Production process of nickel-plated steel strip for rechargeable battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of battery materials, relates to a treatment process of a material for a battery plate, and particularly relates to a production process of a nickel-plated steel strip for a rechargeable battery.
Background
The alkaline accumulator is an accumulator whose electrolyte is alkaline solution, and features small size, high mechanical strength, stable working voltage, large current discharge, long service life and easy carrying about, and is generally used as DC power supply for communication, computer and small power electronic instrument, and also suitable for relay protection of transformer and distribution station, switching on and off of circuit breaker and DC power supply of signal circuit.
The alkaline storage battery generally uses sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution as electrolyte of the storage battery, mainly including iron-nickel, cadmium-nickel, zinc-silver, cadmium-silver, zinc-nickel storage battery, etc., for example, nickel oxide is used as positive active material, iron is used as negative electrode plate, so called iron-nickel storage battery; for example, nickel oxide is used as the positive active material, and cadmium oxide is used as the negative active material, so the battery is called a cadmium-nickel battery. The alkaline storage battery is generally composed of a plastic shell, positive and negative electrode plates, a diaphragm, a top cover, a gas plug cap, electrolyte and the like, and compared with the lead-acid storage battery, the alkaline storage battery has the advantages of stable discharge voltage, small volume, long service life, high mechanical strength, convenience in maintenance, small occupied area and gradual popularization and use in medium and small-capacity transformer substations at present. Taking cadmium-nickel battery as an example, the working principle of the alkaline battery is as follows: after the active material of the accumulator plate is charged, the positive plate is nickel hydroxide, and the negative plate is cadmium metal; when the discharge is finished, the positive electrode plate is changed into nickel hydroxide, the negative electrode plate is changed into cadmium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide solution is mostly used as the electrolyte.
Currently, positive and negative electrode materials are respectively filled on a porous nickel-plated steel strip, and then are manufactured into a polar plate by methods of slurry drawing, rolling, sintering, formation or paste coating, drying, tabletting and the like, while the traditional battery steel strip processing generally comprises the steps of punching and nickel plating treatment, and the manufacturing of the positive and negative polar plates is that active substances of the positive and negative electrode materials are respectively filled and fixed on the nickel-plated steel strip. In the power battery, the performance is mainly determined by the quality of the energy storage material, and in the alkaline storage battery, the most important energy storage material is the positive and negative electrode active materials filled on the nickel-plated steel strip, the electrode active materials are required to be attached on the nickel-plated steel strip as much as possible, and the active materials are required to have higher attachment strength on the nickel-plated steel strip, so the capacity of the alkaline storage battery is greatly influenced by the positive and negative electrode plates. At present, with the rapid development of various electronic products, the consumer demands for long endurance and high quality are higher and higher, which prompts the practitioner to produce high-capacity and high-durability batteries, and hopes to improve the capacity and durability of the batteries from all directions.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production process of a nickel-plated steel strip for a rechargeable battery, which enables a planar steel strip to form a three-dimensional shape through piercing processing, so that when the planar steel strip is used as a battery framework, the adhesion amount and the adhesion strength of an active substance coated on a single pole piece can be improved, and the battery capacity is further improved; meanwhile, the solid diffusion of the two-phase interface of the steel strip substrate and the nickel coating is promoted by utilizing the special steps and the heat treatment in the process, and a strong metal bond compound is formed, so that the corrosion resistance of the nickel-plated steel strip is improved, in addition, the process can also refine crystal grains of the steel strip substrate, the mechanical property of the nickel-plated steel strip is further improved, and the durability of the battery is further improved on the whole.
(2) Technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a production process of a nickel-plated steel strip for a rechargeable battery, which comprises the following specific steps: the low-carbon steel strip with the thickness of 0.05-0.2 mm is used as a base material, the low-carbon steel strip is uniformly rolled and punctured by utilizing a concave rolling wheel and a convex rolling wheel which are matched with each other, and the area of a single puncture hole is controlled to be 0.04-0.08 mm2The longitudinal distance between the holes is 0.4-0.9 mm, and the transverse distance between the holes is 0.2-0.6 mm, so that the piercing steel strip is obtained; then, carrying out electrolytic degreasing, acid washing and activation treatment on the pierced steel strip, and electroplating and depositing a nickel coating with the thickness of 1.0-5.0 mu m on the surface of the pierced steel strip to obtain the pierced nickel-plated steel strip; and then, placing the puncture nickel-plated steel strip in a vacuum furnace, heating at a speed of increasing the temperature by 30 ℃ every 10 minutes, stopping heating when the temperature reaches 650-680 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours, slowly cooling to 500 ℃ along with the furnace in the vacuum furnace, cooling for 1 hour through air cooling, and cooling to room temperature through water cooling to obtain the nickel-plated steel strip for the rechargeable battery.
