CN109001846A - A kind of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY rains S-band and method is surveyed in X-band radar networking - Google Patents
A kind of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY rains S-band and method is surveyed in X-band radar networking Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of rain S-band and the X-band radar networkings of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY to survey method, comprising the following steps: step 1, radar reflectivity space grating are formatted processing;The judgement of step 2, weather situation;Overlapping region weighted judgment under step 3, MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY;Non-overlapping Domain data determine under step 4, MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY;Step 5, rainfall inverting.The present invention is compensated for a certain extent because caused by Mountain Area rainfall observation condition is poor, precipitation station is sparse the problems such as rainfall shortage of data, the rain detection with radar precision under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY will be promoted, provides reliable data supporting for the basin storm flood early-warning and predicting of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rainy S-bands of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY and X-band radar networking to survey method, belongs to radar detection
Field is mainly used for meteorological and hydraulic department and carries out rainfall monitoring, the work of storm flood early-warning and predicting.
Background technique
China Mountain Area area accounts for about the 2/3 of national territorial area, complicated topographical conditions.Due to Mountain Area slope Gao Gushen, encounter
When heavy rainfall, confluence is produced fastly, the characteristics of breaking of rising suddenly and sharply is presented in flood more, and mountain flood is caused to take place frequently.In addition Mountain Area is current
Rainfall monitoring station net coverage rate is low, brings very big difficulty to the early-warning and predicting of mountain flood from rainstorm, seriously threatens people's life wealth
Produce safety.The rainfall monitoring for promoting Mountain Area is horizontal, has for raising mountain flood from rainstorm early-warning and predicting ability very important
Function and significance.
But precipitation station higher cost is built on a large scale in Mountain Area at present, and operation and maintenance are difficult, it is not very practical, and thunder
Up to compared to precipitation station Single Point Surveying have certain advantage: (1) rain detection with radar wide coverage, it can be achieved that rainfall Space View
It surveys;(2) it is high to survey rain data spatial and temporal resolution;(3) operation and maintenance and management are more concentrated convenient.Therefore radar becomes rain in recent years
One of the important means of discharge observation.However, different types of radar feature is different, the S-band Doppler day laid domestic at present
Gas radar range is remote, and spatial resolution is relatively low, and Mountain Area is easy to be blocked by atural object, and there are biggish observation is blind
Area;X-band rain detection radar detection range is short, and spatial resolution is high, and installation position is more flexible.2 seed type radars independently carry out rain
Discharge observation is more universal, but networking observation of the different type radar under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY is not much and sees how sufficiently to send out
The rainfall observation advantage of 2 kinds of radars is waved, realizes that the networking observation of different type radar, the rainfall improved under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY are seen
Survey precision, it is also necessary to further further investigation.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of rainy S-bands of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY and X-band radar networking to survey method, the skill solved
Art problem is to make full use of the detection advantage of S-band and X-band radar, realizes that the rainy radar network composite of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY is surveyed,
Under the premise of reducing or eliminating observation blind area, the precision for surveying rain is improved.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following scheme:
A kind of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY rains S-band and method is surveyed in X-band radar networking, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, radar reflectivity space grating are formatted processing;
The judgement of step 2, weather situation;
Overlapping region weighted judgment under step 3, MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY;
Non-overlapping Domain data determine under step 4, MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY;
Step 5, rainfall inverting.
Further, the reflectivity data in step 1 derives from S-band and X-band radar, and reflectivity data is that radar is different
Spacescan result under the elevation angle.
Further, the covering radius of the S-band Doppler radar in step 1 is usually no more than 230km, radar data
Radial resolving power be about 1km, observation data can preferably reflect local weather situation and development;X-band rain detection radar
Covering radius is usually no more than 60km, and the radial resolving power of radar data is generally 45-150m, and laying addressing is relatively flexible, small
The survey rain precision of range is higher.
Further, in step 1 radar reflectivity space grating format processing be by under spherical coordinate system radar reflectivity processing
Resolution ratio at raster data under cartesian coordinate system, and unified two kinds of radar reflectivitys is 1km × 1km.
