CN109009225A - Bone detection method, device and borne densitometers - Google Patents
Bone detection method, device and borne densitometers Download PDFInfo
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- CN109009225A CN109009225A CN201810825760.4A CN201810825760A CN109009225A CN 109009225 A CN109009225 A CN 109009225A CN 201810825760 A CN201810825760 A CN 201810825760A CN 109009225 A CN109009225 A CN 109009225A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0875—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings for diagnosis of bone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bone detection method, device, borne densitometers and readable storage medium storing program for executing, and wherein method includes: and controls ultrasonic probe to emit shear wave to specified bone；Receive the echo of ultrasonic probe；The cancellous bone of specified bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone are obtained according to echo.Severe energy losses caused by waveform is converted will not occur for the shear wave that ultrasonic probe issues, this means that the shear wave for having more energy can be incident in bone, and the signal-to-noise ratio of echo is improved, more accurate to the measurement result of bone when being incident in bone.In addition, spread speed of the shear wave in bone will be lower than longitudinal wave, the about half of longitudinal wave, so for the longitudinal wave of identical frequency and shear wave, the echo-signal wavelength of shear wave is shorter, that is to say, that the echo resolution ratio of shear wave is higher, also just more accurate to the judgement of bone inner boundary.To sum up, carrying out bone detection using shear wave can effectively ensure that the accuracy and stability of skeleton density measurement result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bone surgery the field of medical instrument technology, and in particular to a kind of bone detection method, device, bone are close
Spend instrument and readable storage medium storing program for executing.
Background technique
Ultrasound have the advantages that it is lossless, real-time, cheap, without ionising radiation and portable, thus the pole in terms of sclerotin diagnosis
Have potentiality.The ultrasonic bone density instrument having already appeared currently on the market, principle be by measurement the velocity of sound and broadband ultrasonic attenuation this two
A parameter, to measure bone density.Commercial ultrasonic bone density instrument, which is substantially based on Ultrasonic logging method, at present realizes, such as Fig. 1
Shown, this measuring device needs a hair one to receive two probes, and bone is required to be located between two probes.And in pedicle of vertebral arch screw
When nail merging, need to detect in the screw way that probe is protruded into narrow (internal diameter 3-7mm) as shown in Figure 2, Ultrasonic logging method
Construction be difficult to realize in the narrow screw way of pedicle of vertebral arch, therefore the detection mode based on MEASUREMENT OF ULTRASONIC BACKSCATTERING method is attempted for vertebra
Assisting navigation inside nut.
In a first aspect, having using 2.5MHz forward sight and side-looking ultrasound probe, it is respectively implanted the pedicle screw trajectory of sheep vertebra
Research, tentatively shown that probe is close and penetrate on the inside of pedicle of vertebral arch and in front of centrum cortex bone echo amplitude characteristic, have
Very high reference significance；Second aspect also has the ultrasonic transducer to different frequency between 0.5-3.5MHz in Intrapyramidal sound
The research of the difference of wave velocity of wave, acoustic attenuation, scattering etc. can observe apparent early warning at cortex bone 0.6cm
Signal.The above result of study shows that low frequency longitudinal wave ultrasound, which can be used, navigates to pedicle screw fixation operation operation.But
There are some problems when miniature ultrasonic probe based on longitudinal wave detects pedicle of vertebral arch.Firstly, what miniature ultrasonic probe generated
Waveform conversion occurs when longitudinal wave incidence bone, causes shear wave energy loss serious.When longitudinal wave is mapped in solid from liquid is oblique,
Waveform conversion can occur in solids, obtain longitudinal wave and shear wave.Fig. 3 shows the wave occurred when longitudinal wave enters jetting-bone interface
Shape conversion.When incidence angle < 21.85 °, the shear wave energy being incident in bone is sharply reduced with the increase of angle.Work as incidence
When angle=21.85 °, the energy of longitudinal wave is totally reflected.When 21.85 ° < incidence angle < 64.64 °, most shear wave energies with
The form of shear wave is incident in bone.Due to pedicle screw trajectory inner surface out-of-flatness, incidence angle situation bigger than normal necessarily occurs, then
The problem of due to waveform conversion, it is serious to will lead to incident shear wave energy loss, and it is very low to eventually lead to echo-signal signal-to-noise ratio, from
And affect the accuracy and stability of measurement result.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of bone detection method, device, borne densitometers and readable storage mediums
Matter, to solve the problems, such as that the measurement result in the prior art with ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection skeleton density is unstable.
