CN109001511B - Micro-ammeter - Google Patents
Micro-ammeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109001511B CN109001511B CN201810992424.9A CN201810992424A CN109001511B CN 109001511 B CN109001511 B CN 109001511B CN 201810992424 A CN201810992424 A CN 201810992424A CN 109001511 B CN109001511 B CN 109001511B
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 23
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 11
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
- G01R11/02—Constructional details
- G01R11/04—Housings; Supporting racks; Arrangements of terminals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
- G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a micro-ammeter, which is attached to a micro-breaker and is mechanically connected with the micro-breaker through wedging between surfaces. The micro ammeter comprises a power taking plug and a metering unit, wherein the power taking plug is used for taking power through a binding post locking screw of a spring power taking probe leaning against the micro breaker, and the metering unit is powered through a first electric connector and a second electric connector which are connected in a plugging mode. The micro ammeter can be externally connected with an opening type current transformer, and can be installed without power failure; the piezoresistor module is added in the power taking plug to protect a later-stage circuit, so that the safety performance of the micro-ammeter is improved; the isolation 485 is adopted, so that the anti-interference performance of the circuit can be enhanced. The devices in the circuit board are reasonably arranged, so that the thickness and the size of the micro-ammeter are reduced, the micro-ammeter is miniaturized more, and the existing distribution box or the existing distribution cabinet can be additionally installed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system equipment, in particular to a micro-ammeter.
Background
On the one hand, the country promotes energy conservation and emission reduction work, and a series of technical and economic measures including load control, time-of-use electricity price, step electricity price and the like in the aspect of management of the power demand side are promoted. The promotion of these measures and the improvement of people's environmental awareness promote the electric power customer to strive to acquire the electric energy use data of electrical equipment, take and implement reasonable power management means in order to reduce the consumption of electric energy and the expenditure of electric charge. Typically, an important way for a user to obtain electricity information is the monthly bill for electricity rates. Due to technical limitations, the bill can only inform the user of the total power usage for a certain period of time. The power consumption of each device is obtained as a basis for developing energy-saving work, and the power consumption of each device must be obtained in order to know the composition of the power consumption and the environmental factors affecting the power consumption, to require analysis and implementation of control means to save the power. However, due to lack of professional electricity knowledge and means, power enterprises and users cannot acquire electricity consumption of each device. When users have a question about the quality and metering of the electric energy, only the data of the power supply enterprises can be used, so that the users have a question about the service provided by the power supply enterprises in the using process of the electric energy. The power supply enterprises also need detailed data to provide good quality services to customers.
On the other hand, with the development of the internet of things of the global intelligent manufacturing and power system, the intelligent power utilization, the internet and the intelligent power utilization are in a new power utilization management mode, and the intelligent power utilization is going into the life of people.
A circuit breaker is a switching device capable of closing, carrying and breaking a current under normal circuit conditions and capable of closing, carrying and breaking a current under abnormal circuit conditions for a prescribed time. In the process of electricity generation, transportation and use, power distribution is an extremely important link, a power distribution system comprises a transformer and various high-low voltage electrical equipment, and a low-voltage circuit breaker is an electrical appliance with wide application range in the power distribution link. Whether energy conservation and emission reduction are realized, or intelligent electricity utilization and intelligent electricity utilization are realized, the intelligent electricity utilization management is realized really by acquiring the electric energy utilization data of various electric equipment, and the electric appliances of the electric switch-miniature circuit breaker are not opened.
Miniature circuit breakers are widely used in various fields because of their compact, convenient and intelligent functions. However, the circuit breaker used by the urban power grid, industrial and mining enterprises and common household power grids is still an unintelligible circuit breaker at present, and still stays in the stage of 'dumb equipment'. Therefore, the electric power company and the industrial and mining enterprises need to replace the production and living electric power equipment or the traditional circuit breaker in a large scale in a quite long period of time, the cost is quite high, and great inconvenience is brought to the production and living of the industrial and mining enterprises and residents. On the basis of the original circuit breaker and distribution box, the data acquisition component and the control component are additionally arranged as low as possible, convenient and firm without occupying space, and the power supply of the data acquisition component and the control component is not required to be additionally provided, so that the circuit breaker and the distribution box become an innovative problem which is urgently needed to be solved and has high value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a micro-ammeter.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The micro-ammeter is attached to the micro-breaker and is mechanically connected with the micro-breaker, the micro-ammeter comprises an electricity taking plug and a metering unit, and the electricity taking plug is inserted on the micro-breaker, takes electricity from a binding post locking screw of the micro-breaker and supplies power to the metering unit.
