloy is subjected to heat treatment, and the matrix hardness of the matrix alloy at high temperature is ensured; meanwhile, the SiC reinforced phase is added, so that the high temperature resistance of the composite material is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and relates to a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The light weight of the automobile is the development direction of the automobile industry in the future. The automobile brake disc prepared by adopting the aluminum alloy material to replace the gray cast iron material widely used at present meets the requirement of light weight of the automobile. The braking performance of the automobile brake disc is directly related to the safety problem of vehicle running. Particularly, in the situation of continuous braking on a downhill, the surface temperature of the brake disc can reach 300-. Therefore, the composition of the aluminum alloy must be improved to produce an aluminum alloy material with high-temperature wear resistance, and the aluminum alloy material still has higher hardness and wear resistance at 400 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance and a preparation method thereof, which can still keep higher hardness at 400 ℃ so as to overcome the problem of softening of an aluminum alloy brake disc under the condition of continuous braking.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance consists of a matrix alloy and a reinforcing phase; the matrix alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass (wt.%): 12-13% of Si, 3.5-4.2% of Cu, 0.5-0.7% of Mg, 1.0-1.5% of Ni, 0.05-0.3% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Zn, 0.05-0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al; the reinforcing phase is micron SiC particles with the volume percentage of 15-25%.
The volume percentage (volume fraction) of SiC is calculated from the theoretical density and the theoretical density of the matrix alloy, and V is m/ρ.
vol％SiC＝VSiC/(VSiC+VAlloy matrix)X100％。
The total volume represents the volume of the whole of the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite having high temperature wear resistance, including the SiC volume.
A preparation method of SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high-temperature wear resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) melting: adding industrial pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, metal magnesium, aluminum-nickel alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy according to the mass percentage of each metal element component in the set matrix alloy in a smelting furnace, heating to 700-800 ℃, melting all the alloys into liquid, and preserving heat for 5-15min at the temperature of 700-800 ℃ to obtain metal solution;
(2) removing slag from the metal solution obtained in the step (1), adding an aluminum refining agent, keeping the temperature at 650-750 ℃ for 10-20min, skimming, and standing for 5-10min after skimming to obtain a refined metal solution;
(3) preheating the casting mold to 250 +/-10 ℃, and pouring the refined metal solution obtained in the step (2) into a matrix alloy casting blank at the casting temperature of 700-750 ℃;
(4) remelting the base alloy casting blank obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 700-;
(5) after the feeding is finished, reducing the furnace temperature to 550-570 ℃ for semi-solid stirring, and stably stirring for 20-25 minutes to obtain a refined metal solution containing SiC particles;
(6) preheating the casting mold to 250 +/-10 ℃, and pouring the refined metal solution containing the SiC particles obtained in the step (5) into a casting blank of the high-temperature resistant SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃;
(7) the cast ingot was subjected to a T6 heat treatment.
In the step (1), the mass percentage of each metal element component in the set base alloy is as follows: 12 to 13 percent of Si, 3.5 to 4.2 percent of Cu, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Mg, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of Ni, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Ti and the balance of Al.
Further, in the step (4), the volume percentage content of the added micron-sized SiC particles is 15-25%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the aluminum-silicon alloy is an Al-20% Si master alloy, the aluminum-copper alloy is an Al-50% master alloy, the aluminum-nickel alloy is an Al-10% Ni master alloy, the aluminum-zinc alloy is an Al-10% Zn master alloy, the aluminum-manganese alloy is an Al-10% Mn master alloy, and the aluminum-titanium-boron alloy is an Al-5% Ti-1% B master alloy.
Preferably, in step (2), the aluminum refining agent used is hexachloroethane, and the amount of the refining agent added is 0.5-1.0% of the total weight of the base alloy.
Preferably, in the step (4), the micron-sized SiC particles are SiC particles sieved by a 1000-mesh sieve, and before use, the micron-sized SiC particles are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, drying, high-temperature oxidation and sieving treatment.
Preferably, in the step (4), the process parameters of adding the micron-sized SiC particles under vacuum stirring are as follows: stirring the melt at 400r/min in 350-; the stirring speed is gradually increased to 500-550r/min in the feeding process until the feeding is ended, and the temperature in the whole powder feeding process is controlled to be always above 650 ℃.
Preferably, in step (5), the process parameters of the semi-solid stirring are as follows: the furnace temperature is reduced to 550-570 ℃ to ensure that the aluminum liquid enters a semi-solid state, the melt viscosity is obviously increased, the aluminum liquid is stably stirred at 550r/min in 500-30 minutes.
