CN109014620B - Laser hole making device based on direct current electric field and magnetic field - Google Patents
Laser hole making device based on direct current electric field and magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN109014620B CN109014620B CN201810766995.0A CN201810766995A CN109014620B CN 109014620 B CN109014620 B CN 109014620B CN 201810766995 A CN201810766995 A CN 201810766995A CN 109014620 B CN109014620 B CN 109014620B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention provides a laser hole making device based on a direct current electric field and a magnetic field, which comprises an electric field generating unit, a magnetic field generating unit and a workpiece rotating unit, wherein the electric field generating unit comprises two electrode plates positioned at the left side and the right side of a workpiece, the magnetic field generating unit comprises a first magnet and a second magnet which are respectively positioned above and below the workpiece and a lifting device for controlling the heights of the first magnet and the second magnet, whether the workpiece is driven to rotate by the workpiece rotating unit or not is selected according to requirements in the hole making process, the magnetic field generating unit generates the magnetic field vertical to the workpiece when laser hole making is carried out, the electric field generating unit generates a horizontal electric field, and a coupling energy field generated by the two acts on the workpiece, the motion, the form, the density and the distribution of plasmas in the laser hole making process are influenced by an external electric-magnetic coupling energy field, so that the, and the hole making efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser manufacturing and processing, in particular to a laser hole making device based on a direct current electric field and a magnetic field.
Background
Laser drilling is one of the main research, development and application directions in the field of laser processing. In the laser hole making process, a pulse laser beam is used for irradiating the surface of a workpiece, the focused laser beam has extremely high energy density, the temperature at the focus position can reach thousands of degrees centigrade instantly, and the workpiece material can be rapidly melted and vaporized under the action of the high temperature and is sprayed out under the action of high-pressure steam to form small holes.
Compared with other micropore processing methods, the laser hole-making processing method has the advantages of high processing speed, high economic benefit, wide range of processing materials, non-contact processing, no pollution, capability of processing special-shaped holes and the like, and particularly has obvious advantages in the laser precision processing of engine hot-end part group holes in the aerospace industry. However, in the high-power laser hole-making process, the high-temperature plasma above the workpiece generates a shielding effect on the laser through absorption, scattering and refraction effects, so that the utilization rate of the laser is reduced, micropore formation is influenced, and in a serious case, the shielding of the plasma can prevent the hole-making process from being carried out. The shielding effect of the plasma on the laser mainly depends on the density of charged particles in the plasma and the shape of the plasma, so that how to control the density and distribution of the light-induced plasma in laser hole making is very critical.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a laser hole making device based on a direct current electric field and a magnetic field, which utilizes an external electric-magnetic coupling energy field to influence the motion, the form, the density and the distribution of plasma in the laser hole making process so as to improve the quality of laser processing micropores and improve the hole making efficiency.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A laser hole making device based on a direct current electric field and a magnetic field comprises a power supply, a control system, an electric field generating unit, a magnetic field generating unit, a workpiece clamping unit, a lifting device, a machine tool base and a laser generating unit;
the electric field generating unit comprises a support and two electrode plates which are oppositely arranged on the support, the support is arranged on a machine tool base, the two electrode plates are electrically connected with a control system, and the control system is electrically connected with a power supply;
the laser processing device comprises a laser generating unit, a workpiece clamping unit, a control system and a laser processing unit, wherein the workpiece clamping unit comprises an electric platform and a workpiece clamp arranged on the electric platform, the workpiece is arranged on the electric platform through the workpiece clamp, the electric platform is positioned between two electrode plates, the laser generating unit is arranged above the workpiece, the electric platform is electrically connected with the control system, and the control system can control the electric platform to move along a machine tool;
the magnetic field generating unit comprises a first magnet and a second magnet, the first magnet and the second magnet are arranged oppositely and are respectively located above and below the electric platform, the magnetism of the first magnet is opposite to that of the second magnet, and the lifting device can respectively control the relative distance between the first magnet and the workpiece clamp and the relative distance between the second magnet and the workpiece clamp.
Preferably, the drilling machine further comprises a workpiece rotating unit, wherein the electric platform is mounted on the workpiece rotating unit, the workpiece rotating unit can enable the workpiece to rotate around the axis of the hole to be machined, the workpiece rotating unit is electrically connected with a control system, and the control system can control the rotating speed of the workpiece rotating unit.