According in a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of bone detection methods, comprising: control ultrasonic probe to finger
Determine bone transmitting shear wave；Receive the echo of ultrasonic probe；The cancellous bone of specified bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone are obtained according to echo
Degree.
Optionally, before control ultrasonic probe emits shear wave to specified bone, further includes: obtain the pressure value of spring leaf；
Wherein, ultrasonic probe is set to the first face of spring leaf, and the second face of spring leaf is provided with foil gauge；It is pre- to determine that pressure value is greater than
If pressure value.
According to second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of bone detection devices, comprising: transmitting module, for controlling
Ultrasonic probe processed emits shear wave to specified bone；Receiving module, for receiving the echo of ultrasonic probe；First obtains module, uses
In the thickness for the cancellous bone and/or cortex bone for obtaining specified bone according to echo.
Optionally, device further include: second obtains module, for obtaining the pressure value of spring leaf；Wherein, ultrasonic probe is set
It is placed in the first face of spring leaf, the second face of spring leaf is provided with foil gauge；Determining module, for determining that it is default that pressure value is greater than
Pressure value.
According to the third aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of borne densitometers, comprising: at least one processor；And
The memory being connect at least one processor communication；Wherein, memory is stored with the instruction that can be executed by a processor, refers to
Order is executed by least one processor, so that at least one processor executes any one reality of first aspect or first aspect
Apply the bone detection method in mode.
Optionally, further includes: processor is connect with ultrasonic probe by conducting wire, for controlling ultrasonic probe to specified bone
Emit shear wave；Spring leaf, wherein ultrasonic probe is set to the first face of spring leaf；Foil gauge is set to the second of spring leaf
Face is connect with processor.
Optionally, further includes: shell, processor are set to inside the portion of the handle of shell；Spring leaf is set to shell
Extension.
Optionally, further includes: indicator light is connect with processor, is set to the surface of shell, for issuing instruction pressure value
Greater than the indication signal of preset pressure value；And/or display screen, it is connect with processor, the surface of shell is set to, for showing
Obtain the cancellous bone for the specified bone that module obtains and/or the thickness of cortex bone.
It is described computer-readable the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of computer readable storage medium according to fourth aspect
Storage medium stores computer instruction, and the computer instruction is for making the computer execute first aspect or first aspect
Any one embodiment described in bone detection method.
Technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, has the advantages that
1. the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of bone detection method, device, borne densitometers and readable storage medium storing program for executing,
In, this method comprises: control ultrasonic probe emits shear wave to specified bone；Receive the echo of ultrasonic probe；It is obtained according to echo
The cancellous bone of specified bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone.Using the ultrasonic probe of transmitting shear wave, simultaneously to specified bone transmitting shear wave
Echo is received, is calculated according to echo and obtains the cancellous bone of the bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone.Different from longitudinal wave, shear wave is entering
When being mapped in bone, severe energy losses caused by waveform is converted will not occur, this means that the shear wave for having more energy can
To be incident in bone, the signal-to-noise ratio of echo is improved, more accurate to the measurement result of bone.In addition, biography of the shear wave in bone
Broadcasting speed will be lower than longitudinal wave, the about half of longitudinal wave, then shear wave returns for the longitudinal wave of identical frequency and shear wave
Wave signal wavelength is shorter, that is to say, that the echo resolution ratio of shear wave is higher, also just more accurate to the judgement of bone inner boundary.It is comprehensive
On, carrying out bone detection using shear wave can effectively ensure that the accuracy and stability of skeleton density measurement result.
2. wherein method includes: that control ultrasound is visited the embodiment of the invention provides another bone detection method and device
Head emits to specified bone before shear wave, further includes: obtains the pressure value of spring leaf；Wherein, ultrasonic probe is set to spring leaf
The first face, the second face of spring leaf is provided with foil gauge；Determine that pressure value is greater than preset pressure value.By monitoring ultrasonic probe
Pressure size between bone, it can be ensured that ultrasonic probe is good fit with bone surface during shear wave is received and dispatched,
The shear wave for avoiding ultrasonic probe sending just occurs reflection in bone surface and generates echo, influences measurement result, improves measurement result
Stability.