Preferably, in step (7), the process parameters of the T6 heat treatment are as follows: solid solution is carried out at 520 +/-10 ℃, water quenching is carried out at 60-100 ℃, aging is carried out at 180 +/-10 ℃, and air cooling is carried out.
The invention designs and prepares the matrix alloy with high temperature resistance by analyzing the alloy phase diagram. Analyzing the solid solubility between each element and an Al matrix and a master alloy hard phase possibly formed among the elements by researching various binary alloy phase diagrams such as Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Ni and the like and various ternary alloy phase diagrams such as Al-Si-Cu, Al-Cu-Ni, Al-Cu-Mg and the like; and designing a proper heat treatment temperature interval according to the temperature interval of the single-phase region of the phase diagram, obtaining a multi-element supersaturated solid solution after water cooling, and precipitating a master alloy hard phase in a matrix through aging heat treatment. The aluminum base is added with elements of silicon, copper, nickel, magnesium, manganese, zinc and titanium, so that the casting performance of the base alloy can be improved, and the types and volume fractions of high-temperature resistant phases precipitated after aging heat treatment can be increased, thereby improving the hardness and wear resistance of the material at high temperature.
According to the invention, the high temperature resistance of the composite material is further improved by adding the SiC reinforcing phase. Before adding the SiC powder, the SiC powder is cleaned and oxidized at high temperature, so that the wettability between the SiC powder and a matrix is improved, the dispersibility of the SiC powder is improved, and the overall performance of the material is improved; meanwhile, in the process of adding the SiC powder by stirring, a semi-solid state stirring process is used, and the dispersibility of the SiC powder is also improved, so that the overall performance of the material is improved, the agglomeration of the SiC powder is further avoided, and the aluminum alloy composite material with the reinforcing phase dispersed uniformly and high-temperature wear resistance is finally obtained.
According to the invention, the matrix alloy with high temperature resistance is prepared under an open system, slag removal and refining are carried out, and the SiC particles subjected to surface treatment are stirred and added into the matrix alloy by using the vacuum smelting furnace, so that the smelting difficulty is reduced by using step smelting, the complexity of the smelting operation in the vacuum furnace in the prior art is reduced, the impurities in the matrix alloy are reduced, the problem that the matrix alloy cannot be refined and slag removed because the vacuum furnace smelting is carried out in a closed system in the prior art is avoided, and simultaneously, the bubble inclusion when the reinforcing phase is stirred and added is also avoided; meanwhile, the invention can be used for production by using a casting method, the high-temperature hardness of the obtained composite material is effectively improved, the surface micro-arc oxidation treatment is not needed, the process is simple and convenient, and the production cost is low. Therefore, the invention uses simplified smelting conditions to prepare the high-temperature wear-resistant aluminum alloy composite material with excellent particle dispersibility, high-temperature resistance of the matrix and few pores.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the content of Si element close to the eutectic point in the matrix alloy ensures that the overall casting performance of the material is good; cu, Mg and Ni elements can form a stable second phase with low diffusion rate in the aluminum alloy, and can play a role in strengthening under the high-temperature condition; the Ti element can form a second phase with thermal stability and also can refine the aluminum alloy structure to play a role in strengthening the matrix material. The invention is suitable for manufacturing the automobile aluminum alloy brake disc, and compared with the existing automobile brake disc material, the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple process, no need of surface micro-arc oxidation treatment, low production cost and greatly improved high-temperature wear resistance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a field emission scanning electron microscope (observed in a backscattered electron mode) photograph of the SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high-temperature wear resistance provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high temperature wear resistance and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent in conjunction with the following description.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention have better practicability, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. The technical features or combinations of technical features described in the embodiments of the present invention should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve a better technical effect. The scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention may also include additional implementations, and this should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It is to be understood that the terms used in the present invention should be interpreted broadly, and the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be specifically understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specifically defined or limited.
The drawings of the present invention are in simplified form and are not to scale, but rather are provided for the purpose of facilitating and clearly illustrating embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in which the invention may be practiced. Any modification of the structure, change of the ratio or adjustment of the size of the structure should fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the effect and the purpose of the present disclosure. And the same reference numbers appearing in the various drawings of the invention identify the same features or elements, which may be used in different embodiments.
Example 1
A SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance is disclosed, wherein a matrix alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of Si, 4.0% of Cu, 1.0% of Ni, 0.5% of Mg, 0.05% of Mn, 0.05% of Zn, 0.05% of Ti0.05% of Ti and the balance of Al, wherein the volume fraction of SiC particles is 20%. Wherein the SiC particles are micron particles with the particle size of 13 mu m and are irregular in shape. The SiC particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy and do not have interface reaction.
