CN109020746A - A kind of agricultural wastes are converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer - Google Patents

A kind of agricultural wastes are converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109020746A
CN109020746A CN201710430540.7A CN201710430540A CN109020746A CN 109020746 A CN109020746 A CN 109020746A CN 201710430540 A CN201710430540 A CN 201710430540A CN 109020746 A CN109020746 A CN 109020746A
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fermentation
waste
organic fertilizer
agricultural wastes
flora
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CN201710430540.7A
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杨辉
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the preparation methods that a kind of agricultural wastes are converted into organic fertilizer, the raw material sources for preparing the use of organic fertilizer using agricultural wastes are extensive, it is cheap, and during the preparation process can high temperature kill pathogen and worm's ovum etc., during the fermentation, using respiratory membrane and fluid film covering fermentation, secondary pollution will not be generated, and can guarantee the high activity of microorganism needed for fermentation；And various profitable strains are added, a large amount of organic nutrition element and organic matter can be supplemented, soil texture can be also improved, alleviates soil pollution caused by chemical fertilizer abuse, while also can be reduced pest and disease damage.And organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention is conducive to plant absorption, is harmful to human health, and has very big application prospect.

Description

A kind of agricultural wastes are converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation methods that a kind of agricultural wastes are converted into organic fertilizer.
Background technique
Agricultural wastes are the wastes that agricultural production, processing of farm products, livestock and poultry breeding industry and rural resident's life are discharged General name.Agricultural wastes are also referred to as agricultural waste, mainly include that plant fibrous waste and feces of livestock and poultry two are big by its ingredient Class is the difference of resource input and output matter and energy in agricultural production and reproduction chain link, is output in the utilization of resources Matter energy is lost share.
Type animal farm and in a manner of drylot feeding the place of extensive raise poultry domestic animal all discharge a large amount of excrement and corral, The wall to wall of pouity dwelling place, if noticing that farming and animal husbandry combines, so that it may the organic fertilizer resource important as one；If untreated be discharged into ring Border just pollutes the environment.Untreated excrement is discharged into rivers and lakes, water quality can be made dirty, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (BOD) load increases Add, forms anaerobism corruption or eutrophication, threaten the existence of fish, shellfish and algae；Also disease can be infected, resident is influenced Health.If serious pollution of the irrigation water by agricultural wastes, ammonia nitrogen in water and protein nitrogen content can be made excessively high, thus Cause rice excessive growth, lodging, late-maturing or not yet done；Furthermore, it is also possible to make have excessive nitrate in underground aquifers, or make week Multiply a large amount of flies and other pests in collarette border.
Currently, it is excessive present on China's agricultural production and cannot rationally, in due course, suiting the medicine to the illness uses chemical fertilizer, fertilizer benefit It is not high with rate, a series of problems, such as soil hardening, acidification, environmental pollution and the ecological balance are destroyed is brought, country has been caused Great attention.Therefore, chemical fertilizer substitute technology and Related product research and development are greatly developed, chemical fertilizer is promoted efficiently to utilize gesture must Row.
And the harvested stalk of current crops, it is generally all taken as waste, mostly based on on-site incineration, pollutes atmosphere Environment influences communications and transportation.Later, the various resource utilization modes of stalk were continued to bring out, but effect is all not fully up to expectations. For example, being turned on the spot to rice straw coarse crushing when harvesting into field, but often do not rot also after half a year, it is raw to influence crop It is long；So it is just urgent for concentrating the technology of production organic fertilizer using stalk.
Summary of the invention
Place in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provide a kind of utilization agriculture waste of simple process and low cost Object is converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of agricultural wastes are converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer, which comprises the steps of:
(1) by agricultural wastes crop material, feces of livestock and poultry, vegetables residuum, edible fungi leftovers, weeds, trees deadwood Rotten leaf smashes；High-temperature sterilization room is subsequently placed in sterilize under 120~130 DEG C of high temperature 6~8h；
(2) C/Hratio that rice bran adjusts waste is added into the waste that sterilization treatment is crossed, is subsequently placed in and passes through industry control Machine control temperature adjustment, damping, adjust air quantity open type air feed system in, by way of steam injection on waste spray water with Adjust the humidity of waste；The addition rice bran adjusts C/Hratio and refers to that adjusting C/Hratio is 35~38:1；The adjusting Waste humidity refer to air and aqua sterilisa are uniformly sprayed by way of steam injection under conditions of high pressure it is discarded The water content that waste is adjusted on object is 70~80%；