Detailed description of the invention
The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, and attached drawing is schematically without that should manage
Solution is carries out any restrictions to the present invention, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic device that Ultrasonic logging method measures bone density；
Fig. 2 is pedicle screw trajectory CT figure；
Fig. 3 is the energy accounting variation diagram that longitudinal wave is slanted through that each section when waveform conversion occurs for bone；
Fig. 4 is longitudinal wave oblique incidence through the schematic diagram of waveform conversion occurs when solid；
Fig. 5 is a kind of flow chart of bone detection method in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of borne densitometers in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of bone detection device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is a kind of another structural schematic diagram of borne densitometers in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not having
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Currently used ultrasonic probe is to make longitudinal wave is oblique to be mapped on interface, realizes that shear wave is visited by waveform conversion
Wound, as shown in figure 4, longitudinal wave is totally reflected when incidence angle is between the first, second critical angle, only reflected in second medium
Shear wave.
According in a first aspect, as shown in figure 5, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of bone detection methods, comprising:
Step S10, control ultrasonic probe emit shear wave to specified bone.
Step S20 receives the echo of ultrasonic probe.
Step S30 obtains the cancellous bone of specified bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone according to echo.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, carrying out ultrasonic wave to specified bone using the ultrasonic probe 1 of transmitting shear wave
Transmitting, then the echo that shear wave generates in specified bone is received, since cancellous bone is different with the density of cortex bone in bone, the two
Acoustic impedance difference it is also very big, can according in bone acoustic velocity, acoustic attenuation, in terms of difference, determine bone
The thickness of bone cancellous bone and/or cortex bone.
In a specific embodiment, such as to the pedicle screw trajectory in Fig. 2 it measures: can be by searching for existing number
According to library, the pedicle anatomy that can also be detected in advance to needs is measured, to obtain the transverse wave speed in the pedicle screw trajectory.
Specifically, the bone sample for obtaining known thickness in specified bony areas first, using echo method, when according to the propagation of echo
Between, velocity of wave of the shear wave in sample bone is calculated, is then based on this data, recycling echo method goes to be calculated tested
The thickness of bone.It is that miniature ultrasonic probe is used to carry out shear wave every certain depth when being punched to the pedicle of vertebral arch
Transmitting-receiving is obtained from A point to each position of G point to the distance of direction bottom.
Such as the thickness measure in Fig. 2 pedicle screw trajectory, need for ultrasonic probe to be bonded in screw way bone surface to its into
The transmitting-receiving of row ultrasonic wave, according to longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe, since transmitting shear wave energy size is related with the volume of ultrasonic probe, and
Longitudinal wave also occurs that waveform is converted in incident bone, causes shear wave energy loss serious, generates the signal-to-noise ratio of echo in longitudinal wave
In imperfect situation, miniature ultrasonic probe can not just provide the longitudinal wave of higher energy also to improve signal-to-noise ratio.
Firstly, severe energy losses caused by waveform is converted when being incident in bone, will not occur for shear wave, this is meant that
Compared with the longitudinal wave of same energy, shear wave has more energy that can be incident in bone, receives the signal-to-noise ratio of echo therefore obtains
It improves, the measurement result of bone thickness is also just more accurate.Secondly, spread speed of the shear wave in bone will be lower than longitudinal wave, it is about vertical
The half of wave, then the echo-signal wavelength of shear wave is shorter for the longitudinal wave of identical frequency and shear wave, that is to say, that
The echo resolution ratio of shear wave is higher, also just more accurate to the judgement of bone inner boundary.Therefore, the bone provided in the embodiment of the present invention
Bone detection method is emitted shear wave to specified bone and is received echo using the ultrasonic probe of transmitting shear wave, is obtained according to echo calculating
The cancellous bone of the bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone are taken, carrying out bone detection using shear wave can effectively ensure that skeleton density is surveyed
Measure the accuracy and stability of result.
As optional embodiment, before step S10, further includes:
Step S01 obtains the pressure value of spring leaf.Wherein, ultrasonic probe is set to the first face of spring leaf, spring leaf
Second face is provided with foil gauge.