Preferably, the miniature circuit breaker comprises a first connecting surface, a second connecting surface and a binding post locking screw, wherein the first connecting surface is connected with the second connecting surface and is mutually perpendicular, the binding post locking screw is arranged on the first connecting surface, the power taking plug is inserted into the binding post locking screw, and the metering unit is arranged on the second connecting surface; the electricity taking plug and the metering unit are in detachable connection modes which are mutually independent.
Preferably, the power taking plug is detachably connected to the first connection surface, and the power taking plug comprises a power taking shell, a plug board, a spring power taking probe, a first electric connector and a positioning groove; the power taking shell is cuboid, the plug board is clamped inside the power taking shell in an embedded mode, the spring power taking probe and the first electric connector are welded on the plug board, the spring power taking probe and the first electric connector penetrate through the power taking shell and extend out of the power taking shell, the spring power taking probe is abutted to the binding post locking screw in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the spring power taking probe and the first electric connector are respectively located on two adjacent side faces of the power taking shell, and the positioning groove is formed in the middle of the two adjacent first electric connectors and located at the bottom end of the face where the first electric connector is located;
The metering unit is detachably connected to the second connecting surface and comprises a metering shell, a power panel, a metering panel, a 485 interface, a transformer interface and a second electric connector; the metering shell comprises a convex surface, a concave surface and a wedging surface, the convex surface and the concave surface are parallel to each other, the 485 interface and the mutual inductor interface are arranged on the concave surface side by side, the wedging surface is opposite to the concave surface, and the wedging surface and the second connecting surface are wedged; the plug and the limit baffle are integrally arranged on the wedging surface, the plug is embedded in the jack on the second connecting surface and used for blocking the limit baffle on two sides of the second connecting surface, and the plug is embedded in the slot corresponding to the limit baffle on two sides of the second connecting surface; the power panel and the metering panel are both clamped in the metering shell, the metering panel comprises a board-to-board connector seat, a mutual inductor connector seat and a 485 connector seat, and one end of the power panel is provided with a board-to-board connector head; the transformer connector seat and the 485 connector seat are arranged at one end of the metering plate side by side, the plate-to-plate connector seat is close to the transformer connector seat and the 485 connector seat, the power panel and the metering plate are fixedly connected in a mode that the plate-to-plate connector head is embedded in the plate-to-plate connector seat, the metering plate is parallel to the convex surface and the concave surface, and the transformer connector seat and the 485 connector seat on the metering plate respectively pass through the transformer interface and the 485 interface and extend out of the metering shell; the second electric connector is welded on the power panel and penetrates through the metering shell to extend out of the metering shell, the second electric connector is located right above the wedging surface, and the second electric connector is connected with the first electric connector in a plug-in mode;
When the power taking plug is connected with the miniature circuit breaker, the spring power taking probes are abutted against the binding post locking screws in a one-to-one correspondence manner and are electrically connected with the binding post locking screws, and the spring power taking probes take power from the miniature circuit breaker and transmit the power to the first electric connector through the plug board through transformation and conversion; when the wedging surface is embedded on the second connecting surface, the metering unit is connected with the miniature circuit breaker, the first electric connector is connected with the second electric connector in a plug-in mode, the electricity taking plug is clamped between the miniature circuit breaker and the metering unit, and electricity taken by the electricity taking plug from the miniature circuit breaker is supplied to the metering unit through the connected first electric connector and second electric connector.
Preferably, the plug board comprises a piezoresistor module, a full-wave rectifying module and a voltage sampling module; the voltage dependent resistor module is electrically connected with the spring electricity taking probe and used for protecting a later-stage circuit, the full-wave rectifying module is connected with the voltage dependent resistor module and used for full-wave rectifying the taken current to output direct current, and the voltage sampling module is connected with the metering plate through a circuit.