(3) temperature of waste is adjusted to 60~65 DEG C, auxiliary material mixing needed for microorganism and fermentation is then added is equal It is even to be placed in fermentation vat, then surface fermentation is sequentially coated on 6~8 days with respiratory membrane and fluid film；The microorganism is added Amount is the 0.5% of total material quality, is by Pseudomonas geniculate, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic Bacillus, aspergillus niger by 6:4:3:1 The flora that mixes of mass ratio；Auxiliary material needed for fermentation accounts for the 21-24% of total material quality, is by turf, vermiculite power, vegetation Ash is mixed by the mass ratio of 4:3:1；The respiratory membrane refers to be gathered by the polycaprolactam or high density of tough and tensile puncture-resistant Milky film made of ethylene seven-layer co-extrusion composite membrane, average thickness have very big permeability less than 1 micron, can be abundant Gas exchange needed for meeting fermentation, and viable bacteria microorganism can be made to keep its high activity for a long time；The fluid film is Refer to the biological protection film formed by composite plant material, plays the role of biological isolation barrier；Object exudation in film is reduced, fermentation is accelerated It carries out；
(4) soil improvement functionality flora is added thereto after fermentation, 6~8h is saved at 24~26 DEG C, then It dries in a vacuum drying oven to water content and is lower than 8%, be then delivered to granulator and organic fertilizer is made；The soil changes It is good functionality flora account for the 2% of total material quality, be by silicate colloid bacillus cereus, azotobacter vinelandii, EM bacterium mixed in equal amounts and At flora.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the raw material sources for the use that the present invention prepares organic fertilizer using agricultural wastes are wide It is general, it is cheap, and during the preparation process can high temperature kill pathogen and worm's ovum etc. utilize respiratory membrane during the fermentation It covers and ferments with fluid film, secondary pollution will not be generated, and can guarantee the high activity of microorganism needed for fermentation；And add Enter various profitable strains, a large amount of organic nutrition element and organic matter can be supplemented, can also improve soil texture, alleviates chemical fertilizer abuse Caused by soil pollution, while also can be reduced pest and disease damage.And organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention is conducive to plant absorption, to human body Health is harmless, there is very big application prospect.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, herein illustrative examples and explanation of the invention For explaining the present invention, but it is not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of agricultural wastes are converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer, include the following steps:
(1) by agricultural wastes crop material, feces of livestock and poultry, vegetables residuum, edible fungi leftovers, weeds, trees deadwood Rotten leaf smashes；High-temperature sterilization room is subsequently placed in sterilize under 120 DEG C of high temperature 6h；
(2) C/Hratio that rice bran adjusts waste is added into the waste that sterilization treatment is crossed, is subsequently placed in and passes through industry control Machine control temperature adjustment, damping, adjust air quantity open type air feed system in, by way of steam injection on waste spray water with Adjust the humidity of waste；The addition rice bran adjusts C/Hratio and refers to that adjusting C/Hratio is 35:1；The adjusting is discarded Object humidity refers to uniformly is sprayed onto air and aqua sterilisa on waste under conditions of high pressure by way of steam injection The water content for adjusting waste is 70%；
(3) temperature of waste is adjusted to 60 DEG C, auxiliary material needed for microorganism and fermentation is then added is after mixing It is placed in fermentation vat, is then sequentially coated on surface fermentation 6 days with respiratory membrane and fluid film；The microorganism additional amount is total material The 0.5% of quality, be by Pseudomonas geniculate, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic Bacillus, aspergillus niger by 6:4:3:1 mass ratio The flora mixed；Auxiliary material needed for fermentation accounts for the 21% of total material quality, is by turf, vermiculite power, plant ash by 4:3:1 What mass ratio mixed；The respiratory membrane refers to the polycaprolactam or high density polyethylene (HDPE) seven-layer co-extrusion by tough and tensile puncture-resistant Milky film made of composite membrane, average thickness have very big permeability, can sufficiently meet needed for fermentation less than 1 micron Gas exchange, and viable bacteria microorganism can be made to keep its high activity for a long time；The fluid film refers to by composite plant The biological protection film that material is formed, plays the role of biological isolation barrier；Object exudation in film is reduced, accelerates fermentation and carries out；
(4) soil improvement functionality flora is added thereto after fermentation, 6h is saved at 24 DEG C, it is then dry in vacuum It dries in dry case to water content and is lower than 8%, be then delivered to granulator and organic fertilizer is made；The soil improvement is functional Flora accounts for the 2% of total material quality, is the flora as made of silicate colloid bacillus cereus, azotobacter vinelandii, EM bacterium mixed in equal amounts.
