CN109019556B - Preparation method of carbon material loaded with metal oxide and obtained carbon material - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbon material loaded with metal oxide and obtained carbon material Download PDF

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CN109019556B
CN109019556B CN201810890018.1A CN201810890018A CN109019556B CN 109019556 B CN109019556 B CN 109019556B CN 201810890018 A CN201810890018 A CN 201810890018A CN 109019556 B CN109019556 B CN 109019556B
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metal oxide
carbon material
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nitrate
metal
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CN109019556A (en
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杨旺
候利强
李永峰
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Jiangsu Huayonene Technology Co ltd
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F5/00Compounds of magnesium
    • C01F5/02Magnesia
    • C01F5/06Magnesia by thermal decomposition of magnesium compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G3/00Compounds of copper
    • C01G3/02Oxides; Hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G49/00Compounds of iron
    • C01G49/02Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C01G49/06Ferric oxide (Fe2O3)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/04Oxides; Hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/40Cobaltates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/04Oxides; Hydroxides

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide and the obtained carbon material, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing graphitized carbon nitride and a metal salt aqueous solution, and drying; (2) and (2) calcining the product obtained after drying in the step (1) to obtain the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide. The invention also provides a carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained by the preparation method. The method takes graphitized carbon nitride as a template, realizes uniform loading of metal oxide on the surface of carbon under a low-temperature condition, and the loaded metal oxide particles are uniform and small in size, thereby avoiding the defect that the existing high-temperature preparation method is easy to cause metal particle agglomeration; and the graphitized carbon nitride is denitrified at low temperature to form the conductive carbon material, and the metal oxide is more tightly riveted on the surface of the carbon material, so that the problem that metal particles of a metal oxide and carbon material composite are easy to fall off in the preparation of other existing methods is solved.

Description

Preparation method of carbon material loaded with metal oxide and obtained carbon material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide and the obtained carbon material, belonging to the technical field of carbon materials.
Background
The composite of the metal oxide and the carbon material is widely concerned due to the unique physical and chemical properties, and the composite is widely applied to the energy storage fields of lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries and the like and the catalysis fields of HER, OER, ORR and the like, but the simple and convenient batch preparation is still one of the bottleneck problems which troubles the wide application of the composite of the metal oxide and the carbon material. Many methods for preparing a complex of a metal oxide and a carbon material have been reported by scientists, and the methods generally include a hydrothermal method, a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method, a chemical synthesis method, a mechanical ball milling method, and the like, but most of them are complicated in preparation process, expensive, and severely limited by the structure of the material itself.
Therefore, it has become an urgent technical problem in the art to provide a method for simply and mass-producing a carbon material loaded with a metal oxide.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-described drawbacks and disadvantages, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a metal oxide-supported carbon material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a metal oxide-supported carbon material produced by the method for producing a metal oxide-supported carbon material.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a carbon material loaded with a metal oxide, wherein the method comprises:
(1) uniformly mixing graphitized carbon nitride and a metal salt aqueous solution, and drying;
(2) and (2) calcining the product obtained after drying in the step (1) to obtain the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for producing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, the mass ratio of the graphitized carbon nitride to the metal nitrate in step (1) is 1:1 to 10.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for producing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, the metal salt in step (1) includes a metal nitrate.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for preparing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, the metal nitrate in step (1) includes one or a combination of several of iron nitrate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc nitrate, magnesium nitrate, aluminum nitrate, or copper nitrate.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for producing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, the drying temperature in step (1) is 70 to 100 ℃ for 10 to 12 hours.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for preparing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, the temperature of the calcination in the step (2) is 200-700 ℃ for 10-120 min.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for producing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, the temperature of the calcination in the step (2) is 300-400 ℃.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for preparing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, during calcination, a metal oxide is generated at a temperature of less than 290 ℃, and when the temperature is 290-700 ℃, the metal oxide catalyzes nitrogen atoms to form the metal oxide-supported carbon material.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for preparing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, the metal salt is decomposed to produce a metal oxide (temperature before 290 ℃), and the temperature is in the range of g-C3N4A dense layer of the metal oxide is loaded on the metal oxide and g-C3N4With more contact sites, the metal oxide will then catalyze the nitrogen atoms bound to it and from g-C with increasing temperature (290-3N4The skeleton falls off, and a carbon material is formed.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for producing a metal oxide-supported carbon material according to the present invention, the graphitized carbon nitride (g-C)3N4) Can be prepared by the conventional method in the field.
