CN109014535A - A kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet - Google Patents
A kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN109014535A CN109014535A CN201811175697.0A CN201811175697A CN109014535A CN 109014535 A CN109014535 A CN 109014535A CN 201811175697 A CN201811175697 A CN 201811175697A CN 109014535 A CN109014535 A CN 109014535A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet, it is related to vehicle body aluminium sheet welding technology field, including thin plate and slab is positioned, or thin plate, intermediate plate and slab are positioned, overlap joint plane is formed, according to the placement location of thin plate and slab；Posture of welding torch is adjusted, so that anode electrode cap is located at thin plate side, negative electricity polar cap is located at slab side；By anode electrode cap and negative electricity polar cap centering pressing and by anode electrode cap and negative electricity polar cap apply electric current to thin plate and slab, and completes welding.The present invention is according to the thickness condition of soldered aluminium sheet, the end face radian of difference setting electrode cap is to distinguish effective contact area that electrode cap and plate is arranged, and then in the identical situation of heat input, difference provides current density and welding penetration, the distribution of active balance heat, the problem of improving nugget offset, guarantee welding quality；Without adding equipment, does not increase processing technology, do not increase production cost substantially, it is versatile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vehicle body aluminium sheet welding technology fields, and in particular to a kind of spot welding side suitable for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet
Method.
Background technique
Aluminium sheet is a kind of common industrial materials, is widely used in the fields such as aerospace, ship, automobile manufacture.In recent years
Come, with the rigid requirement of national energy conservation and emission reduction, body of a motor car needs light-weight design, and aluminum alloy materials density is small, light-weight,
The demand for meeting body lightening design manufactures vehicle body with aluminum alloy materials, vehicle can loss of weight about 30%, reach reduction oil consumption,
The purpose of reducing exhaust emissions, improving accelerating ability；Aluminium sheet is also thus gradually widely used in Auto-body manufacturing.
In various aluminium sheet vehicle body connection types, aluminium resistance spot welding process is stable, at low cost, good reliability with its performance
Advantage becomes most important connection type, but due to the high thermal conductivity of aluminum material itself, highly conductive characteristic, so that it is in not uniform thickness
When two-ply or three ply board weld, nugget offset is easily generated at welding point, and then causes joint bonding strength insufficient, very
To the mass defect for being generation rosin joint.
According to temperature field analysis it is found that the nugget offset during unequal thickness plate spot welding aluminum is mainly being heated by welding section
Caused by weldment analysis heat and heat dissipation are uneven in the process.At spot welding initial stage, the power of heat spreading function be influence nugget offset it is leading because
Thin plate is biased in element, high-temperature region；Subsequent high-temperature area is as the increase of weld interval is to deviating at few slab that radiates.Nugget is formed
Afterwards, the power for analysing heat effect is to influence the leading factor of nugget offset.Bulk resistor predominantly analyses hot source at this time, and nugget is to having
The few slab side offset of big resistance, heat dissipation.
Unequal thickness plate connection account for aluminium vehicle body connection 80% or more, nugget offset will lead to joint bonding strength reduce with
And the significant decrease of fatigue strength, hidden danger is brought to the security performance of vehicle complete vehicle.Currently, generally passing through externally-applied magnetic field, vortex
Heating increases the modes such as auxiliary spacer to change the distribution of heat in the welding process, so improve and eliminate nugget offset and
The problem of rosin joint.
The mode of externally-applied magnetic field is to install permanent magnet on the electrode stem of plank side, makes molten aluminum by magnetic field agitation
Material is more flowed to thin plate side, and then improves the case where nugget is deviated to plank side, but when actual production, is installed additional on electrode stem
Permanent magnet can propose additional requirement to weld pass, and permanent magnet can also cause magnetic field to influence other frock clamps, deposit
The difficult design, increased costs, poor universality the problem of.