Embodiment 2
A kind of agricultural wastes are converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer, include the following steps:
(1) by agricultural wastes crop material, feces of livestock and poultry, vegetables residuum, edible fungi leftovers, weeds, trees deadwood Rotten leaf smashes；High-temperature sterilization room is subsequently placed in sterilize under 130 DEG C of high temperature 8h；
(2) C/Hratio that rice bran adjusts waste is added into the waste that sterilization treatment is crossed, is subsequently placed in and passes through industry control Machine control temperature adjustment, damping, adjust air quantity open type air feed system in, by way of steam injection on waste spray water with Adjust the humidity of waste；The addition rice bran adjusts C/Hratio and refers to that adjusting C/Hratio is 38:1；The adjusting is discarded Object humidity refers to uniformly is sprayed onto air and aqua sterilisa on waste under conditions of high pressure by way of steam injection The water content for adjusting waste is 80%；
(3) temperature of waste is adjusted to 65 DEG C, auxiliary material needed for microorganism and fermentation is then added is after mixing It is placed in fermentation vat, is then sequentially coated on surface fermentation 8 days with respiratory membrane and fluid film；The microorganism additional amount is total material The 0.5% of quality, be by Pseudomonas geniculate, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic Bacillus, aspergillus niger by 6:4:3:1 mass ratio The flora mixed；Auxiliary material needed for fermentation accounts for the 24% of total material quality, is by turf, vermiculite power, plant ash by 4:3:1 What mass ratio mixed；The respiratory membrane refers to the polycaprolactam or high density polyethylene (HDPE) seven-layer co-extrusion by tough and tensile puncture-resistant Milky film made of composite membrane, average thickness have very big permeability, can sufficiently meet needed for fermentation less than 1 micron Gas exchange, and viable bacteria microorganism can be made to keep its high activity for a long time；The fluid film refers to by composite plant The biological protection film that material is formed, plays the role of biological isolation barrier；Object exudation in film is reduced, accelerates fermentation and carries out；
(4) soil improvement functionality flora is added thereto after fermentation, 8h is saved at 26 DEG C, it is then dry in vacuum It dries in dry case to water content and is lower than 8%, be then delivered to granulator and organic fertilizer is made；The soil improvement is functional Flora accounts for the 2% of total material quality, is the flora as made of silicate colloid bacillus cereus, azotobacter vinelandii, EM bacterium mixed in equal amounts.
Embodiment 3
A kind of agricultural wastes are converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer, include the following steps:
(1) by agricultural wastes crop material, feces of livestock and poultry, vegetables residuum, edible fungi leftovers, weeds, trees deadwood Rotten leaf smashes；High-temperature sterilization room is subsequently placed in sterilize under 125 DEG C of high temperature 7h；
(2) C/Hratio that rice bran adjusts waste is added into the waste that sterilization treatment is crossed, is subsequently placed in and passes through industry control Machine control temperature adjustment, damping, adjust air quantity open type air feed system in, by way of steam injection on waste spray water with Adjust the humidity of waste；The addition rice bran adjusts C/Hratio and refers to that adjusting C/Hratio is 37:1；The adjusting is discarded Object humidity refers to uniformly is sprayed onto air and aqua sterilisa on waste under conditions of high pressure by way of steam injection The water content for adjusting waste is 75%；
(3) temperature of waste is adjusted to 63 DEG C, auxiliary material needed for microorganism and fermentation is then added is after mixing It is placed in fermentation vat, is then sequentially coated on surface fermentation 7 days with respiratory membrane and fluid film；The microorganism additional amount is total material The 0.5% of quality, be by Pseudomonas geniculate, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic Bacillus, aspergillus niger by 6:4:3:1 mass ratio The flora mixed；Auxiliary material needed for fermentation accounts for the 23% of total material quality, is by turf, vermiculite power, plant ash by 4:3:1 What mass ratio mixed；The respiratory membrane refers to the polycaprolactam or high density polyethylene (HDPE) seven-layer co-extrusion by tough and tensile puncture-resistant Milky film made of composite membrane, average thickness have very big permeability, can sufficiently meet needed for fermentation less than 1 micron Gas exchange, and viable bacteria microorganism can be made to keep its high activity for a long time；The fluid film refers to by composite plant The biological protection film that material is formed, plays the role of biological isolation barrier；Object exudation in film is reduced, accelerates fermentation and carries out；
(4) soil improvement functionality flora is added thereto after fermentation, 7h is saved at 25 DEG C, it is then dry in vacuum It dries in dry case to water content and is lower than 8%, be then delivered to granulator and organic fertilizer is made；The soil improvement is functional Flora accounts for the 2% of total material quality, is the flora as made of silicate colloid bacillus cereus, azotobacter vinelandii, EM bacterium mixed in equal amounts.

