CN109016708A - 一种轨道车辆裙板 - Google Patents

一种轨道车辆裙板 Download PDF

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CN109016708A
CN109016708A CN201810873341.8A CN201810873341A CN109016708A CN 109016708 A CN109016708 A CN 109016708A CN 201810873341 A CN201810873341 A CN 201810873341A CN 109016708 A CN109016708 A CN 109016708A
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railway vehicle
skirt plate
carbon fiber
aramid fiber
shuffling
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贾金荣
邓辉雄
李赛
吕保杰
邹鹏辉
彭宗文
宫国栋
周升
姜其斌
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种轨道车辆裙板，为层状结构，由外到内依次为芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A、泡沫层、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B和隔音片层。本发明首次将芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编布用于高抗冲轨道车辆裙板中作为裙板外蒙皮，提高了裙板的抗冲击性能；同时，芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编布和泡沫夹芯结构相结合，相对于铝合金裙板可实现减重50％以上。本发明采用隔音片粘接在裙板背部，提高了裙板的隔音性能，使得隔音量保持在32dB以上。

Description

一种轨道车辆裙板
技术领域
本发明属于轨道车辆用裙板领域，尤其涉及一种具有隔音功能的轨道车辆裙板。
背景技术
轨道车辆在向前高速行驶过程中，往往容易带起石头、冰块或者其他杂物，对轨道车辆的底部造成冲击，损坏车内重要设备和电线电路。现有的技术方案是在轨道车辆侧面安装裙板，要求裙板高抗冲、重量轻、隔音、耐开合疲劳及方便设备检修。
中国专利CN105383142A公布了一种复合材料制作高铁设备舱裙板的工艺，该设备舱裙板是由主板四周压条组成，主板属于芳纶蜂窝夹芯结构，压条预浸料袋压而成；该裙板主板芳纶蜂窝与两侧的单向碳纤维预浸料无胶膜过度，承受剪切和剥离的能力弱。
中国专利CN 206344819U公布了一种轨道车辆裙板结构，该裙板设计了铰链功能、支撑功能和安装功能于一体的新型安装座。但是该新型安装座和裙板为配套模具挤压出的型材，重量大，型面复杂，不易成型。
中国专利CN104742923A公布了一种跨坐式单轨车车体，包括底部骨架和之连接的裙板结构，其上层裙板包括穿孔铝板制成的内层和预埋支撑筋的玻璃钢形成的外层。但是该裙板结构重量大，不适合对转向架内设备的检修。
由此可见，现有高铁、动车组、地铁等轨道车辆的裙板大多采用铝蜂窝、铝型材及玻璃钢，存在重量大、刚度差、安装及维修困难、造型单调特点，不利于高速铁路的快速发展。如果研究出一种重量轻、隔音且高抗冲的制备裙板的方法，将很有利于高速铁路的快速发展。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷，提供高抗冲、重量轻、隔音的轨道车辆裙板。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为：
一种轨道车辆裙板为层状结构，由外到内依次为芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A、泡沫层、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B和隔音片层。
上述的轨道车辆裙板，优选的，所述芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A和芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B的厚度为0.3～0.7mm；所述泡沫层的厚度为7.5～9mm；所述隔音片层的厚度为1～2mm。
上述的轨道车辆裙板，优选的，所述隔音片层的材料为PVC、EVA或TPU中的任意一种。选择这几种材料作为隔音片材，其成型加工性、化学稳定性、可填充性能高，满足轨道车辆裙板的性能要求。
上述的轨道车辆裙板，优选的，所述芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A和芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B的面密度为150～200g/m2；面密度过低，则表面抗冲击性越差；而面密度过高，则不符合减重效果。所述隔音片层的面密度为500～800g/m2；面密度过低，则隔音效果较差；面密度过高，则柔韧性变差，不适合粘接有拐角的地方。
上述的轨道车辆裙板，优选的，所述泡沫层的材料为PET泡沫、PMI泡沫、硬质PU泡沫中的任意一种。这几种泡沫轻质、可加工性强、刚度大，保证了成型的裙板比强度和比刚度都较高。
上述的轨道车辆裙板，优选的，所述泡沫层的密度为50～120kg/m3；泡沫的密度过低，则刚度较差，裙板的抗压能力较弱；若密度过高，则重量与可加工性变差，难以加工带曲面的结构。
上述的轨道车辆裙板，优选的，所述车辆裙板上通过环氧结构胶粘有U型铝型材和气弹簧安装座。U型铝型材安装在裙板顶部，用于连接铰链，翻转裙板；安装气弹簧，裙板打开时，气弹簧可提供向上的支撑力。
上述的轨道车辆裙板，优选的，所述环氧结构胶的拉剪强度≥20MPa，保证U型铝型材和气弹簧安装座牢固地安装在轨道车辆裙板上。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
(1)本发明首次将芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编布用于高抗冲轨道车辆裙板中作为裙板外蒙皮，提高了裙板的抗冲击性能；同时，芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编布和泡沫夹芯结构相结合，相对于铝合金裙板可实现减重50％以上。
(2)本发明采用隔音片粘接在裙板背部，提高了裙板的隔音性能，使得隔音量保持在32dB以上。
(3)本发明裙板易于运输和安装、可减小轮轨噪音传递到车内。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中的轨道车辆裙板的主视示意图。
图2是本发明实施例中的轨道车辆裙板的侧视示意图。
图3是图2中的A—A剖面图。
图例说明：1、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A；2、泡沫层；3、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B；4、隔音片层；5、环氧胶膜；6、U型铝型材；7、气弹簧安装座。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本文发明做更全面、细致地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1：
一种轨道车辆裙板(其示意图如图1和图2所述)，为层状结构，图3所示，层状结构由外到内依次为芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1、泡沫层2、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3和隔音片层4；其中，芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1和芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3的厚度为0.5mm、面密度为200g/m2；泡沫层2为厚度为9mm、密度为110kg/m3的PMI泡沫；隔音片层4为厚度为1mm、面密度为550g/m2的PVC隔音片；在芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1、泡沫层2、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3和隔音片层4之间均形成一层面密度为200g/m2的环氧胶膜5；该车辆裙板的顶部设有U型铝型材6和气弹簧安装座7，U型铝型材6和气弹簧安装座7均通过拉剪强度为25MPa的环氧结构胶粘结在车辆裙板上。
实施例2：
一种轨道车辆裙板(其示意图如图1和图2所述)，为层状结构，图3所示，层状结构由外到内依次为芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1、泡沫层2、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3和隔音片层4；其中，芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1和芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3的厚度为0.7mm、面密度为150g/m2；泡沫层2为厚度为7.5mm、密度为52kg/m3的PMI泡沫；隔音片层4为厚度为2mm、面密度为800g/m2的PVC隔音片；在芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1、泡沫层2、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3和隔音片层4之间均形成一层面密度为300g/m2的环氧胶膜5；该车辆裙板的顶部设有U型铝型材6和气弹簧安装座7，U型铝型材6和气弹簧安装座7均通过拉剪强度为28MPa的环氧结构胶粘结在车辆裙板上。
实施例3：
一种轨道车辆裙板(其示意图如图1和图2所述)，为层状结构，图3所示，层状结构由外到内依次为芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1、泡沫层2、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3和隔音片层4；其中，芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1和芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3的厚度为0.3mm、面密度为185g/m2；泡沫层2为厚度为9mm、密度为52kg/m3的PET泡沫；隔音片层4为厚度为1.3mm、面密度为750g/m2的EVA隔音片；在芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A1、泡沫层2、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3和隔音片层4之间均形成一层面密度为250g/m2的环氧胶膜5；该车辆裙板的顶部设有U型铝型材6和气弹簧安装座7，U型铝型材6和气弹簧安装座7均通过拉剪强度为30MPa的环氧结构胶粘结在车辆裙板上。
实施例4：
一种轨道车辆裙板(其示意图如图1和图2所述)，为层状结构，图3所示，层状结构由外到内依次为芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1、泡沫层2、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3和隔音片层4；其中，芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1和芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3的厚度为0.4mm、面密度为185g/m2；泡沫层2为厚度为9mm、密度为120kg/m3的硬质PU泡沫；隔音片层4为厚度为1.4mm、面密度为500g/m2的TPU隔音片；在芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A 1、泡沫层2、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B 3和隔音片层4之间均形成一层面密度为250g/m2的环氧胶膜5；该车辆裙板的顶部设有U型铝型材6和气弹簧安装座7，U型铝型材6和气弹簧安装座7均通过拉剪强度为32MPa的环氧结构胶粘结在车辆裙板上。
对本发明各实施例中的轨道车辆裙板的减重效果、抗冲击性能及隔音量进行了测试，具体结果可见表1。
表1轨道车辆裙板的性能测试结果
实施例 重量/kg 抗冲击性能 隔音量/dB
铝合金裙板 47.5 300g小球从1m处落下，表面凹坑1.1mm 28
实施例1 18.1 300g小球从1m处落下，表面凹坑0.5mm 35
实施例2 22.3 300g小球从1m处落下，表面凹坑0.3mm 38
实施例3 19.5 300g小球从1m处落下，表面凹坑0.7mm 35
实施例4 20.4 300g小球从1m处落下，表面凹坑0.6mm 34