Further, the reflectivity and diameter that the judgment basis of weather situation is S-band radar in step 2 are aweather and X-band
The reflectivity of radar.By the S-band radar reflectivity figure of different moments, the type and typical calamity of Convective Storms can be differentiated
Evil property convection weather;Since resolution ratio is higher, by the X-band radar reflectance map of different moments, can effectively judge small
The weather system of scale, it is significant for generation, the development of convection current;Make full use of S-band radar to Study of Meso Scale Weather system
The observation advantage and X-band radar of system can effectively monitor generation and the hair of heavy rain to the observation advantage of small scale weather system
Exhibition.Aweather by the diameters of different moments, current wind field information can be effectively obtained, while can be analyzed by radial wind information big
The big aerodynamic characteristics such as the divergence and vorticity of convergence, divergence, rotation of gas etc. and quantitative estimation cyclone.Different weather situation
Under, S-band is different from the X-band radar scanning weather situation coefficient of overlapping region.Weather situation is more complicated, for prominent X-band
The high feature of radar accuracy, corresponding weather situation coefficient is bigger, and the weather situation coefficient of S-band radar is smaller;Weather
Situation more tends towards stability, the judgement advantage for prominent S-band radar to Study of Meso Scale Weather situation and its development, corresponding weather
Situation coefficient is bigger, and the weather situation coefficient of X-band radar is smaller.According to the complexity of weather situation, it is classified as four
A type: conventional monomer storm, multi-cell storm, squall line, Supercell storm, and all types of weather situations can be with the time
Passage and mutual inversion of phases, corresponding weather situation coefficient section see the table below:
Weather patterns | S-band coefficient | X-band coefficient |
Conventional monomer storm | 1.20-1.35 | 0.70-0.80 |
Multi-cell storm | 1.10-1.20 | 0.80-0.90 |
Squall line | 0.90-1.00 | 1.10-1.15 |
Supercell storm | 0.80-0.90 | 1.15-1.25 |
Further, the method for determining weight is taken in the overlapping region of S-band and X-band radar coverage area in step 3, i.e., certain
The reflectivity of one grid is codetermined by S-band and the observation data of X-band radar, and weight is respectively α and β (alpha+beta=1).Power
Weight values by radar station between observation position at a distance from, the average topography gradient in radar coverage, spatial resolution, observation miss
The influence of difference, and comprehensively consider weather situation.The reflectivity weight of a certain grid is inversely proportional with distance and terrain slope is at anti-
Than, it is directly proportional to spatial resolution, be inversely proportional with observation error, be that the static of weight determines;Weather situation be it is continually changing,
Therefore the weight is that dynamic determines.
Further, the method for determining weight is also taken in the overlapping region in step 3 between identical band radar, but weighted value is only
By radar station between observation position at a distance from, the average topography gradient in radar coverage influenced.The reflection of a certain grid
Rate weight is inversely proportional with distance, is inversely proportional with terrain slope.
Further, Non-overlapping Domain includes: (1) blocking due to Mountain Area atural object in step 4, and S-band radar can not be swept
The region retouched;(2) since sweep radius is small, region that X-band radar can not cover.For Non-overlapping Domain (1), reflectivity number
According to being obtained completely by X-band radar, for Non-overlapping Domain (2), reflectivity data is obtained by S-band radar completely.The reflection
Rate is the raster data in step 1, under processed cartesian coordinate system.
Further, step 5 carries out radar rainfall inverting, to be dropped using the relational expression of radar reflectivity and raininess
Rain data.
The rainy S-band of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY of the present invention is surveyed method with X-band radar networking and is had the advantages that
(1) present invention can be reduced the range of Mountain Area rainfall observation blind area, and the good area of condition can be realized the complete of radar
Covering, it is significant for the storm flood monitoring, early warning, prediction ability that promote Mountain Area, especially non-avaible Mountain Area.
(2) present invention can make full use of the survey rain advantage of two kinds of radars, by different radar overlapping regions and non-overlap
The reflectivity in region is handled, and improves the precision that radar network composite surveys rain to a certain extent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: rain schematic diagram is surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking in the present invention.
Fig. 2: vertical gridding interpolation schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 3: radial gridding interpolation schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 4: X-band radar radial resolving power processing in the present invention.
1- terrain shading;2-S band radar scan blind spot boundary;3-S band radar position;4-S band radar covers model
It encloses;5-X band radar coverage area;The overlapping region 6-;7- Non-overlapping Domain.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that interpolation, fusion are spatially carried out to S-band, X-band reflectivity data,
Complete, high quality the reflectivity spatial data in coverage goal region are formed, and pass through rainfall inverting, obtain coverage goal
The rainfall observed result in region.This method will make up that MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY rainfall observation condition is poor, rainfall number to a certain extent
The problems such as according to missing, Mountain Area rainfall observation blind area is reduced or eliminated, promotes the rain detection with radar precision under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY.