Preferably, the power taking plug comprises a bottom plate and a vertical plate, the bottom plate is perpendicular to the vertical plate, and the piezoresistor module piezoresistor and the diode further comprise 3 piezoresistors and 6 diodes; the piezoresistor is welded on the plug board and is positioned on the same plane with the spring electricity taking probe, the diode is welded on the back surface of the piezoresistor, the piezoresistor is laid on the vertical board, further, the piezoresistor is pressed to be laid on the vertical board at 90 degrees, the diode is laid on the bottom board, further, the diode is pressed to be laid on the bottom board at 90 degrees; the voltage sampling module comprises a resistor network, wherein the resistor network is divided into 3 groups, 2 groups of resistor networks are welded on the vertical plate, and 1 group of resistor networks are welded on the bottom plate; the piezoresistor is a high-energy 10D471 piezoresistor, the diode is a high-voltage rectifying diode R3000 with the withstand voltage of 3KV, and the safety distance between the wiring lines of the plug board is more than 4 mm; the 3 groups of resistor networks used for reducing voltage respectively correspond to three-phase three-wire voltage sampling, the 3 groups of resistor networks are directly welded on the metering board, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct-current voltage output by the full-wave rectifying module after rectification are directly welded on the power panel.
Preferably, the height of the micro-ammeter is not more than 32 mm, the thickness of the micro-ammeter is not more than 25 mm, the width of the micro-ammeter is 18 mm, and the width of the micro-ammeter is the same as the width of the micro-breaker.
Preferably, the spring electricity taking probe on the electricity taking shell comprises a round clamping seat which is formed by integral injection molding, the round clamping seat is a round clamping seat recessed towards the inside of the electricity taking shell, the inner diameter of the round clamping seat is the same as the outer diameter of the binding post locking screw, and the round clamping seat corresponds to the binding post locking screw one by one; the center of the circular clamping seat is fixedly provided with a probe sleeve, the probe sleeve and the spring electricity taking probe are the same in material, and the spring electricity taking probe penetrates through the probe sleeve and is connected with the binding post locking screw; when the spring electricity taking probe passes through the probe sleeve, the plug board is embedded into the first shell to expand the electricity taking shell, so that the spring electricity taking probe is clamped in the electricity taking shell; the outline of the intersection of the electricity taking shell and the first connecting surface is the same, namely the connection of the electricity taking shell and the first connecting surface is jointed; the electricity taking housing comprises a sliding cover, and the sliding cover is opposite to the spring electricity taking probe and is slidably arranged on the electricity taking housing; the metering shell comprises a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell are of separable independent structures, and the connecting surface of the first shell and the second shell is parallel to the wedging surface; the plug of the wedging surface comprises various structures which are used for being matched with different miniature circuit breakers, and the outline of the intersection of the wedging surface and the second connecting surface is the same, namely the junction of the wedging surface and the second connecting surface is jointed.
Preferably, the metering unit comprises a voltage reduction module, a conversion module, a CPU operation processing module, a storage module, a communication module and a power supply module; the electric signal of the power taking plug is processed by the voltage reducing module and then transmitted to the conversion module, the conversion module is electrically connected with the CPU operation processing module, the CPU operation processing module is also electrically connected with the storage module, the communication module and the power module respectively, and the power module supplies power to the communication module and the CPU operation processing module; the power panel comprises a communication module, a power module and an isolation module, wherein the communication module comprises a 485 chip, a protection circuit thereof and a communication port, the power module comprises a direct current voltage stabilizing module and a direct current voltage isolation module, the isolation module is an optical coupling isolation module and is used for isolating the communication module from other modules, the direct current voltage stabilizing module is connected with the 485 protection chip and the protection circuit thereof and is used for supplying power to the 485 protection chip and the protection circuit thereof, and the communication port is electrically connected with the 485 protection chip and the protection circuit thereof; the metering board comprises a voltage reduction module, a CPU operation processing module, an analog-to-digital conversion module and a storage module, wherein the voltage reduction module is a voltage division network and is positioned at the front end of the metering board, the analog-to-digital conversion module is connected with the CPU operation processing module, and the storage module is arranged beside the CPU operation processing module and is connected with the CPU operation processing module.