Claims (8)

1.一种轨道车辆裙板，其特征在于，所述轨道车辆裙板为层状结构，由外到内依次为芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A(1)、泡沫层(2)、芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B(3)和隔音片层(4)。
2.如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆裙板，其特征在于，所述芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A(1)和芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B(3)的厚度为0.3～0.7mm；所述泡沫层(2)的厚度为7.5～9mm；所述隔音片层(4)的厚度为1～2mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆裙板，其特征在于，所述隔音片层(4)的材料为PVC、EVA或TPU中的任意一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆裙板，其特征在于，所述泡沫层(2)的材料为PET泡沫、PMI泡沫、硬质PU泡沫中的任意一种。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的轨道车辆裙板，其特征在于，所述泡沫层(2)的密度为50～120kg/m3。
6.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的轨道车辆裙板，其特征在于，所述芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层A(1)和芳纶纤维/碳纤维混编纤维布层B(3)的面密度为150～200g/m2；所述隔音片层(4)的面密度为500～800g/m2。
7.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的轨道车辆裙板，其特征在于，所述轨道车辆裙板上通过环氧结构胶粘有U型铝型材和气弹簧安装座。
8.如权利要求7所述的轨道车辆裙板，其特征在于，所述环氧结构胶的拉剪强度≥20MPa。
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