Preferably, the control puncture is square; when the puncture holes are square, the steel strip can be maximally plump in three-dimensional shape, the adhesion amount and the adhesion strength of the active substances coated on the pole pieces are maximally improved, and the battery capacity is further maximally improved.
Preferably, the puncture nickel-plated steel strip is placed in a vacuum furnace, the puncture nickel-plated steel strip is heated at a speed of increasing the temperature by 30 ℃ every 10 minutes, the heating is stopped when the temperature reaches 665 ℃, the puncture nickel-plated steel strip is kept at the temperature for 2.5 hours, the puncture nickel-plated steel strip is slowly cooled to 500 ℃ along with the furnace in the vacuum furnace, then the puncture nickel-plated steel strip is cooled for 1 hour through air cooling, and then the puncture nickel-plated steel strip is cooled to room temperature through water cooling, so that the nickel-plated steel; the heat treatment at the specific temperature can optimize the organization structure of the two-phase interface, refine the crystal grains of the steel strip substrate, greatly improve the corrosion resistance and various mechanical properties of the nickel-plated steel strip, and furthest improve the durability of the battery.
(3) Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the process treats the low-carbon steel strip in a rolling and puncturing mode, so that the hole on the steel strip is formed, and the characteristic that the steel strip is not cut off by puncturing treatment is utilized, so that the protrusion is generated on one side of the surface of the steel strip, and the planar steel strip is formed into a three-dimensional shape, so that when the planar steel strip is used as a battery framework, the attachment amount and the attachment strength of an active substance coated on a single pole piece can be improved, and the battery capacity is further improved; secondly, the puncture nickel-plated steel strip is heated at a specific speed and kept at a specific temperature for a certain time, so that the solid of the two-phase interface is fully diffused, and then the puncture nickel-plated steel strip is cooled according to a certain condition, so that a metal bond compound with a strong two-phase interface is formed, the stability of the two-phase interface is ensured, the corrosion resistance of the nickel-plated steel strip is improved, in addition, the process can also refine crystal grains of a steel strip substrate, the mechanical property of the nickel-plated steel strip is further improved, and the durability of the battery is integrally improved; and finally, the shape, the area and the distance between the holes of the punched part are set in a breakthrough way by combining the material and the thickness of the steel strip substrate, and the punched part is matched with subsequent nickel plating and heat treatment, so that the adhesion performance of the nickel-plated steel strip is improved to the maximum extent, and the capacity and the durability of the battery are ensured.
Generally, the process forms a planar steel belt into a three-dimensional shape through piercing processing, so that when the planar steel belt is used as a battery framework, the adhesion amount and the adhesion strength of an active substance coated on a single pole piece can be improved, and the battery capacity is further improved; meanwhile, the solid diffusion of the two-phase interface of the steel strip substrate and the nickel coating is promoted by utilizing the special steps and the heat treatment in the process, and a strong metal bond compound is formed, so that the corrosion resistance of the nickel-plated steel strip is improved, in addition, the process can also refine crystal grains of the steel strip substrate, the mechanical property of the nickel-plated steel strip is further improved, and the durability of the battery is further improved on the whole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved purposes and the effects of the invention easily understood and obvious, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below to further illustrate the invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all the embodiments.
Example 1
The preparation process of the batch of nickel-plated steel strip comprises the following specific steps:
the low-carbon steel strip with the thickness of 0.05mm is used as a base material, the low-carbon steel strip is uniformly rolled and punctured by utilizing a concave rolling wheel and a convex rolling wheel which are matched with each other, the puncturing part of the convex rolling wheel is square, and the area of a single puncturing hole is 0.04mm2Making the longitudinal distance between the holes be 0.4mm and the transverse distance between the holes be 0.2mm to obtain the puncture steel strip; then, carrying out electrolytic degreasing, acid washing and activation treatment on the pierced steel strip, and electroplating and depositing a nickel coating with the thickness of 1.0 mu m on the surface of the pierced steel strip to obtain the pierced nickel-plated steel strip; and then, placing the puncture nickel-plated steel strip in a vacuum furnace, heating at a speed of increasing the temperature by 30 ℃ every 10 minutes, stopping heating when the temperature reaches 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, slowly cooling to 500 ℃ along with the furnace in the vacuum furnace, cooling for 1 hour through air cooling, and cooling to room temperature through water cooling to obtain a nickel-plated steel strip sample 1 for the rechargeable battery.
