CN109020573B - Preparation method for toughening and shaping carbon-containing refractory material by using steel fibers - Google Patents
Preparation method for toughening and shaping carbon-containing refractory material by using steel fibers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of carbon-containing refractory material toughened and shaped by steel fibers, which has the advantages of low cost, simple process, long service life, high toughness, good cold and hot cycle resistance and good corrosion resistance. The invention introduces steel fiber into the shaped carbon-containing refractory material, skillfully adjusts the mixing process and the forming process of the carbon-containing refractory material, optimizes the addition amount, the length-diameter ratio, the introduction mode, the orientation distribution and the like of the fiber, and simultaneously utilizes the particularity that the carbon-containing refractory material is in a reducing atmosphere at high temperature, thereby playing a good protection role on the steel fiber, leading the steel fiber not to be oxidized at the service temperature and still existing in a metallic state, and further playing a better role in toughening and reinforcing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbon-containing refractory material, in particular to a preparation method for toughening a carbon-containing refractory material by adding steel fibers by utilizing the protection of a carbon-containing product in a reducing atmosphere environment at a high temperature on metal materials such as steel fibers.
Background
The shaped carbon-containing refractory material is one of the major refractory materials, and is mainly characterized by containing crystalline flake graphite in a certain mass ratio (5-20%), usually adopting phenolic resin as a bonding agent, and being prepared by a press forming process, and only needing low-temperature baking and no need of high-temperature baking. The material is the main constituent of the refractory material for iron-making and steel-making systems.
According to the material, the carbon-containing refractory material can be divided into the following materials:
(1) aluminum silicon carbide carbon (Al)2O3-SiC-C), the main raw materials are corundum, alumina, silicon carbide and graphite. The high-temperature liner is mainly applied to high-temperature containers of iron-making systems, such as ladles, torpedo pots and other working liners.
(2) Magnesia carbon (MgO-C) and the main raw materials are magnesia, graphite, and antioxidants such as aluminum powder, silicon carbide powder, boron carbide and the like. The high-temperature liner is mainly applied to high-temperature containers of steel-making systems, such as working liners of converters, electric furnaces, steel ladles and the like.
(3) Aluminum magnesium carbon (Al)2O3-MgO-C), magnesium aluminum carbon (MgO-Al)2O3-C), mainlyThe raw materials are corundum, alumina, magnesia and graphite, and a small amount of antioxidant. The method is mainly used for non-slag line parts of the steel ladle of a steel-making system, such as a molten pool, a ladle bottom and the like.
The refractory material is subjected to frequent cold and hot cycles and extremely high temperature gradient (a hot end is in contact with molten steel, a cold end is in contact with the environment, and the internal temperature difference is extremely large) during use, so that the refractory material is often damaged due to overlarge thermal stress. How to improve the toughness is the focus of research on the current shaped refractory materials.
Except for optimization in formulation design, fiber is introduced into the refractory material to achieve toughening, but the fiber is only used for unshaped refractory materials at present, such as steel fiber (generally, standard 446# steel fiber) is introduced into some wear-resistant castable materials and ladle brick cup castable materials, but in shaped refractory products, the addition of metal fiber to toughen the refractory products has high technical difficulty, and no report is found in examples. The most problematic is how to introduce the metal fibers and avoid oxidation. In the preparation process of a part of shaped products, high-temperature sintering is needed, the sintering environment and the using environment are oxidizing atmosphere, and metal materials can be damaged due to oxidation; for unfired shaped articles, metal fibers also face problems of possible oxidation in use and how to introduce in the shaping of the article. The uneven and unreasonable amount of the metal fibers can not only play a toughening role, but also have negative influence on the fire resistance. In addition, on the premise of solving the introduction problem, the metal fiber is oxidized under the high-temperature use environment, and the toughening and reinforcing effects are also lost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a preparation method of a carbon-containing refractory material which is low in cost, simple in process, long in service life, high in toughness, good in cold and hot cycle resistance and good in corrosion resistance and is toughened and shaped by steel fibers.