Claims (1)

1. the preparation method that a kind of agricultural wastes are converted into organic fertilizer, which comprises the steps of:
(1) by agricultural wastes crop material, feces of livestock and poultry, vegetables residuum, edible fungi leftovers, weeds, trees deadwood and rotten leaf It smashes；High-temperature sterilization room is subsequently placed in sterilize under 120~130 DEG C of high temperature 6~8h；
(2) C/Hratio that rice bran adjusts waste is added into the waste that sterilization treatment is crossed, is subsequently placed in through industrial personal computer control The temperature adjustment of system, is adjusted in the open type air feed system of air quantity at damping, by way of steam injection on waste spray water to adjust The humidity of waste；The addition rice bran adjusts C/Hratio and refers to that adjusting C/Hratio is 35~38:1；The adjusting is discarded Object humidity refers to uniformly is sprayed onto air and aqua sterilisa on waste under conditions of high pressure by way of steam injection The water content for adjusting waste is 70~80%；
(3) temperature of waste is adjusted to 60~65 DEG C, auxiliary material needed for microorganism and fermentation is then added is after mixing It is placed in fermentation vat, is then sequentially coated on surface fermentation 6~8 days with respiratory membrane and fluid film；The microorganism additional amount is The 0.5% of total material quality, be by Pseudomonas geniculate, bacillus megaterium, thermophilic Bacillus, aspergillus niger by 6:4:3:1 matter The flora that amount ratio mixes；Auxiliary material needed for fermentation accounts for the 21-24% of total material quality, be by turf, vermiculite power, plant ash by What the mass ratio of 4:3:1 mixed；The respiratory membrane refers to the polycaprolactam or high density polyethylene (HDPE) by tough and tensile puncture-resistant Milky film made of seven-layer co-extrusion composite membrane, average thickness have very big permeability, can sufficiently meet less than 1 micron Gas exchange needed for fermentation, and viable bacteria microorganism can be made to keep its high activity for a long time；The fluid film refer to by The biological protection film that composite plant material is formed, plays the role of biological isolation barrier；Reduce film in object exudation, quickening ferment into Row；
(4) soil improvement functionality flora is added thereto after fermentation, 6~8h is saved at 24~26 DEG C, then true It dries in empty drying box to water content and is lower than 8%, be then delivered to granulator and organic fertilizer is made；The soil improvement function Energy property flora accounts for the 2% of total material quality, is as made of silicate colloid bacillus cereus, azotobacter vinelandii, EM bacterium mixed in equal amounts Flora.
CN201710430540.7A 2017-06-09 2017-06-09 A kind of agricultural wastes are converted into the preparation method of organic fertilizer Withdrawn CN109020746A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111995444A (en) * 2020-08-17 2020-11-27 佛山市新城园林绿化工程有限公司 Method for processing and utilizing garden waste

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111995444A (en) * 2020-08-17 2020-11-27 佛山市新城园林绿化工程有限公司 Method for processing and utilizing garden waste

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