Preferably, work piece rotary unit includes motor, pinion and rotary platform, rotary platform rotationally installs on the support, laser head and rotary platform in the laser generating unit are coaxial, the vertical fixing of motor is on the lathe base, the coaxial fixed mounting of pinion is on the motor shaft of motor, the pinion with gear wheel intermeshing on the rotary platform, thereby the motor drives the pinion rotation and drives rotary platform around self axis rotation.
Preferably, rotary platform includes gear wheel and back shaft, gear wheel and the coaxial fixed connection of back shaft, the back shaft is located the support to be connected with the support through the bearing, pinion and gear wheel meshing.
Preferably, the magnetic field strength of the first magnet and the second magnet can be selected according to requirements.
Preferably, elevating gear includes crossbeam, screw rod, base bolt and nut, laser generating unit installs on the crossbeam, first magnet passes through the screw rod and is connected with the crossbeam, the screw rod passes first magnet and crossbeam in proper order to it is fixed through the nut.
The base bolt is vertically and fixedly installed on the machine tool base, a threaded hole in threaded fit with the base bolt is formed in the second magnet, and the second magnet is installed on the base bolt through threaded connection and is fixed in position through a nut in threaded connection with the base bolt.
Preferably, the number of the screw rods is two, the two screw rods are respectively located on two sides of the laser generating unit, a through hole is formed in the first magnet, and light spots generated by the laser generating unit act on the surface to be processed of the workpiece through the through hole of the first magnet.
Preferably, the laser generating unit includes a laser, a focusing lens, and a nozzle, the laser beam generated by the laser passes through a spot generated by the focusing lens to act on the processing position of the workpiece, and the nozzle is used for spraying the auxiliary gas to the workpiece.
Preferably, the workpiece clamp comprises a first clamp body and a second clamp body which are arranged oppositely, a sliding groove is formed in the upper surface of the electric platform, and the first clamp body and the second clamp body can slide to a required position along the sliding groove and are fixed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention adds electric field and magnetic field on the laser hole making unit to assist laser hole making, so that the charged particles in the plasma move under the action of electric field force or Lorentz force, and the density, distribution, shape and position of the charged particles can be changed. By selecting proper process parameters, the density and distribution of charged particles in the photoinduced plasma can be reduced, so that the shielding effect of the plasma is effectively reduced, and the utilization rate of the energy of the incident laser beam is improved. The electric field and the magnetic field in the invention can generate electromagnetic stirring effect on the molten pool formed in the laser hole making process, so that the temperature field and the liquid metal in the molten pool are homogenized, the stability of the laser hole making process can be enhanced, the hole making efficiency is improved, and the hole making quality is improved.
2) The magnetic field intensity of the first magnet and the second magnet in the medium magnetic field generating unit can be selected according to needs, and the relative distance between the first magnet and the second magnet can be adjusted, so that the magnetic field intensity at the position of a workpiece in the hole making process is more uniform, the dissipation of the magnetic field is less, the movement, the form, the density and the distribution of plasma in the laser hole making process are more effectively influenced, the hole making quality is improved, and the hole making efficiency is improved.
3) According to the invention, the electric platform is arranged on the rotary platform on the workpiece rotary unit, and the workpiece rotates around the axis of the hole to be processed in the laser hole making process, so that on one hand, the removal of slag in the laser hole making process can be accelerated, and the removal rate of the slag is improved; on the other hand, the reflection path of the laser on the inner wall of the hole is changed, the time of the laser light path staying at the same position of the hole wall is obviously shortened, the absorption rate of the laser when the laser is reflected on the hole wall is reduced, and the melting and vaporization are reduced, so that the melt is reduced or avoided from being solidified again on the hole wall, the micropore quality is improved, and the thickness of the recast layer is reduced.
Under the condition of an external electric field, the rotation of the workpiece enables the electric field to act more uniformly on the photoinduced plasma in the laser hole making process, the plasma expands and moves under the action of the electric field, the density of the plasma in all directions can be uniformly reduced, the shielding effect of the plasma on laser radiation energy is greatly weakened, more laser energy is used for removing materials, and the forming, such as roundness and the like, of the micropores are also more uniform.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser hole making device based on a direct current electric field and a magnetic field according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser hole drilling device based on a direct-current electric field and a magnetic field.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric platform according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hole drilling principle of a laser hole drilling device based on a direct current electric field and a magnetic field.