The preparation method of the carbon-containing refractory material toughened and shaped by the steel fibers comprises the following steps:
step one, a material mixing process; using an edge runner mill to mix materials, wherein the charging sequence is as follows: firstly, adding aggregate → resin → antioxidant → graphite → fine powder, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture, adding steel fiber into the mixture, and manually and gradually screening the mixture into an edge runner mill by adopting a screen at a feed inlet of the edge runner mill when the steel fiber is added; or arranging a steel fiber adding device with a screen and a vibration function on the edge runner mill, and continuously mixing for 2-3min after all the steel fibers fall into the edge runner mill to obtain a mixture containing the steel fibers;
step two, a forming process;
when pouring materials in a mold, firstly, screening a layer of backing material with the thickness of about 1-2 mm at the bottom of the mold by using a screen, wherein the backing material does not contain steel fibers, adding a mixture containing the steel fibers into the mold, flattening, adsorbing the steel fibers exposed on the surface by using a magnet, and then pressing and forming by using a normal brick pressing system;
and step three, baking for 24 hours at about 200 ℃ after forming to obtain the carbon-containing refractory material toughened and shaped by using the steel fibers.
In the first step, the adding amount of the steel fibers is 0.5-2% of the total weight of the brick material, an additional form is adopted, the toughening effect is limited if the adding amount is too small, and the problems that the steel fibers are easy to be locally agglomerated, the high temperature resistance of the material is reduced, the heat conduction of the material is too large and the like exist if the adding amount is too large.
The mixing time of the steel fibers added in the first step cannot be too long and cannot exceed 3min, otherwise, the steel fibers are bent or agglomerated under the rolling action, the dispersion effect is influenced, and the toughening performance is finally influenced.
Wherein the base material does not contain steel fiber in step two to the steel fiber that exposes on the surface is got rid of in the magnet absorption, can avoid having exposed steel fiber on brick body surface or arris like this, influences product appearance, guarantees that steel fiber is whole inside the brick body, is wrapped up by refractory material, more importantly is protected by reducing atmosphere completely, thereby avoids using the oxidation in the use.
Wherein the steel fibers may be:
the material is as follows: stainless steel fibers, such as 304, 310, 330, 430 or 446#, with 446# and 304# being the most common refractory materials.
Shape: the section is circular, and the fiber is straight or straight with corrugation.
With a circular cross-section having minimal negative impact on formation densification.
Wherein the straight corrugated shape enhances the physical engagement of the fibers with the matrix material.
Size: the diameter is 0.2-0.5 mm, the length is 10-20 mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 40-100.
If the steel fiber is too short, the toughening and reinforcing effects generated by using the fiber extraction resistance are limited, and if the steel fiber is too long, the steel fiber is easy to gather and bend in mixing and forming, so that the distribution is not uniform. If the steel fiber is too thick, the material structure is damaged due to excessive thermal expansion, and a slag infiltration channel is easily formed after the fiber is melted at high temperature, so that the damage of the material is aggravated.
By the preparation method of the carbon-containing refractory toughened and shaped by the steel fibers, the obtained shaped carbon-containing refractory material needs to be laid on a flat surface when in use. This is because under the above-mentioned compounding and pressing process, the steel fiber in the brick body will tend to be distributed parallel to the pressed surface, the orientation is perpendicular to the action direction of molten steel on the refractory material, so can play the best toughening effect; therefore, the steel fiber needs to be laid flat, the distribution orientation of the steel fiber is well adjusted and expected in a composite mode, a good toughening effect can be achieved, the fiber orientation of some vertical bricks is parallel to the molten steel erosion direction, the toughening effect is weakened, and the forming surface of the vertical brick needs to be designed.
The invention introduces steel fiber into the shaped carbon-containing refractory material, skillfully adjusts the mixing process and the forming process of the carbon-containing refractory material, optimizes the addition amount, the length-diameter ratio, the introduction mode, the orientation distribution and the like of the fiber, and simultaneously utilizes the particularity that the carbon-containing refractory material is in a reducing atmosphere at high temperature, thereby playing a good protection role on the steel fiber, leading the steel fiber not to be oxidized at the service temperature and still existing in a metallic state, and further playing a better role in toughening and reinforcing.