On the other hand, the invention also provides the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide, which is prepared by the preparation method of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide, wherein the metal oxide is uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, the size of the metal oxide is uniform, the particle size of the metal oxide is 2-10nm, and the content of the metal oxide is 60-90% of the total weight of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide, which is 100%.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the metal oxide-supported carbon material, the content of the metal oxide is 70% to 90% based on 100% by weight of the total weight of the metal oxide-supported carbon material.
The preparation method of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide provided by the invention takes graphitized carbon nitride as a template, the uniform loading of the metal oxide on the surface of the carbon is realized under the low-temperature condition, and the loaded metal oxide particles are uniform and small in size, so that the defect that the existing high-temperature preparation method is easy to cause metal particle agglomeration is avoided; and the graphitized carbon nitride is denitrified at low temperature to form the conductive carbon material, and the metal oxide is more tightly riveted on the surface of the carbon material, so that the problem that metal particles of a metal oxide and carbon material composite are easy to fall off in the preparation of other existing methods is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1A is a scanning electron micrograph (20.0 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 1B is a scanning electron micrograph (1.00 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2A is a scanning electron micrograph (40.0 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2B is a scanning electron micrograph (5.00 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a scanning electron micrograph (20.0 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3B is a scanning electron micrograph (2.00 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a scanning electron micrograph (20.0 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 4B is a scanning electron micrograph (2.00 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph (5.00 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6A is a scanning electron micrograph (10.0 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 6B is a scanning electron micrograph (1.00 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 7A is a scanning electron micrograph (10.0 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 7B is a scanning electron micrograph (1.00 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 8A is a scanning electron micrograph (10.0 μm) of a metal oxide-loaded carbon material provided in example 8 of the present invention;
fig. 8B is a scanning electron micrograph (1.00 μm) of the metal oxide-supported carbon material provided in example 8 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 15g of urea in a ceramic crucible, placing the ceramic crucible in a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 4h to obtain a light yellow solid, namely g-C with a porous structure3N4
(2) Weighing 5g of g-C obtained in step (1)3N4Adding the mixture into 300mL of aqueous solution containing 14.5g of nickel nitrate and 29g of cobalt nitrate, drying, and transferring the dried mixture into a crucible;
(3) placing the crucible filled with the raw materials in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, keeping the crucible at a set temperature of 310 ℃ for 10min, and then naturally coolingCooling to normal temperature to obtain 12g of carbon material loaded with metal oxide, wherein the total weight of the carbon material loaded with metal oxide is 100%, the content of the metal oxide is 70%, and the carbon material is marked as NiCo2O4C; without any subsequent processing.
Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed on the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, and the electron microscope images are shown in fig. 1A and fig. 1B, respectively, as can be seen from fig. 1A and fig. 1B; in the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, the dense metal oxide was uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material to form a structure similar to durian skin, and the metal oxide had a uniform size and a particle diameter of 5 to 10 nm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 15g of urea in a ceramic crucible, placing the ceramic crucible in a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 4h to obtain a light yellow solid, namely g-C with a porous structure3N4
(2) Weighing 5g of g-C obtained in step (1)3N4Adding the mixture into 300mL of aqueous solution containing 29g of cobalt nitrate, drying, and transferring the dried mixture into a crucible;
(3) placing the crucible filled with the raw materials in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, keeping the crucible at a set temperature of 350 ℃ for 10min, and then naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain 8g of a product, namely the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide, wherein the content of the metal oxide is 60% by taking the total weight of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide as 100%, and the content is marked as Co3O4C; without any subsequent processing.