Step 1, radar reflectivity space grating are formatted processing;
The judgement of step 2, weather situation;
Overlapping region weighted judgment under step 3, MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY;
Non-overlapping Domain data determine under step 4, MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY;
Step 5, rainfall inverting.
It follows the steps below to implement:
(1) radar reflectivity space grating is formatted processing: setting the coordinate of grid cell under cartesian coordinate system as (αd, βd,
hd), the coordinate of radar website position is (αr, βr, hr), α is latitude, and β is longitude, and h is height above sea level.Under spherical coordinates,
Grid cell is (r, p, γ) relative to the position of radar website, and r is oblique distance, and p is azimuth, and γ is the elevation angle, according to geometry
Theory can obtain:
Sin p=cos (αd)sin(βd-βr)/sin s/R
S=R cos-1(sin(αr)sin(αd)+cos(αr)cos(αd)cos(βd-βr))
In formula, s is distance of the radar website apart from arbitrary mess unit, and R is earth real radius.
If B=sinp:
γ can be calculated by following formula:
In formula, Rm is equivalent earth's radius,
Oblique distance r may be expressed as:
R=sin (s/Rm)(Rm+hd-hr)/cos(γ)。
After the coordinate conversion for realizing grid point, carries out the mode that vertical and horizontal linear interpolation combines and carry out grid turn
It changes, as shown in Figure 2.γ is located at two neighboring elevation angle gamma1With γ2Between.Therefore the value f at grid point (r, p, γ) can by (r, p,
γ1) and (r, p, γ2) value f at two o'clock1And f2It indicates:
F=af1+bf2
In formula, f1For (r, p, γ1) at radar reflectivity value, f2For (r, p, γ2) at radar reflectivity value, a
It is respectively f when calculating f value with b1With f2Weight coefficient.
Further progress radial interpolation, it is contemplated that the beam angle of radar emission, interpolation situation are shown in Fig. 3.Two dotted lines
For wave beam half-power line, ri、ri-1、ri+1For neighbor distance library, pi、pi-1、pi+1For adjacent orientation angle, by half-power line and half away from
The trapezoid area formed from library is riInfluence area therefore all use (r in the point that radial direction and azimuth direction fall in trapezoid areai,
pi) indicate.Wherein, the radial resolving power of S-band radar is 1km, and the radial resolving power of X-band radar is higher than 1km and is therefore
The radial resolving power of Unified S Band and X-band radar data, first by the reflectance value within X-band radar 1km, under
Formula is unified into identical reflectance value:
N=[1/ Δ];
In formula, xiFor reflectance value of the X-band radar at different location i, Δ is the radial resolving power of X-band radar
(unit km), Z1kmFor the X-band radar reflectivity after unified resolution.
Further, latitude and longitude coordinates are converted to horizontal ruler by the conversion for carrying out Gauss plane coordinate system and earth coordinates
Degree is the raster data of 1km × 1km.
(2) judgement of weather situation: under different weather situation, S-band and X-band radar scan overlapping region weather situation
Coefficient section see the table below:
Weather patterns | S-band coefficient | X-band coefficient |
Conventional monomer storm | 1.20-1.35 | 0.70-0.80 |
Multi-cell storm | 1.10-1.20 | 0.80-0.90 |
Squall line | 0.90-1.00 | 1.10-1.15 |
Supercell storm | 0.80-0.90 | 1.15-1.25 |
(3) overlapping region weighted judgment under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY: weighted judgment includes two kinds of situations, first is that S-band and X wave
The weighted judgment of the overlapping region Duan Leida, second is that between identical band radar overlapping region weighted judgment.S-band and X-band
The weight α and β calculation formula of radar overlapping region are as follows:
Wherein, m is S-band Radar Objective Characteristics coefficient of colligation, and n is X-band radar characteristic coefficient of colligation, and τ and τ ' are respectively S wave
The weather situation coefficient of Duan Leida and X-band radar, L and L ' be respectively S-band radar and X-band radar and grid point away from
From the spatial resolution of δ and δ ' respectively S-band radar and X-band radar, θ and θ ' are respectively S-band radar and X-band thunder
Up to the average topography gradient of coverage area, the general observation error of ε and ε ' respectively S-band radar and X-band radar.It is calculating
M, when n, in addition to weather situation coefficient does not do normalized, remaining indices is both needed to be normalized, then calculates m, n
Value.