Detailed Description
The technical result is only to express the embodiment of the invention, the description is more specific and detailed, but not to be understood as the limitation of the patent scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail.
Example 1
Step one, a material mixing process; using an edge runner mill to mix materials, wherein 84 parts by weight of fused magnesia aggregate and fine powder, 14 parts by weight of crystalline flake graphite, 2 parts by weight of antioxidant, and 3 parts by weight of phenolic resin are added, and the adding sequence is as follows: firstly adding aggregate → resin → antioxidant → graphite → fine powder, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture, then adding steel fiber into the mixture, wherein the adding amount of the steel fiber is 1% of the total weight of the brick material, the diameter is 0.3mm, the length is 15mm, and when the steel fiber is added, manually and gradually screening the mixture into a collergang by adopting a screen at a charging opening of the collergang; or arranging a steel fiber adding device with a screen and a vibration function on the edge runner mill, and continuously mixing for 2-3min after all the steel fibers fall into the edge runner mill to obtain a mixture containing the steel fibers;
step two, a forming process;
when pouring materials in a mold, firstly, screening a layer of backing material with the thickness of about 1-2 mm at the bottom of the mold by using a screen, wherein the backing material does not contain steel fibers, adding a mixture containing the steel fibers into the mold, flattening, adsorbing the steel fibers exposed on the surface by using a magnet, and then pressing and forming by using a normal brick pressing system;
and step three, baking for 24 hours at about 200 ℃ after forming to obtain the carbon-containing refractory material toughened and shaped by using the steel fibers.
Example 1 comparison with the original brick performance index:
| MgO-C brick performance | Original brick | After steel fiber is added |
| Bulk Density (g/cm)3） | 3.02 | 3.05 |
| Apparent porosity (%) | 3.42 | 3.46 |
| Normal temperature compressive strength (MPa) | 40 | 45 |
| High-temperature breaking strength (MPa) and 1400 ℃ carbon burying | 8.54 | 9.26 |
| The change rate (%) of the heating permanent line is 1600 ℃ multiplied by 3h for carbon burying | 0.12 | 0.26 |
| Retention rate (%) of residual flexural strength, and air-cooling with carbon buried at 1000 deg.C for 3 times | 36 | 52 |
Example 2
In Al2O3-use in MgO-C bricks;
step one, a material mixing process; mixing materials by using a wheel mill, wherein the weight parts of the fused white corundum aggregate and the fine powder are 80, the weight parts of the fused magnesia aggregate and the fine powder are 9, the weight parts of the crystalline flake graphite is 10, the weight parts of the antioxidant is 1, and the weight parts of the phenolic resin is 3.5, and the feeding sequence is as follows: firstly adding aggregate → resin → antioxidant → graphite → fine powder, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture, then adding steel fiber into the mixture, wherein the adding amount of the steel fiber is 1.5% of the total weight of the brick material, the diameter is 0.3mm, the length is 15mm, and when the steel fiber is added, manually and gradually screening the mixture into a collergang by adopting a screen at a charging opening of the collergang; or arranging a steel fiber adding device with a screen and a vibration function on the edge runner mill, and continuously mixing for 2-3min after all the steel fibers fall into the edge runner mill to obtain a mixture containing the steel fibers;
step two, a forming process;
when pouring materials in a mold, firstly, screening a layer of backing material with the thickness of about 1-2 mm at the bottom of the mold by using a screen, wherein the backing material does not contain steel fibers, adding a mixture containing the steel fibers into the mold, flattening, adsorbing the steel fibers exposed on the surface by using a magnet, and then pressing and forming by using a normal brick pressing system;
and step three, baking for 24 hours at about 200 ℃ after forming to obtain the carbon-containing refractory material toughened and shaped by using the steel fibers.