The preparation method of the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) melting: adding industrial pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, metal magnesium, aluminum-nickel alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy into a smelting furnace according to the set weight ratio of the alloy components. Heating to 700 deg.C to melt all metals into liquid, and keeping the temperature at 700 deg.C for 10 min.
(2) Removing slag, adding aluminum refining agent, keeping the temperature at 680 deg.C for 10min, skimming, and standing for 5 min.
(3) Preheating the casting mould to 250 ℃, and casting the refined metal solution into a matrix alloy casting blank at the casting temperature of 710 ℃.
(4) Remelting the matrix alloy at 700 ℃ in a vacuum melting furnace, and stirring and adding 20 mass percent of micron-sized SiC particles.
(5) After the charging is finished, the furnace temperature is reduced to 562 ℃ for semi-solid stirring, and the stirring is stabilized for 20 minutes.
(6) Preheating a casting mold to 250 ℃, and casting the SiC-containing metal solution into a casting blank of the high-temperature resistant SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the casting temperature is 710 ℃.
(7) The cast ingot was subjected to a T6 heat treatment.
In the embodiment, the SiC reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high-temperature wear resistance is obtained according to the proportion, and the matrix alloy comprises the following chemical components: 12 parts of silicon, 4 parts of copper, 1 part of nickel, 0.5 part of magnesium, 0.05 part of manganese, 0.05 part of zinc, 0.05 part of titanium and the balance of aluminum; and contains 20% vol SiC particulate reinforcement. As shown in fig. 1, SiC particles are uniformly dispersed in an aluminum matrix and distributed with a plurality of precipitation phases. Furthermore, the composite material is subjected to counter-grinding with GCr15 steel at 400 ℃ and 5MPa, the friction coefficient range is 0.47-0.53, and the average friction coefficient is 0.51. Compared with the friction coefficient range of 0.65-0.70 at normal temperature, the friction coefficient is reduced by about 26 percent.
Example 2
A SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance is disclosed, wherein a matrix alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12.5 percent of Si, 3.5 percent of Cu, 1.0 percent of Ni, 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.05 percent of Mn, 0.05 percent of Zn, 0.05 percent of Ti0.05 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al, wherein the volume fraction of SiC particles is 25 percent. Wherein the SiC particles are micron particles with the particle size of 13 mu m and are irregular in shape. The SiC particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy and do not have interface reaction.
The preparation method of the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) melting: adding industrial pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, metal magnesium, aluminum-nickel alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy into a smelting furnace according to the set weight ratio of the alloy components. Heating to 700 deg.C to melt all metals into liquid, and keeping the temperature at 700 deg.C for 10 min.
(2) Removing slag, adding aluminum refining agent, keeping the temperature at 680 deg.C for 10min, skimming, and standing for 5 min.
(3) Preheating the casting mould to 250 ℃, and casting the refined metal solution into a matrix alloy casting blank at the casting temperature of 710 ℃.
(4) Remelting the matrix alloy at 700 ℃ in a vacuum melting furnace, and stirring and adding 25 mass percent of micron-sized SiC particles.
(5) After the charging is finished, the furnace temperature is reduced to 560 ℃ for semi-solid stirring, and the stirring is stabilized for 30 minutes.
(6) Preheating a casting mold to 250 ℃, and casting the SiC-containing metal solution into a casting blank of the high-temperature resistant SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the casting temperature is 710 ℃.
(7) The cast ingot was subjected to a T6 heat treatment.
In the embodiment, the SiC reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high temperature wear resistance is obtained according to the above mixture ratio, and the matrix alloy comprises the following chemical components: 12.5 parts of silicon, 3.5 parts of copper, 1 part of nickel, 0.5 part of magnesium, 0.05 part of manganese, 0.05 part of zinc, 0.05 part of titanium and the balance of aluminum; and contains 25% vol SiC particulate reinforcement. The composite material is subjected to counter-grinding with GCr15 steel at 400 ℃ and 5MPa, the friction coefficient range is 0.49-0.57, and the average friction coefficient is 0.54.
Example 3
A SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance is disclosed, wherein a matrix alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of Si, 4.2% of Cu, 1.5% of Ni, 0.7% of Mg, 0.05% of Mn, 0.05% of Zn, 0.05% of Ti0.05% of Ti and the balance of Al, wherein the volume fraction of SiC particles is 25%. Wherein the SiC particles are micron particles with the particle size of 13 mu m and are irregular in shape. The SiC particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy and do not have interface reaction.
The preparation method of the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high-temperature wear resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) melting: adding industrial pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, metal magnesium, aluminum-nickel alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy into a smelting furnace according to the set weight ratio of the alloy components. Heating to 750 deg.C to melt all metals into liquid, and keeping the temperature at 750 deg.C for 10 min.