Eddy heating for heating mode is preheated in advance to side sheet part, and to reduce the influence of nugget offset, this is needed to fixture
It is transformed, additionally increases vortex generator, improve cost, and be only applicable in small parts.It is not suitable for oneself of high beat
The production of dynamicization vehicle body.
The mode for increasing auxiliary spacer is the process gasket in thin plate side addition stainless steel, to realize thin and thick plate two sides
Thermal balance.Reality in vehicle production, implement to have any problem very much by the mode for increasing process gasket.Which is only applicable to craft
Small parts welding, and need to design specific frock clamp, higher cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of for not uniform thickness aluminium precisely in order to avoid above-mentioned existing deficiencies in the technology
The spot welding method of plate.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet in order to solve the technical problem, packet
Include following steps:
S1, thin plate and slab are positioned, or thin plate, intermediate plate and slab is positioned, form overlap joint plane；
S2, according to the placement location of the thin plate and the slab, adjust posture of welding torch, be located at anode electrode cap described
Thin plate side, negative electricity polar cap are located at the slab side；
S3, the anode electrode cap and the negative electricity polar cap centering are pressed；
S4, welding machine work, are applied by the anode electrode cap and the negative electricity polar cap to the thin plate and the slab
Add electric current, and complete to weld, forms solder joint；
The anode electrode cap and the negative electricity polar cap of the welding gun are respectively connected to the anode close to positive pole
The negative contacts of contact and the close power cathode；The anode electrode cap is identical with the structure of the negative electricity polar cap, and two
The radian for the upper surface that person contacts with the thin plate or the slab is different, and the radian of the upper surface of the anode electrode cap half
Diameter R1Greater than the radius of the radian R of the upper surface of the negative electricity polar cap2。
Further, the cylindrical structure in the top and bottom of the anode electrode cap and the negative electricity polar cap, it is described
Upper end is solid construction, and the lower end base sets cavity, and the diameter of the lower end is greater than the diameter of the upper end.
Further, the welding machine is the midfrequent AC welding machine that output frequency is 1000Hz.
Further, 70mm≤R1≤ 80mm, 90mm≤R2≤100mm。
Further, R1=75mm, R2=100mm.
Further, the plate thickness h of the slab1, the thin plate plate thickness h2With the plate thickness h of the intermediate plate3It is not less than
0.8mm, and
When the thin plate and two plate of the slab weld: h1+h2≤6mm；
When the welding of the thin plate, the intermediate plate and three plate of the slab:
2.4mm≤h1+h2+h3≤8mm。
Further, when welding to the thin plate and the slab, welding parameter is welding pressure F=3.5kN, weldering
Meet electric current A=30kA, weld interval t=120ms.
Further, when welding to the thin plate, the intermediate plate and the slab, welding parameter is welding pressure
Power F=4kN, welding current A=35kA, weld interval t=100ms.
The present invention provides a kind of spot welding methods for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet, have the advantages that
1, according to the thickness condition of soldered aluminium sheet, the end face radian of difference setting electrode cap with distinguish setting electrode cap with
Effective contact area of plate, and then in the identical situation of heat input, difference provides current density and welding penetration, effectively
The problem of balancing heat distribution, improving nugget offset, guarantees welding quality；
2, without adding equipment, do not increase processing technology, do not increase production cost substantially, it is versatile；
3, type selecting, design are simple, and it is convenient to operate, and have good practicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of anode electrode cap and negative electricity polar cap of the present invention.