Example 2 comparison with the original brick performance index:
| Al2O3-MgO-C brick Properties | Original brick | After steel fiber is added |
| Bulk Density (g/cm)3） | 3.13 | 3.17 |
| Apparent porosity (%) | 4.26 | 4.53 |
| Normal temperature compressive strength (MPa) | 53 | 65 |
| High-temperature breaking strength (MPa) and 1400 ℃ carbon burying | 10.05 | 12.32 |
| The change rate (%) of the heating permanent line is 1600 ℃ multiplied by 3h for carbon burying | 0.78 | 0.86 |
| Retention rate (%) of residual flexural strength, and air-cooling with carbon buried at 1000 deg.C for 3 times | 47 | 58 |
Example 3
In Al2O3-SiC-C brick;
step one, a material mixing process; mixing materials by using an edge runner mill, wherein the weight parts of the fused brown fused alumina aggregate and the fine powder are 75, the weight parts of the silicon carbide particles and the fine powder are 15, the weight parts of the crystalline flake graphite are 8, the weight parts of the antioxidant are 2, and the weight parts of the phenolic resin are 4, and the feeding sequence is as follows: firstly adding aggregate → resin → antioxidant → graphite → fine powder, mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture, adding steel fiber into the mixture, wherein the adding amount of the steel fiber is 2% of the total weight of the brick material, the diameter is 0.5mm, the length is 20mm, and when the steel fiber is added, manually and gradually screening the mixture into an edge runner mill by adopting a screen at a charging opening of the edge runner mill; or arranging a steel fiber adding device with a screen and a vibration function on the edge runner mill, and continuously mixing for 2-3min after all the steel fibers fall into the edge runner mill to obtain a mixture containing the steel fibers;
step two, a forming process;
when pouring materials in a mold, firstly, screening a layer of backing material with the thickness of about 1-2 mm at the bottom of the mold by using a screen, wherein the backing material does not contain steel fibers, adding a mixture containing the steel fibers into the mold, flattening, adsorbing the steel fibers exposed on the surface by using a magnet, and then pressing and forming by using a normal brick pressing system;
example 3 comparison with the raw brick performance index:
| Al2O3-SiC-C brick Properties | Original brick | After steel fiber is added |
| Bulk Density (g/cm)3） | 3.20 | 3.22 |
| Apparent porosity (%) | 4.56 | 4.87 |
| Normal temperature compressive strength (MPa) | 58 | 62 |
| High-temperature breaking strength (MPa) and 1400 ℃ carbon burying | 7.63 | 7.89 |
| The change rate (%) of the heating permanent line is 1600 ℃ multiplied by 3h for carbon burying | 0.34 | 0.50 |
| Retention rate (%) of residual flexural strength, and air-cooling with carbon buried at 1000 deg.C for 3 times | 63 | 75 |
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method for toughening and shaping a carbon-containing refractory material by using steel fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, a material mixing process; using an edge runner mill to mix materials, wherein the charging sequence is as follows: firstly adding aggregate → resin → antioxidant → graphite → fine powder, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a mixture, and then adding steel fibers into the mixture, wherein the adding amount of the steel fibers is 0.5-2% of the total weight of the brick material, the shape of the steel fibers is circular in section, the fibers are in a straight shape with corrugations, and the sizes of the steel fibers are as follows: the diameter is 0.2-0.5 mm, the length is 10-20 mm, the length-diameter ratio is 40-100, and when the steel fibers are added, the steel fibers are manually and gradually screened into the edge runner mill by a screen at a feed inlet of the edge runner mill; or arranging a steel fiber adding device with a screen and a vibration function on the edge runner mill, and continuously mixing for 2-3min after all the steel fibers fall into the edge runner mill to obtain a mixture containing the steel fibers; step two, a forming process; when pouring materials in a mold, firstly, screening a layer of backing materials with the thickness of 1-2 mm at the bottom of the mold by using a screen, wherein the backing materials do not contain steel fibers, adding a mixture containing the steel fibers into the mold, flattening, adsorbing the steel fibers exposed on the surface by using a magnet, and then pressing and forming by using a normal brick pressing system; step three, baking for 24 hours at 200 ℃ after forming to obtain the carbon-containing refractory material toughened and shaped by using the steel fibers; the resulting shaped carbonaceous refractory material, when in use, is laid flat.
2. The method for preparing the carbon-containing refractory material toughened and shaped by the steel fibers according to the claim 1, is characterized in that: the steel fiber is: stainless steel fiber, 304, 310, 330, 430 or 446 #.
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