Preferably, the power panel comprises a voltage reducing module, an isolation module, a conversion module, a 5V power supply and a 3.3V power supply, the voltage reducing module connected with the plug panel is used for reducing voltage of the power, the conversion module is connected with the voltage reducing module and the isolation module, the reduced 5V power supply and the 3.3V power supply are isolated from the voltage reducing module through the isolation module, and the 5V power supply and the 3.3V power supply are both used for supplying power to the 485 connector seat; the 3.3V power supply and the 5V power supply are not grounded together, the 5V power supply is connected with GND1, and the 3.3V power supply is connected with GND; the 485 connector seat adopts a form of an isolated 485 communication interface, and comprises an isolated 485 module and a 485 driving module, wherein the 485 module is powered by a 3.3V power supply, and the 485 driving module is powered by a 5V power supply; the metering board further comprises a virtual simulation ground, wherein the simulation ground is electrically connected with the voltage sampling unit and the transformer connector base through a circuit, and meanwhile, the simulation ground and the GND single point are commonly grounded; the transformer connector base is externally connected with an opening type current transformer.
Preferably, an indicator light is mounted on the top of the second shell; the indicator lamp is inlaid with the lamp housing by using a light guide material.
Compared with the prior art, the micro-ammeter is attached to the micro-breaker and comprises the electricity taking plug and the metering unit, wherein the electricity taking plug and the metering unit are mutually independent replaceable units, and the micro-ammeter is convenient to install and maintain. The electricity taking plug adopts the spring thimble to take electricity from the miniature circuit breaker, and is convenient and safe, and the electricity taking plug and the metering unit are all embedded and wedged with the mating surface corresponding to the miniature circuit breaker, and the installation is firm and just because of the dismantlement. The circuit board design element of the micro ammeter is compact, the arrangement is orderly, the capacitor with larger volume and the piezoresistor are placed in a lying mode, the height of the circuit board is reduced, the space is saved, the volume of the micro ammeter is reduced as much as possible, the miniaturization of the ammeter is more remarkable, and the additional installation of the existing distribution box or the distribution cabinet is realized. The existence of the piezoresistor can protect a later-stage circuit, so that the anti-impact index of the ammeter is improved, and the ammeter is safer to use. The miniature ammeter provides a mutual inductor interface, can be connected with three external current transformers for the three-phase three-wire miniature circuit breaker, the current transformers can be selected along with rated current of the miniature circuit breaker, and the current transformers can be selected to pass through or open. The whole micro-ammeter is small and exquisite, convenient to install and greatly improves safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the attachment of a micro-ammeter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a separation structure of the power plug;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a separation structure of a metering unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the power plug;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the wedging surface;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the metering unit;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of circuit module connections for a micro-ammeter;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power plug;
FIG. 9 is a PCB design of a circuit board of the power plug;
FIG. 10 is a circuit module connection diagram of a metering unit;
FIG. 11 is a PCB design of a metering board;
fig. 12 is a PCB design of a power panel;
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a virtual ground conversion field circuit of a metering unit.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the objects, construction, features, and functions of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a micro-ammeter 2 is attached to a micro-breaker 1 and is mechanically connected with the micro-breaker 1, the micro-ammeter 2 comprises an electricity taking plug 21 and a metering unit 22, the electricity taking plug is plugged in the micro-breaker to take electricity from a binding post locking screw of the micro-breaker, and the metering unit is powered.
In an embodiment, the miniature circuit breaker 1 includes a first connection surface 11, a second connection surface 12 and a terminal locking screw, the first connection surface 11 is connected with the second connection surface 12 and is mutually perpendicular, the terminal locking screw is arranged on the first connection surface 11, the terminal locking screw is of metal texture and the top end is exposed outside so as to be electrically connected with the micro-ammeter 2, the power taking plug 21 is plugged into the terminal locking screw of the first connection surface 11 to take power, the metering unit 22 is arranged on the second connection surface 12, and thus the power taking plug 21 is vertically arranged on two different surfaces with the metering unit 22 without influencing respective installation, and the installation is more convenient.