In figure:
1, welding machine, 11, anode connect electricity, 12, anode electrode cap, 13, negative contacts, 14, negative electricity polar cap, 151, upper end
Face, 152, upper end, 153, lower end, 154, cavity；2, thin plate；3, slab；4, solder joint.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one
Divide embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the premise of creative work.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet, comprising the following steps:
S1, thin plate 2 and slab 3 are positioned, or thin plate 2, intermediate plate and slab 3 is positioned, form overlap joint plane；
S2, according to the placement location of thin plate 2 and slab 3, adjust posture of welding torch, anode electrode cap 12 made to be located at thin plate 2 one
Side, negative electricity polar cap 14 are located at 3 side of slab；
S3, anode electrode cap 12 and 14 centering of negative electricity polar cap are pressed；
S4, welding machine 1 work, and apply electric current to thin plate 2 and slab 3 by anode electrode cap 12 and negative electricity polar cap 14, and
Welding is completed, solder joint 4 is formed；
The anode electrode cap 12 and negative electricity polar cap 14 of welding gun 1 are respectively connected to 11 He of positive contact close to positive pole
Close to the negative contacts 13 of power cathode；Anode electrode cap 13 is identical with the structure of negative electricity polar cap 14, the two and thin plate 2 or thickness
The radian for the upper surface 151 that plate 3 contacts is different, and the radius of the radian R of the upper surface 151 of anode electrode cap 121Greater than negative electricity
The radius of the radian R of the upper surface 151 of polar cap 142。
According to peltier effect, when the circuit being made up of electric current different conductors, except the irreversible joule of generation
It is hot outer, in the joint of different conductor as heat absorption, exothermic phenomenon can occur respectively in the different of current direction.Because of the material of electrode cap
Matter is chromium-zirconium-copper, by weldering metal is aluminium alloy that it is existing to there is heat absorption between the anode electrode cap 12 and thin plate 2 of positive contact 11
As, and close to negative contacts 13 pay there are exothermic phenomenons between current collection polar cap 13 and slab 3.
Meanwhile the radius of the radian R of anode electrode cap 121Greater than the radius of the radian R of negative electricity polar cap 142, make anode electrode cap
12 and negative electricity polar cap 14 when thin plate 2 and slab 3 contact, the upper surface 151 of anode electrode cap 12 and the contact area of thin plate 2
Greater than the upper surface 151 of negative electricity polar cap 14 and the contact area of slab 3；In the identical situation of input heat, connect with slab 3
Relatively small 14 current density of negative electricity polar cap of contacting surface product is bigger, fusion penetration thus relative increase, active balance heat distribution,
The problem of improving nugget offset.
Preferably, the cylindrical structure in the upper end 152 and lower end 153 of anode electrode cap 12 and negative electricity polar cap 14, upper end
152 be solid construction, and 153 bottom of lower end sets cavity 154, and the diameter of lower end 153 is greater than the diameter of upper end 152.
The setting of 153 major diameter of lower end of anode electrode cap 12 and negative electricity polar cap 14, the diameter for keeping cavity 154 settable
Increase, and then increase the flow of cooling water, improves cooling effect, effectively prevent anode electrode cap 12 and negative electricity polar cap 14
Overheat.
Preferably, welding machine is the midfrequent AC welding machine that output frequency is 1000Hz.
The fusing point of aluminium is low, thermal conductivity is high, coefficient of thermal expansion is high, needs " hard specification " welding using short time high current,
Intermediate frequency DC welder is selected according to the characteristic, compared to the 50Hz rate-adaptive pacemaker of industrial frequency AC welding machine, the output of midfrequent AC welding machine
Frequency is 1000Hz, and fan-out capability is strong, fast response time, and dynamic property is good, can nugget size steadily be increased, and reduces and flies
The case where splashing, improving nugget offset.
Preferably, 70mm≤R1≤ 80mm, 90mm≤R2≤100mm。
Preferably, R1=75mm, R2=100mm.
Preferably, the plate thickness h of slab 31, thin plate 2 plate thickness h2With the plate thickness h of intermediate plate3It is not less than 0.8mm, and
When the 3 liang of plate welding of thin plate 2 and slab: h1+h2≤6mm；
When the welding of thin plate 2, intermediate plate and 3 three plate of slab:
2.4mm≤h1+h2+h3≤8mm。
Preferably, when welding to thin plate 2 and slab 3, welding parameter is welding pressure F=3.5kN, welding current A
=30kA, weld interval t=120ms.