The weight α of overlapping region and β calculation formula are as follows between identical band radar:
Wherein, L1And L2Respectively different radars are at a distance from grid point, θ1And θ2Respectively different radar coverages
The average topography gradient.
(4) Non-overlapping Domain data determine under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY: Non-overlapping Domain includes two kinds of situations, first is that due to mountain
Hilly area atural object blocks, the region that S-band radar can not scan, second is that since sweep radius is small, what X-band radar can not cover
Region.For the region that S-band radar can not cover, reflectivity data is provided by X-band radar, and X-band can not be covered
The region of lid, reflectivity data are provided by S-band radar.Used reflectivity data is processed flute in step 1
Raster data under karr coordinate system.
(5) rainfall inverting: using the relational expression of radar reflectivity and raininess, radar rainfall inverting is carried out, obtains rainfall
Data, since the resolution ratio of radar reflectivity is 1km × 1km, rainfall data are also 1km × 1km, and calculation formula is as follows:
Z=ARB
Wherein, A and B is parameter, and R is raininess, and Z is reflectivity.
The description that the present invention has been carried out above in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that of the invention realizes not by the limit of aforesaid way
System, as long as using the various improvement that the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention carry out, or not improved by structure of the invention
Think and technical solution directly applies to other occasions, is within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY is rained, method is surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, radar reflectivity space grating are formatted processing;
The judgement of step 2, weather situation;
Overlapping region weighted judgment under step 3, MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY;
Non-overlapping Domain data determine under step 4, MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY;
Step 5, rainfall inverting.
2. MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY according to claim 1 is rained, method is surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking, and feature exists
In: the radar reflectivity in step 1 is converted into cartesian coordinate system by spherical coordinate system, in unified two kinds of radar spatial resolutions
On the basis of, the fine and regular raster data of 1km × 1km is formed in area with a varied topography.
3. MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY according to claim 2 is rained, method is surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking, and feature exists
In: the coordinate of grid cell under cartesian coordinate system is set in step 1 as (αd, βd, hd), the coordinate of radar website position is
(αr, βr, hr), α is latitude, and β is longitude, and h is height above sea level;Under spherical coordinates, position of the grid cell relative to radar website
It is oblique distance for (r, p, γ), r, p is azimuth, and γ is the elevation angle, according to geometry theory, can obtain:
Sin p=cos (αd)sin(βd-βr)/sin s/R
S=R cos-1(sin(αr)sin(αd)+cos(αr)cos(αd)cos(βd-βr))
In formula, s is distance of the radar website apart from arbitrary mess unit, and R is earth real radius.
If B=sinp:
γ can be calculated by following formula:
In formula, Rm is equivalent earth's radius,
Oblique distance r may be expressed as: r=sin (s/Rm)(Rm+hd-hr)/cos(γ)。
4. MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY according to claim 3 is rained, method is surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking, and feature exists
In:
After the coordinate conversion for realizing grid point in step 1, carries out the mode that vertical and horizontal linear interpolation combines and carry out grid
Lattice conversion, γ are located at two neighboring elevation angle gamma1With γ2Between.Therefore the value f at grid point (r, p, γ) can be by (r, p, γ1) and
(r, p, γ2) value f at two o'clock1And f2It indicates:
F=af1+bf2;
In formula, f1For (r, p, γ1) at radar reflectivity value, f2For (r, p, γ2) at radar reflectivity value, a and b points
F when Wei not calculate f value1With f2Weight coefficient;
Carry out radial interpolation calculating, it is contemplated that the beam angle of radar emission, two dotted lines are wave beam half-power line, ri、ri-1、
ri+1For neighbor distance library, pi、pi-1、pi+1It is r by the trapezoid area that half-power line and half-distance library are formed for adjacent orientation anglei
Influence area therefore all use (r in the point that radial direction and azimuth direction fall in trapezoid areai, pi) indicate;Wherein, S-band radar
Radial resolving power be 1km, the radial resolving power of X-band radar is higher than 1km, therefore, for Unified S Band and X-band radar
The radial resolving power of data is unified into identical reflectance value first by the reflectance value within X-band radar 1km according to the following formula:
N=[1/ Δ];
In formula, xiFor reflectance value of the X-band radar at different location i, Δ is the radial resolving power of X-band radar, and unit is
Km, Z1kmFor the X-band radar reflectivity after unified resolution;
Finally, carrying out the conversion of Gauss plane coordinate system and earth coordinates, it is 1km that latitude and longitude coordinates, which are converted to horizontal scale,
The raster data of × 1km.