Step S02 determines that pressure value is greater than preset pressure value.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, spring leaf 2 is memory alloy spring piece, for placing miniature ultrasonic probe 1,
And certain pressure is provided in detection.Miniature ultrasonic probe 1 is fitted in the front of spring leaf 2, while at the back side of spring leaf 2
Foil gauge 3 is posted, the working principle of foil gauge 3 is that conductor or semiconductor material generate mechanically deform under the action of external force
When, resistance value changes accordingly, therefore the pressure value that can be used between real-time monitoring ultrasonic probe 1 and bone.When
When pressure value reaches the size of preset pressure value, starting ultrasonic probe 1 starts the transmitting-receiving process of shear wave.Since ultrasonic shear waves can only
It propagates, can not be propagated in gas and liquid in solids, if ultrasonic probe does not fit closely with bone surface, then ultrasound is visited
Head will be unable to receive echo, also just be unable to complete detection.It, can be true by the pressure size between monitoring ultrasonic probe and bone
It is good fit with bone surface that ultrasonic probe, which is protected, during shear wave is received and dispatched, to improve the stability of measurement result.
As shown in fig. 7, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of bone detection devices, comprising: transmitting module 71, receiving module
72 and first obtain module 73, in which:
Transmitting module 71 emits shear wave to specified bone for controlling ultrasonic probe；Receiving module 72 is for receiving ultrasonic spy
The echo of head；First, which obtains module 73, is used to obtain the cancellous bone of specified bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone according to echo.
As optional embodiment, device further include:
Second obtains module 74, for obtaining the pressure value of spring leaf；Wherein, ultrasonic probe is set to the first of spring leaf
Second face in face, spring leaf is provided with foil gauge；Determining module 75, for determining that pressure value is greater than preset pressure value.
The further function description of above-mentioned modules is identical as above-mentioned corresponding embodiment, and details are not described herein.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of borne densitometers, as shown in figure 8, the borne densitometers may include processor 81
With memory 82, wherein processor 81 can be connected with memory 82 by bus or other modes, to pass through bus in Fig. 7
For connection.
Processor 81 can be central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU).Processor 81 can be with
For other general processors, digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), specific integrated circuit
(Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate array (Field-
Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) either other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic,
The combination of the chips such as discrete hardware components or above-mentioned all kinds of chips.
Memory 82 is used as a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, can be used for storing non-transient software program, non-
Transient computer executable program and module.The non-transient software journey that processor 81 is stored in memory 82 by operation
Sequence, instruction and module, thereby executing the various function application and data processing of processor, i.e. realization above method embodiment
In bone detection method.
Memory 82 may include storing program area and storage data area, wherein storing program area can storage program area,
Application program required at least one function；It storage data area can the data etc. that are created of storage processor 81.In addition, storage
Device 82 may include high-speed random access memory, can also include non-transient memory, for example, at least a magnetic disk storage
Part, flush memory device or other non-transient solid-state memories.In some embodiments, it includes relative to place that memory 82 is optional
The remotely located memory of device 81 is managed, these remote memories can pass through network connection to processor 81.The reality of above-mentioned network
Example includes but is not limited to internet, intranet, local area network, mobile radio communication and combinations thereof.
One or more of modules are stored in the memory 82, when being executed by the processor 81, are executed
Bone detection method in embodiment as shown in Figure 4.
As optional embodiment, processor is connect with ultrasonic probe by conducting wire, for controlling ultrasonic probe to finger
Determine bone transmitting shear wave；Spring leaf, wherein ultrasonic probe is set to the first face of spring leaf；Foil gauge is set to spring leaf
Second face, connect with controller.
As optional embodiment, borne densitometers further include: shell, processor are set in the portion of the handle of shell
Portion；Spring leaf is set to the extension of shell.
As optional embodiment, borne densitometers further include: indicator light is connect with controller, is set to the table of shell
Face, the indication signal for being greater than preset pressure value for issuing instruction pressure value；And/or display screen, it connect, is arranged with processor
In the surface of shell, the cancellous bone for the specified bone that module obtains and/or the thickness of cortex bone are obtained for showing.
In the present embodiment, indicator light is bipod dichromatic LED or three foot dichromatic LEDs.Work as pressure value
When greater than preset pressure value, for example, by using be bipod dual-colored LED, the pole P of green LED is connect with positive pole at this time, the pole N with
Power cathode connection, glow green；And pressure value is when being less than or equal to preset pressure value, the pole P of red LED and positive pole connect
It connects, the pole N is connect with power cathode, burn red.The height of LED pin is specifically realized by the circuit logic inside processor 4
Low level input.And/or display screen directly displays the cancellous bone and/or cortex bone of specified bone that processor 4 is calculated
Thickness.