Preferably, when welding to thin plate 2, intermediate plate and slab 3, welding parameter is welding pressure F=4kN, weldering
Meet electric current A=35kA, weld interval t=100ms.
Embodiment 1
Thin plate 2 and slab 3 are welded.
Welding parameter is set as welding pressure F=3.5kN, welding current A=30kA, weld interval t=120ms.
Take 3 plate thickness h of slab1For 4mm, 2 plate thickness h of thin plate2For 1.5mm, plate thickness is than about 2.7；The length and width of slab 3 and thin plate 2
Having a size of 100mm*40mm.
Criterion is that nugget size size is greater than 5mm, to be greater than 5kN be qualified to tensile-sbear strength.
Electrode cap uses symmetrical structure and R1=R2When=100mm, test result is as follows shown in table:
| Serial number | Nugget size (mm) | Tensile-sbear strength (KN) | Remarks |
| 1 | 3.2 | 2.1 | Rosin joint |
| 2 | 3.4 | 2.6 | Rosin joint |
| 3 | 4.2 | 3.1 | Weak weldering |
| Average value | 3.6 | 2.6 | It is unqualified |
Electrode cap uses dissymmetrical structure and R1=75mm, R2When=100mm, test result is as follows shown in table:
| Serial number | Nugget size (mm) | Tensile-sbear strength (KN) | Remarks |
| 1 | 5.5 | 6.3 | It is qualified |
| 2 | 5.8 | 6.8 | It is qualified |
| 3 | 6.1 | 7.1 | It is qualified |
| Average value | 5.8 | 6.7 | It is qualified |
It is welded it can be seen from above-mentioned data comparison using dissymmetrical structure electrode cap, welding quality can be obviously improved,
Wherein nugget size average value reaches 5.8mm, increases 61%, the 5mm for the requirement that is above standard, tensile-sbear strength average value reaches
6.7kN increases 57%, and the 5kN for the requirement that is above standard completely eliminates rosin joint situation.
Meanwhile being shown by typical metallographic test result, when being welded using symmetrical structure electrode cap, nugget is seriously to slab
The offset of 3 sides, 3 side fusion penetration 2.92mm of slab, 2 side fusion penetration of thin plate are essentially 0mm；It is welded using dissymmetrical structure electrode cap
When, 3 side fusion penetration 3.42mm of slab, 2 side fusion penetration 1.06mm of thin plate, nugget drift condition substantially eliminate.
Embodiment 2
Thin plate 2, intermediate plate and slab 3 are welded.
Welding parameter is set as welding parameter and is set as welding pressure F=4kN, welding current A=35kA, weld interval t
=100ms.
Take 3 plate thickness h of slab1For 3mm, 2 plate thickness h of thin plate2For 0.9mm, intermediate plate plate thickness h3For 2mm；Slab 3, intermediate plate and
The length and width dimensions of thin plate 2 are 100mm*40mm.
Criterion is that nugget size size is greater than 4.5mm (investigating the nugget formed between slab 3 and thin plate 2), draws and cut
It is qualification that intensity, which is greater than 3kN,.
Electrode cap uses symmetrical structure and R1=R2When=100mm, test result is as follows shown in table:
| Serial number | Nugget size (mm) | Tensile-sbear strength (KN) | Remarks |
| 1 | 4.5 | 2.5 | Weak weldering |
| 2 | 4.7 | 2.8 | Weak weldering |
| 3 | 3.6 | 2.0 | Rosin joint |
| Average value | 4.3 | 2.4 | It is unqualified |
Electrode cap uses dissymmetrical structure and R1=75mm, R2When=100mm, test result is as follows shown in table:
| Serial number | Nugget size (mm) | Tensile-sbear strength (KN) | Remarks |
| 1 | 4.9 | 3.4 | It is qualified |
| 2 | 5.6 | 3.8 | It is qualified |
| 3 | 5.1 | 3.5 | It is qualified |
| Average value | 5.2 | 3.6 | It is qualified |
It is welded it can be seen from above-mentioned data comparison using dissymmetrical structure electrode cap, welding quality can be obviously improved,
Wherein nugget size average value reaches 5.2mm, increases 21%, the 4.5mm for the requirement that is above standard, tensile-sbear strength average value reaches
3.3kN increases 50%, and the 3kN for the requirement that is above standard completely eliminates rosin joint situation.