5. the rainy S-band of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY described in any one of -4 and X-band radar networking survey side according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: S-band is combined with X-band radar in step 2, synthesis is carried out to the weather situation of different scale and is commented
Sentence, and provides the weather situation coefficient section of two kinds of radars;Under different weather situation, S-band and X-band radar scan overlay region
Domain weather situation coefficient section see the table below:
。
6. MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY according to claim 5 is rained, method is surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking, and feature exists
In: in step 3 when calculating S-band and X-band radar overlapping region, comprehensively consider weather situation, distance, spatial discrimination
The influence of rate, terrain slope, observation error factor, when calculating identical band radar overlapping region, it is contemplated that distance, landform slope
The influence of degree, the determination of weight are the results that dynamic is combined with static judgement.
7. MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY according to claim 6 is rained, method is surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking, and feature exists
In: weighted judgment includes two kinds of situations in step 3, first is that the weighted judgment of S-band and X-band radar overlapping region, second is that identical
The weighted judgment of overlapping region between band radar.S-band and the weight α and β calculation formula of X-band radar overlapping region are as follows:
Wherein, m is S-band Radar Objective Characteristics coefficient of colligation, and n is X-band radar characteristic coefficient of colligation, and τ and τ ' are respectively S-band thunder
Up to the weather situation coefficient with X-band radar, L and L ' are respectively S-band radar and X-band radar at a distance from grid point, δ and
δ ' is respectively the spatial resolution of S-band radar and X-band radar, and θ and θ ' are respectively S-band radar and X-band radar covering
The average topography gradient of range, ε and ε ' are respectively the general observation error of S-band radar and X-band radar;When calculating m, n,
In addition to weather situation coefficient does not do normalized, remaining indices is both needed to be normalized, then calculates m, n value;
The weight α of overlapping region and β calculation formula are as follows between identical band radar:
Wherein, L1And L2Respectively different radars are at a distance from grid point, θ1And θ2Respectively different radar coverages are averaged
Terrain slope.
8. MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY according to claim 6 or 7 is rained, method, feature are surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking
Be: Non-overlapping Domain data determine under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY in the step 4: Non-overlapping Domain includes two kinds of situations, first is that
Due to blocking for Mountain Area atural object, the region that S-band radar can not scan, second is that X-band radar can not since sweep radius is small
The region of covering.For the region that S-band radar can not cover, reflectivity data is provided by X-band radar, for X-band
The region that can not be covered, reflectivity data are provided by S-band radar;Used reflectivity data is processed in step 1
Raster data under good cartesian coordinate system.
9. MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY according to claim 8 is rained, method is surveyed in S-band and X-band radar networking, and feature exists
In: using the relational expression of radar reflectivity and raininess, radar rainfall inverting is carried out, to obtain rainfall data;Rainfall in step 5
It is consistent with the spatial resolution of radar reflectivity to measure the rainfall data spatial resolution that inverting obtains, is 1km × 1km, it can not only
Enough required precisions for meeting meteorological upper rainfall monitoring, are also able to satisfy the requirement of storm flood early-warning and predicting in water conservancy.
10. the rainy S-band of MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY described in any one of -9 and X-band radar networking are surveyed according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: rainfall inverting in step 5: using the relational expression of radar reflectivity and raininess, it is anti-to carry out radar rainfall
It drills, obtains rainfall data, since the resolution ratio of radar reflectivity is 1km × 1km, rainfall data are also 1km × 1km, meter
It is as follows to calculate formula:
Z=ARB;Wherein, A and B is parameter, and R is raininess, and Z is reflectivity.
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CN201911187700.5A CN110806607B (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2018-06-20 | Networking rain measuring method for overlapping area of S-band radar and X-band radar under complex terrain condition |
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CN113325422B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-07-29 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Space-based rain radar target positioning and rainfall information three-dimensional processing method and system |
CN115097459B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2024-07-19 | 泰州市气象局 | S and X wave band networking weather radar reflectivity factor interactive verification method and system |
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