Example 2
The preparation process of the batch of nickel-plated steel strip comprises the following specific steps:
the low-carbon steel strip with the thickness of 0.1mm is used as a base material, the low-carbon steel strip is uniformly rolled and punctured by utilizing a concave rolling wheel and a convex rolling wheel which are matched with each other, the puncturing part of the convex rolling wheel is square, and the area of a single puncturing hole is 0.0525mm2Making the longitudinal distance between the holes be 0.7mm and the transverse distance between the holes be 0.5mm to obtain the puncture steel strip; then, carrying out electrolytic degreasing, acid washing and activation treatment on the pierced steel strip, and electroplating and depositing a nickel coating with the thickness of 2.5 mu m on the surface of the pierced steel strip to obtain the pierced nickel-plated steel strip; and then, placing the puncture nickel-plated steel strip in a vacuum furnace, heating at a speed of increasing the temperature by 30 ℃ every 10 minutes, stopping heating when the temperature reaches 665 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2.5 hours, slowly cooling to 500 ℃ along with the furnace in the vacuum furnace, cooling for 1 hour through air cooling, and cooling to room temperature through water cooling to obtain a nickel-plated steel strip sample 2 for the rechargeable battery.
Example 3
The preparation process of the batch of nickel-plated steel strip comprises the following specific steps:
the low-carbon steel strip with the thickness of 0.2mm is used as a base material, the low-carbon steel strip is uniformly rolled and punctured by utilizing a concave rolling wheel and a convex rolling wheel which are matched with each other, the puncturing part of the convex rolling wheel is square, and the area of a single puncturing hole is 0.08mm2Making the longitudinal distance between the holes be 0.9mm and the transverse distance between the holes be 0.6mm to obtain the puncture steel strip; then, carrying out electrolytic degreasing, acid washing and activation treatment on the pierced steel strip, and electroplating and depositing a nickel coating with the thickness of 5.0 mu m on the surface of the pierced steel strip to obtain the pierced nickel-plated steel strip; and then, placing the puncture nickel-plated steel strip in a vacuum furnace, heating at a speed of increasing the temperature by 30 ℃ every 10 minutes, stopping heating when the temperature reaches 680 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, slowly cooling to 500 ℃ along with the furnace in the vacuum furnace, cooling for 1 hour through air cooling, and cooling to room temperature through water cooling to obtain a nickel-plated steel strip sample 3 for the rechargeable battery.
Test comparison and results:
taking samples 1, 2 and 3 of the nickel-plated steel strip and sample 4 obtained by the current common process, respectively, the corrosion resistance and the compactness of the nickel-plated layer of the four nickel-plated steel strips under the GB/T6461 standard obtain the following results:
the corrosion resistance protection of the nickel-plated steel strip samples 1, 2 and 3 is respectively 8 grades, the corrosion resistance protection of the nickel-plated steel strip sample 4 is also 7 grades, and the corrosion resistance of the nickel-plated steel strip sample is equivalent to that of the nickel-plated steel strip sample 4;
the nickel plating layers of the nickel-plated steel strip samples 1, 2 and 3 are compact and uniform, while the nickel plating layer of the nickel-plated steel strip sample 4 is compact and uniform, but small flaws are occasionally generated, and the compactness of comparison of the two has no great difference.
Then respectively taking a sample 1, a sample 2 and a sample 3 of the nickel-plated steel strip, obtaining a sample I, a sample II and a sample III of the cadmium-nickel alkaline storage battery through the current common proportioning and process production, and obtaining a sample IV of the cadmium-nickel alkaline storage battery through the current common same proportioning and process production, respectively carrying out corresponding test and comparison on the storage capacities of the four cadmium-nickel alkaline storage batteries, and obtaining the following results:
the average storage capacity of the samples I, II and III is larger than that of the sample II, the storage capacity of the sample I is larger than 12% of that of the sample II, the storage capacity of the sample II is larger than 15% of that of the sample II, and the storage capacity of the sample III is larger than 13% of that of the sample II.
Compared with the existing common nickel-plated steel strip, the battery prepared by the nickel-plated steel strip produced by the technical scheme has obviously higher battery capacity, and the process can improve the corrosion resistance of the nickel-plated steel strip, refine crystal grains of a steel strip substrate, further improve the mechanical property of the nickel-plated steel strip and integrally improve the durability of the battery.
Having thus described the principal technical features and basic principles of the invention, and the advantages associated therewith, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description is described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such descriptions are provided for clarity only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein can be combined as a whole to form other embodiments as would be understood by those skilled in the art.