Meanwhile being shown by typical metallographic test result, when being welded using symmetrical structure electrode cap, nugget is seriously to slab
The offset of 3 sides, slab side fusion penetration 2.56mm, thin plate side fusion penetration are essentially 0mm；When being welded using dissymmetrical structure electrode cap,
Slab side fusion penetration 2.37mm, thin plate side fusion penetration 0.78mm, nugget drift condition substantially eliminate.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that
There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet, which comprises the following steps:
S1, thin plate (2) and slab (3) are positioned, or thin plate (2), intermediate plate and slab (3) is positioned, form overlap joint plane；
S2, according to the placement location of the thin plate (2) and the slab (3), adjust posture of welding torch, make anode electrode cap (12) position
In the thin plate (2) side, negative electricity polar cap (14) is located at the slab (3) side；
S3, the anode electrode cap (12) and negative electricity polar cap (14) centering are pressed；
S4, welding machine (1) work, by the anode electrode cap (12) and the negative electricity polar cap (14) to the thin plate (2) and
The slab (3) applies electric current, and completes to weld, and is formed solder joint (4)；
The anode electrode cap (12) of the welding gun (1) and the negative electricity polar cap (14) are respectively connected to close to positive pole
Positive contact (11) and close to the power cathode negative contacts (13)；The anode electrode cap (13) and the negative electricity
The structure of polar cap (14) is identical, and the radian for the upper surface (151) that the two is contacted with the thin plate (2) or the slab (3) is different,
And the radius of the radian R of the upper surface (151) of the anode electrode cap (12)1Greater than the upper surface of the negative electricity polar cap (14)
(151) radius of the radian R2。
2. a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the anode electrode
The upper end (152) and lower end (153) cylindrical structure of cap (12) and the negative electricity polar cap (14), the upper end (152) are
Solid construction, lower end (153) bottom are set cavity (154), and the diameter of the lower end (153) is greater than the upper end (152)
Diameter.
3. a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the welding machine is defeated
Frequency is the midfrequent AC welding machine of 1000Hz out.
4. a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
70mm≤R1≤ 80mm, 90mm≤R2≤100mm。
5. a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: R1=75mm, R2=
100mm。
6. a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that:
The plate thickness h of the slab (3)1, the thin plate (2) plate thickness h2With the plate thickness h of the intermediate plate3It is not less than 0.8mm, and
When the thin plate (2) and (3) two plate of the slab weld: h1+h2≤6mm；
When the welding of the thin plate (2), the intermediate plate and (3) three plate of the slab:
2.4mm≤h1+h2+h3≤8mm。
7. a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: to the thin plate
(2) when and the slab (3) is welded, welding parameter is welding pressure F=3.5kN, welding current A=30kA, when welding
Between t=120ms.
8. a kind of spot welding method for not uniform thickness aluminium sheet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: to the thin plate
(2), when the intermediate plate and the slab (3) are welded, welding parameter is welding pressure F=4kN, welding current A=
35kA, weld interval t=100ms.
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| CN113146007A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Method and device for determining welding lap amount of resistance spot welding |
| CN113714613A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-30 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Resistance spot welding device and method |
| CN115213537A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-10-21 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Spot welding method for multilayer board and multilayer board welding structure |
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| CN110814499A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽巨一自动化装备有限公司 | Method for reducing grinding frequency of aluminum alloy spot welding electrode |
| CN113146007A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Method and device for determining welding lap amount of resistance spot welding |
| CN113714613A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-30 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Resistance spot welding device and method |
| CN115213537A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-10-21 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Spot welding method for multilayer board and multilayer board welding structure |
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