In the figure: 1. power supply, 2, control system, 3, electric field generating unit, 4, magnetic field generating unit, 5, workpiece clamping unit, 6, workpiece rotating unit, 7, lifting device, 8, machine tool base, 9, motor, 10, pinion, 11, electrode plate, 12, electric platform, 13, first magnet, 14, workpiece clamp, 15, beam, 16, screw, 17, laser head, 18, focusing lens, 19, nozzle, 20, laser beam, 21, workpiece, 22, rotating platform, 23, bearing, 24, support, 25, second magnet, 26, nut, 27, base bolt, 28, plasma, 29, magnetic field, 30, electric field.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser hole drilling device based on the direct current electric field and the magnetic field according to the present invention includes a power supply 1, a control system 2, an electric field generating unit 3, a magnetic field generating unit 4, a workpiece clamping unit 5, a workpiece rotating unit 6, a lifting device 7, and a laser generating unit.
As shown in fig. 2, the electric field generating unit 3 includes a support 24 and two electrode plates 11 oppositely mounted on the support 24, the support 24 is mounted on the machine tool base 8, both of the electrode plates 11 are electrically connected to the control system 2, the control system 2 is electrically connected to the power supply 1, and the electrode plates 11 can be controlled to generate an electric field with variable intensity as required.
The workpiece rotating unit 6 comprises an electric motor 9, a pinion 10 and a rotating platform 22, the rotating platform 22 comprises a gearwheel and a supporting shaft, the gearwheel and the supporting shaft are coaxially and fixedly connected, the supporting shaft is located in a support 24 and is connected with the support 24 through a bearing 23, the electric motor 9 is vertically fixed on a machine tool base 8, the pinion 10 is coaxially and fixedly installed on a motor shaft of the electric motor 9, the pinion 10 is meshed with the gearwheel, and the electric motor 9 drives the pinion 10 to rotate so as to drive the rotating platform 22 to rotate around the axis of the electric motor 9.
As shown in fig. 4, the workpiece clamping unit 5 includes an electric platform 12 and a workpiece fixture 14 mounted on the electric platform 12, the workpiece fixture 14 includes a first fixture body and a second fixture body which are oppositely disposed, a sliding slot is provided on an upper surface of the electric platform 12, and the first fixture body and the second fixture body can slide to a desired position along the sliding slot and be fixed. The workpiece 21 is mounted on the electric platform 12 through the workpiece clamp 14, the electric platform 12 is located between the two electrode plates 11, the laser generating unit is mounted above the workpiece 21, a laser head 17 in the laser generating unit is coaxial with the rotary platform 22, the electric platform 12 and the workpiece rotary unit 6 are both electrically connected with the control system 2, the control system 2 can control the electric platform 12 to move along the machine tool, the axis of a hole to be machined in the workpiece 21 is coaxial with the rotary platform 22, and the control system 2 can control the rotary platform 22 to rotate around the axis of the rotary platform 22.
On one hand, the rotation of the workpiece 21 can accelerate the removal of slag in the laser hole making process and improve the removal rate of the slag; on the other hand, the rotation of the workpiece 21 changes the reflection path of the laser on the inner wall of the hole, the time of the laser light path staying at the same position of the hole wall is obviously shortened, the absorption rate of the laser light during the reflection of the hole wall is reduced, and the melting and vaporization are reduced, so that the melt is reduced or prevented from being solidified again on the hole wall, the quality of the micropore is improved, and the thickness of the recast layer is reduced. Under the condition of an external electric field, the rotation of the workpiece enables the electric field to act more uniformly on the photoinduced plasma in the laser hole making process, the plasma expands and moves under the action of the electric field, in this case, the density of the plasma in all directions can be uniformly reduced, the shielding effect of the plasma on laser radiation energy is greatly weakened, more laser energy is used for removing materials, and the forming of micropores, such as roundness and the like, is also more uniform.