Scanning electron microscope analysis is performed on the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, and electron microscope images thereof are respectively shown in fig. 2A and fig. 2B, as can be seen from fig. 2A and fig. 2B; in the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, the dense metal oxide was uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, and the metal oxide was uniform in size and had a particle diameter of 3 to 8 nm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 15g of urea in a ceramic crucible, placing the ceramic crucible in a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 4h to obtain a light yellow solid, namely g-C with a porous structure3N4
(2) Weighing 5g of g-C obtained in step (1)3N4Adding the mixture into 300mL of aqueous solution containing 20g of ferric nitrate, drying, and transferring the dried mixture into a crucible;
(3) placing the crucible filled with the raw materials in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, keeping the crucible at a set temperature of 310 ℃ for 10min, and then naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain 8g of a product, namely the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide, wherein the content of the metal oxide is 80% by taking the total weight of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide as 100%, and the content is marked as Fe3O4C; without any subsequent processing.
Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed on the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, and the electron microscope images are shown in fig. 3A and 3B, respectively, as can be seen from fig. 3A and 3B; in the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, the dense metal oxide was uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, and the metal oxide was uniform in size and had a particle diameter of 3 to 8 nm.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 15g of urea in a ceramic crucible, placing the ceramic crucible in a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 4h to obtain a light yellow solid, namely g-C with a porous structure3N4
(2) Weighing 5g of g-C obtained in step (1)3N4Adding the nickel nitrate into an aqueous solution containing 14.5g of nickel nitrate, drying, and transferring the dried nickel nitrate into a crucible;
(3) placing the crucible filled with the raw materials in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, keeping the crucible at a set temperature of 300 ℃ for 10min, and then naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain 7g of a product, namely a carbon material loaded with metal oxides, wherein the content of the metal oxides is 60% by taking the total weight of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxides as 100%, and the NiO/C is recorded; without any subsequent processing.
Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed on the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, and the electron microscope images are shown in fig. 4A and 4B, respectively, as can be seen from fig. 4A and 4B; in the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, the dense metal oxide was uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, and the metal oxide had a uniform size and a particle diameter of 5 to 10 nm.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 15g of urea in a ceramic crucible, placing the ceramic crucible in a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 4h to obtain a light yellow solid, namely g-C with a porous structure3N4
(2) Weighing 5g of g-C obtained in step (1)3N4Adding the copper nitrate into an aqueous solution containing 20g of copper nitrate, drying, and transferring the copper nitrate into a crucible;
(3) placing the crucible filled with the raw materials in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, keeping the crucible at a set temperature of 350 ℃ for 10min, and then naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain 10g of a product, namely a carbon material loaded with metal oxides, wherein the content of the metal oxides is 75% by taking the total weight of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxides as CuO/C; without any subsequent processing.
Scanning electron microscope analysis is carried out on the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide obtained in the embodiment, and an electron microscope image is shown in fig. 5 and can be seen from fig. 5; in the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, the dense metal oxide was uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, and the metal oxide was uniform in size and had a particle diameter of 3 to 9 nm.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 15g of urea in a ceramic crucible, placing the ceramic crucible in a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 4h to obtain a light yellow solid, namely g-C with a porous structure3N4
(2) Weighing 5g of g-C obtained in step (1)3N4Adding the mixture into an aqueous solution containing 8g of magnesium nitrate and 29g of cobalt nitrate, drying, and transferring the dried mixture into a crucible;
(3) placing the crucible filled with the raw materials in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, keeping the crucible at a set temperature of 350 ℃ for 10min, and then naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain 11g of a product, namely the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide, wherein the content of the metal oxide is 85% by taking the total weight of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide as 100%, and the carbon material is marked as MgCo2O4C; without any subsequent processing.
Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed on the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, and the electron microscope images thereof are respectively shown in fig. 6A and 6B, as can be seen from fig. 6A and 6B; in the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, the dense metal oxide was uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, and the metal oxide had a uniform size and a particle diameter of 4 to 10 nm.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 15g of urea in a ceramic crucible, placing the ceramic crucible in a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 4h to obtain a light yellow solid, namely g-C with a porous structure3N4
(2) Weighing 5g of g-C obtained in step (1)3N4Adding the mixture into an aqueous solution containing 20g of aluminum nitrate and 29g of cobalt nitrate, drying, and transferring the dried mixture into a crucible;
(3) placing the crucible filled with the raw materials in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 360 ℃ for 10min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain 14g of a product, namely the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide, wherein the content of the metal oxide is 82 percent by taking the total weight of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide as 100 percent and is marked as Al2Co6O12C; without any subsequent processing.
Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed on the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, and the electron microscope images are shown in fig. 7A and 7B, respectively, as can be seen from fig. 7A and 7B; in the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, the dense metal oxide was uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, and the metal oxide was uniform in size and had a particle diameter of 2 to 8 nm.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon material loaded with metal oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 15g of urea in a ceramic crucible, placing the ceramic crucible in a muffle furnace, and keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 4h to obtain a light yellow solid, namely g-C with a porous structure3N4
(2) Weighing 5g of g-C obtained in step (1)3N4Adding the mixture into an aqueous solution containing 14.5g of nickel nitrate and 29g of cobalt nitrate, drying, and transferring the dried mixture into a crucible;
(3) placing the crucible filled with the raw materials in the step (2) into a muffle furnace, keeping the crucible at a set temperature of 700 ℃ for 10min, and then naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain 10g of a product, namely a carbon material loaded with metal oxides, wherein the content of the metal oxides is 90% by taking the total weight of the carbon material loaded with the metal oxides as 100%, and the carbon material is marked as NiCo2O4C; without any subsequent processing.
Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed on the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, and the electron microscope images thereof are respectively shown in fig. 8A and 8B, as can be seen from fig. 8A and 8B; in the carbon material loaded with metal oxide obtained in this example, the dense metal oxide was uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, and the metal oxide had a uniform size and a particle diameter of 3 to 10 nm.

Claims (6)

1. A method for producing a metal oxide-supported carbon material, characterized by comprising:
(1) uniformly mixing graphitized carbon nitride and a metal salt aqueous solution, and drying; the mass ratio of the graphitized carbon nitride to the metal nitrate in the step (1) is 1: 1-10;
in the step (1), the drying temperature is 70-100 ℃, and the time is 10-12 h;
(2) calcining the product obtained after drying in the step (1) to obtain the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide; the calcining temperature in the step (2) is 200-700 ℃, and the time is 10-120 min; and in the calcining process, the metal oxide is generated at the temperature of less than 290 ℃, and when the temperature is 290-700 ℃, the metal oxide catalyzes nitrogen atoms so as to form the carbon material loaded with the metal oxide.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal salt in the step (1) comprises a metal nitrate.
3. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein the metal nitrate comprises one or more of ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc nitrate, magnesium nitrate, aluminum nitrate and copper nitrate.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the calcination in the step (2) is 300-400 ℃.
5. The metal oxide-loaded carbon material produced by the method for producing a metal oxide-loaded carbon material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal oxide is uniformly loaded on the surface of the carbon material, and the metal oxide has a uniform size and a particle diameter of 2 to 10nm, and the content of the metal oxide is 60 to 90% based on 100% by weight of the total metal oxide-loaded carbon material.
6. The metal oxide-supported carbon material according to claim 5, wherein the content of the metal oxide is 70% to 90% based on 100% by weight of the total metal oxide-supported carbon material.
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