(2) Removing slag, adding aluminum refining agent, keeping temperature at 700 deg.C for 10min, skimming, and standing for 5 min.
(3) Preheating the casting mould to 250 ℃, and casting the refined metal solution into a matrix alloy casting blank at the casting temperature of 710 ℃.
(4) Remelting the matrix alloy at 750 ℃ in a vacuum melting furnace, and stirring and adding 25 mass percent of micron-sized SiC particles.
(5) And after the feeding is finished, reducing the furnace temperature to 558 ℃ for semi-solid stirring, and stably stirring for 30 minutes.
(6) Preheating a casting mold to 250 ℃, and pouring the SiC-containing metal solution into a high-temperature resistant SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite casting blank at the temperature of 730 ℃.
(7) The cast ingot was subjected to a T6 heat treatment.
In the embodiment, the SiC reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high temperature wear resistance is obtained according to the above mixture ratio, and the matrix alloy comprises the following chemical components: 12 parts of silicon, 4.2 parts of copper, 1.5 parts of nickel, 0.7 part of magnesium, 0.05 part of manganese, 0.05 part of zinc, 0.05 part of titanium and the balance of aluminum; and contains 25% vol SiC particulate reinforcement. The composite material is subjected to counter-grinding with GCr15 steel at 400 ℃ and 5MPa, the friction coefficient range is 0.44-0.52, and the average friction coefficient is 0.48.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure should be considered as equivalent effective embodiments, and all the changes or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high temperature wear resistance is characterized in that,
consists of a matrix alloy and a reinforcing phase;
the matrix alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12-13% of Si, 3.5-4.2% of Cu, 0.5-0.7% of Mg, 1.0-1.5% of Ni, 0.05-0.3% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Zn, 0.05-0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al;
the reinforcing phase is micron-sized SiC particles with the volume percentage of 15-25 percent;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) melting: adding industrial pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, metal magnesium, aluminum-nickel alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy according to the mass percentage of each metal element component in the set matrix alloy in a smelting furnace, heating to 700-800 ℃, melting all the alloys into liquid, and preserving heat for 5-15min at the temperature of 700-800 ℃ to obtain metal solution;
(2) removing slag from the metal solution obtained in the step (1), adding an aluminum refining agent, keeping the temperature at 650-750 ℃ for 10-20min, skimming, and standing for 5-10min after skimming to obtain a refined metal solution;
(3) preheating the casting mold to 250 +/-10 ℃, and pouring the refined metal solution obtained in the step (2) into a matrix alloy casting blank at the casting temperature of 700-750 ℃;
(4) remelting the base alloy casting blank obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 700-;
(5) after the feeding is finished, reducing the furnace temperature to 550-570 ℃ for semi-solid stirring, and stably stirring for 20-25 minutes to obtain a refined metal solution containing SiC particles;
(6) preheating the casting mold to 250 +/-10 ℃, and pouring the refined metal solution containing the SiC particles obtained in the step (5) into a casting blank of the high-temperature resistant SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃;
(7) the cast ingot was subjected to a T6 heat treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the aluminum-silicon alloy is Al-20% Si intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper alloy is Al-50% intermediate alloy, the aluminum-nickel alloy is Al-10% Ni intermediate alloy, the aluminum-zinc alloy is Al-10% Zn intermediate alloy, the aluminum-manganese alloy is Al-10% Mn intermediate alloy, and the aluminum-titanium-boron alloy is Al-5% Ti-1% B intermediate alloy.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), hexachloroethane is adopted as the aluminum refining agent, and the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.5-1.0% of the total weight of the base alloy.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the micron-sized SiC particles are SiC particles sieved by a 1000-mesh sieve, and are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, drying, high-temperature oxidation and sieving treatment before use.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the technological parameters of adding the micron-sized SiC particles under vacuum stirring are as follows: stirring the melt at 400r/min in 350-; the stirring speed is gradually increased to 500-550r/min in the feeding process until the feeding is ended, and the temperature in the whole powder feeding process is controlled to be always above 650 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the technological parameters of the semi-solid state stirring are as follows: the furnace temperature is reduced to 550-570 ℃ to ensure that the aluminum liquid enters a semi-solid state, the melt viscosity is obviously increased, the aluminum liquid is stably stirred at 550r/min in 500-30 minutes.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (7), the process parameters of the T6 heat treatment are as follows: solid solution is carried out at 520 +/-10 ℃, water quenching is carried out at 60-100 ℃, aging is carried out at 180 +/-10 ℃, and air cooling is carried out.
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