As shown in fig. 2, the magnetic field generating unit 4 includes a first magnet 13, a second magnet 25 and a lifting device 7, the first magnet 13 and the second magnet 25 are disposed opposite to each other and located above and below the electric platform 12, the lifting device 7 includes a cross beam 15, screws 16, a base bolt 27 and a nut 26, the cross beam 15 is a top beam for mounting a laser head 17 in the laser generating unit on the machine tool, the first magnet 13 is connected to the cross beam 15 through the two screws 16, the two screws 16 are located on two sides of the laser head 17, the cross beam 15 is provided with first through holes at positions on two sides of the laser head 17, the first magnet 13 is provided with two second through holes corresponding to the first through holes, the screws 16 pass through the second through holes and the first through holes and are fixed by nuts, and the positions of the nuts are adjusted to adjust the relative distance between the first magnet 13 and the workpiece 21. The first magnet 13 is provided with a through hole, and the light spot generated by the laser generating unit acts on the surface to be processed of the workpiece 21 through the through hole of the first magnet 13.
The base bolt 27 is vertically and fixedly installed on the machine tool base 8, a threaded hole matched with the base bolt 27 in a threaded mode is formed in the second magnet 25, the second magnet 25 is installed on the base bolt 27 through threaded connection, the position of the nut 26 is adjusted through the fixing position of the nut 26 in threaded connection with the base bolt 27, and the relative distance between the second magnet 25 and the workpiece 21 can be adjusted through the position of the nut 26.
Through elevating gear 7, can adjust the relative position between first magnet 13 and second magnet 25 and the work piece 21 to the magnetic field intensity to the processing position department of work piece 21 in the system hole process regulates and control, the reduction of magnet interval can strengthen the magnetic field intensity of work piece 21 position department, make magnetic field intensity more even, the dissipation still less, effectively improve the motion, form, density and the distribution of plasma in the laser system hole process, improve the system hole quality, improve system hole efficiency. Also, the plasma expands in the direction of the magnetic force and compresses in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic force. Therefore, the plasma can be extruded or stretched by a stronger external magnetic field, and certain promotion effect is achieved on increasing the hole depth and reducing the hole diameter, so that the depth-diameter ratio of laser hole making is improved.
However, in order to effectively improve the stability of the laser hole drilling process, enhance the hole drilling efficiency and improve the hole drilling quality, the intensity of an external magnetic field needs to be proper, and the laser hole drilling process is easily splashed due to overlarge magnetic induction intensity. Through elevating gear 7, adjust the relative position between two magnet and the work piece 21 to can realize regulation and control and optimization to magnetic induction.
As shown in fig. 5, the laser generating unit includes a laser, a focusing lens 18, and a nozzle 19, a laser beam 20 generated by the laser is applied to a portion to be processed of a workpiece 21 through a spot generated by the focusing lens 18, and the nozzle 19 is used for ejecting an assist gas toward the workpiece 21.
The invention adds the direct current electric field-magnetic field coupling energy field assistance during the laser drilling process to control and improve the density and distribution of the photoinduced plasma 28. When laser drilling is performed with the aid of an externally applied dc electric field 30 and a magnetic field 29, charged particles in the plasma 28 move under the action of the electric field force or lorentz force, and the density, distribution, shape, and position thereof change. By selecting proper process parameters, the density and distribution of charged particles in the photoinduced plasma can be reduced, so that the shielding effect of the plasma 28 is effectively reduced, and the utilization rate of the energy of the incident laser beam 20 is improved; meanwhile, the laser hole making process can be stabilized, the processing efficiency is improved, and the micropore forming quality is improved.
The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A laser hole making device based on a direct current electric field and a magnetic field is characterized by comprising a power supply (1), a control system (2), an electric field generating unit (3), a magnetic field generating unit (4), a workpiece clamping unit (5), a lifting device (7), a machine tool base (8) and a laser generating unit;
the electric field generating unit (3) comprises a support (24) and two electrode plates (11) which are oppositely arranged on the support (24), the support (24) is arranged on a machine tool base (8), the two electrode plates (11) are electrically connected with a control system (2), and the control system (2) is electrically connected with a power supply (1);
the workpiece clamping unit (5) comprises an electric platform (12) and a workpiece clamp (14) arranged on the electric platform (12), a workpiece (21) is arranged on the electric platform (12) through the workpiece clamp (14), the electric platform (12) is located between the two electrode plates (11), the laser generating unit is arranged above the workpiece (21), the electric platform (12) is electrically connected with the control system (2), and the control system (2) can control the electric platform (12) to move along a machine tool;
the magnetic field generating unit (4) comprises a first magnet (13) and a second magnet (25), the first magnet (13) and the second magnet (25) are arranged oppositely and are respectively located above and below the electric platform (12), the magnetism of the first magnet (13) is opposite to that of the second magnet (25), and the lifting device (7) can respectively control the relative distance between the first magnet (13) and the workpiece clamp (14) and the relative distance between the second magnet (25) and the workpiece clamp (14).