As optional embodiment, device further include:
Shell 5, processor 4 are located inside the portion of the handle of shell 5；Ultrasonic probe 1 is located at shell 5 and specified bone-contact
Part；
Wherein, processor 4 is connect with ultrasonic probe 1 by conducting wire 6.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, processor 4 can be a singlechip chip, what which realized
Function has: controlling opening or closing for ultrasonic probe；It receives and simple process ultrasonic probe receives echo data, calculate bone
The thickness of cancellous bone and cortex bone；Control LED shine etc..As shown in Figure 6, upper end is portion of the handle to shell 5, and lower end is can be with
The slender pipeline in narrow screw way as shown in Figure 2 is protruded into, is conducting wire inside pipeline.Spring leaf 2 connects in the case where illustrating pipeline, and ultrasound is visited
On spring leaf front top, foil gauge is arranged at the spring leaf back side for first 1 setting.
Above-mentioned borne densitometers detail can be corresponded to refering to associated description corresponding in embodiment shown in fig. 4 to fig. 6
Understood with effect, details are not described herein again.
It is that can lead to it will be understood by those skilled in the art that realizing all or part of the process in above-described embodiment device
Computer program is crossed to instruct relevant hardware and complete, the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium
In, the program is when being executed, it may include such as the process of the embodiment of above-mentioned each device.Wherein, the storage medium can for magnetic disk,
CD, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access
Memory, RAM), flash memory (Flash Memory), hard disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviation: HDD) or solid state hard disk
(Solid-State Drive, SSD) etc.；The storage medium can also include the combination of the memory of mentioned kind.
Although being described in conjunction with the accompanying the embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art can not depart from the present invention
Spirit and scope in the case where various modifications and variations can be made, such modifications and variations are each fallen within by appended claims institute
Within the scope of restriction.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of bone detection method characterized by comprising
It controls ultrasonic probe and emits shear wave to specified bone；
Receive the echo of the ultrasonic probe；
The cancellous bone of the specified bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone are obtained according to the echo.
2. bone detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that control ultrasonic probe emits horizontal to specified bone
Before wave, further includes:
Obtain the pressure value of spring leaf；Wherein, the ultrasonic probe is set to the first face of the spring leaf, the spring leaf
Second face is provided with foil gauge；
Determine that the pressure value is greater than preset pressure value.
3. a kind of bone detection device characterized by comprising transmitting module is sent out for controlling ultrasonic probe to specified bone
Penetrate shear wave；
Receiving module, for receiving the echo of the ultrasonic probe；
First obtains module, for obtaining the cancellous bone of the specified bone and/or the thickness of cortex bone according to the echo.
4. bone detection device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Second obtains module, for obtaining the pressure value of spring leaf；Wherein, the ultrasonic probe is set to the of the spring leaf
On one side, the second face of the spring leaf is provided with foil gauge；
Determining module, for determining that the pressure value is greater than preset pressure value.
5. a kind of borne densitometers characterized by comprising at least one processor；And it is logical at least one described processor
Believe the memory of connection；Wherein, the memory is stored with the instruction that can be executed by one processor, and described instruction is by institute
The execution of at least one processor is stated, so that at least one described processor executes any bone in the claims 1-2
Bone detection method.
6. borne densitometers according to claim 5, which is characterized in that further include:
The processor is connect with ultrasonic probe by conducting wire, emits shear wave to specified bone for controlling the ultrasonic probe；
Spring leaf, wherein the ultrasonic probe is set to the first face of the spring leaf；
Foil gauge is set to the second face of the spring leaf, is connected to the processor.
7. borne densitometers according to claim 5, which is characterized in that further include:
Shell, the processor are set to inside the portion of the handle of the shell；
The spring leaf is set to the extension of the shell.
8. borne densitometers according to claim 5, which is characterized in that further include:
Indicator light is connected to the processor, and is set to the surface of the shell, indicates that the pressure value is greater than institute for issuing
State the indication signal of preset pressure value；And/or
Display screen is connected to the processor, for show it is described acquisition module obtain the specified bone cancellous bone and/
Or the thickness of cortex bone.
9. a kind of computer readable storage medium, is stored thereon with computer instruction, which is characterized in that the instruction is by the processing
Any bone detection method in the claims 1-2 is realized when device executes.
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| CN201810825760.4A CN109009225A (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2018-07-25 | Bone detection method, device and borne densitometers |
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