2. The laser hole making device based on the direct current electric field and the magnetic field is characterized by further comprising a workpiece rotating unit (6), wherein the electric platform (12) is installed on the workpiece rotating unit (6), the workpiece rotating unit (6) can enable a workpiece (21) to rotate around the axis of a hole to be processed, the workpiece rotating unit (6) is electrically connected with a control system (2), and the control system (2) can control the rotating speed of the workpiece rotating unit (6).
3. The laser hole making device based on the direct current electric field and the magnetic field is characterized in that the workpiece rotating unit (6) comprises an electric motor (9), a pinion (10) and a rotating platform (22), the rotating platform (22) is rotatably installed on a support (24), a laser head (17) in the laser generating unit is coaxial with the rotating platform (22), the electric motor (9) is vertically fixed on a machine tool base (8), the pinion (10) is coaxially and fixedly installed on a motor shaft of the electric motor (9), the pinion (10) is meshed with a gear wheel on the rotating platform (22), and the electric motor (9) drives the pinion (10) to rotate so as to drive the rotating platform (22) to rotate around the axis.
4. A laser drilling device based on dc electric and magnetic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic field strength of the first magnet (13) and the second magnet (25) can be selected as desired.
5. The laser hole making device based on the direct-current electric field and the magnetic field is characterized in that the lifting device (7) comprises a cross beam (15), a screw rod (16), a base bolt (27) and a nut (26), the laser generating unit is installed on the cross beam (15), the first magnet (13) is connected with the cross beam (15) through the screw rod (16), and the screw rod (16) sequentially penetrates through the first magnet (13) and the cross beam (15) and is fixed through a nut;
the vertical fixed mounting of base bolt (27) is on lathe base (8), be equipped with on second magnet (25) with base bolt (27) screw-thread fit's screw hole, second magnet (25) are installed on base bolt (27) through threaded connection to nut (26) fixed position through with base bolt (27) threaded connection.
6. The laser hole making device based on the direct-current electric field and the magnetic field is characterized in that the number of the screws (16) is two, the two screws (16) are respectively located on two sides of the laser generating unit, a through hole is formed in the first magnet (13), and light spots generated by the laser generating unit act on a surface to be processed of the workpiece (21) through the through hole of the first magnet (13).
7. The laser hole making device based on the direct current electric field and the magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser generating unit comprises a laser, a focusing lens (18) and a nozzle (19), a laser beam (20) generated by the laser acts on a processing position of the workpiece (21) through a light spot generated by the focusing lens (18), and the nozzle (19) is used for spraying auxiliary gas to the workpiece (21).
8. The laser hole making device based on the direct current electric field and the magnetic field is characterized in that the workpiece clamp (14) comprises a first clamp body and a second clamp body which are arranged oppositely, a sliding groove is formed in the upper surface of the electric platform (12), and the first clamp body and the second clamp body can slide to a required position along the sliding groove and are fixed.
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| CN201810766995.0A CN109014620B (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | Laser hole making device based on direct current electric field and magnetic field |
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| CN201810766995.0A CN109014620B (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | Laser hole making device based on direct current electric field and magnetic field |
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| CN110280904A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-09-27 | 江苏大学 | A kind of controlling magnetic field coupling ultrasonic auxiliary laser increasing material manufacturing and monitoring device |
| CN110497086B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-06-22 | 江苏大学 | Laser drilling device and method for improving hole making quality based on laser discharge |
| CN111644741B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-03-18 | 天津工业大学 | Laser angle hole machining device based on magnetic field and ultrasonic vibration assistance |
| CN114054961A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-18 | 苏州大学 | Micro-nano texture cutter with large depth-diameter ratio, machining device and machining method thereof |
| CN115173623B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-11-07 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Electromagnetic composite field motion control device |
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