Further, the power taking plug 21 and the metering unit 22 are all in mutually independent detachable connection modes, namely, the power taking plug 21 and the metering unit 22 can be independently disassembled and assembled, and can be independently disassembled when the micro-ammeter 2 needs maintenance and replacement, and the micro-ammeter is more convenient to assemble and disassemble.
As shown in fig. 1, the power taking plug 21 is detachably connected to the first connection surface 11, and the power taking plug 21 is electrically connected to the miniature circuit breaker 1. As shown in fig. 2, the power taking plug 21 includes a power taking housing 211, a plug board 212, spring power taking probes 213, a first electrical connector 214, and a positioning groove 215. The electricity taking housing 211 is cuboid, the plug board 212 is clamped inside the electricity taking housing 211 in an embedded mode, the spring electricity taking probe 213 and the first electric connector 214 are welded on the plug board 212, the spring electricity taking probe 213 and the first electric connector 214 penetrate through the electricity taking housing 211 to extend out of the electricity taking housing 211, the spring electricity taking probe 213 is abutted to binding post locking screws in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the spring electricity taking probe 213 and the first electric connector 214 are located on two adjacent side faces of the electricity taking housing 211 respectively, and the positioning groove 215 is arranged between the two adjacent first electric connectors 214 and located at the bottom end of the face where the first electric connector 214 is located. When the power taking plug 21 is additionally installed, the spring power taking probes 213 are abutted against the exposed parts of the top ends of the binding post locking screws in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the binding post locking screws and the spring power taking probes 213 are made of conductive metal, so that the power taking plug 21 is electrically connected with the miniature circuit breaker 1, the power taking plug 21 takes power from the miniature circuit breaker 1, and then the power is transmitted to the plug board 212 through the spring power taking probes 213, and the power taken is subjected to subsequent processing.
As shown in fig. 1, the metering unit 22 is detachably connected to the second connection surface 12. As shown in fig. 3, the metering unit 22 includes a metering housing 221, a power board 222, a metering board 223, a 485 interface 224, a transformer interface 225, and a second electrical connector 226. Metering housing 221 includes a convex surface 2211, a concave surface 2212, and a wedging surface 2213, wherein convex surface 2211 and concave surface 2212 are parallel to each other, 485 interface 224 and transformer interface 225 are arranged on concave surface 2212 side by side, wedging surface 2213 is opposite to concave surface 2212, and wedging surface 2213 and second connecting surface 12 are wedged together, so as to fix metering unit 22 on miniature circuit breaker 1. As shown in fig. 5, the wedging surface 2213 is integrally provided with a plug 2214 and a limit baffle 2215, the plug 2214 is embedded in a jack on the second connection surface 12, the limit baffle 2215 used for blocking two sides of the second connection surface 12 is embedded in a slot corresponding to the two sides of the second connection surface 12, the plug 2214 is embedded in a jack of the second connection surface 12, the jack of the second connection surface 12 is expanded to achieve the purpose of fixing, the limit baffle 2215 can enable the metering unit 22 not to shake up and down or left and right, and the metering housing 221 can be further fixed. The power panel 222 and the metering panel 223 are engaged with each other inside the metering housing 221, and can be taken out at any time for inspection and maintenance. The metering board 223 includes a board-to-board connector holder 2231, a transformer connector holder 2232, and a 485 connector holder 2233, and one end of the power board 222 is provided with a board-to-board connector head. The transformer connector bases 2232 and 485 connector base 2233 are installed at one end of the metering plate 223 side by side, so that the transformer connector bases 2232 and 485 connector base 2233 are arranged in a row and located at the end points of the metering plate 223, and after installation, extend out of the shell from the transformer interface 225 and 485 interface 226 of the metering shell 221, so that other devices needed by external connection can be conveniently connected. The board-to-board connector seat 2231 is fixedly connected with the board-to-board connector seat 2232 by embedding the board-to-board connector head in the board-to-board connector seat 2232 closely to the mutual inductor connector seats 2231 and 485 connector seat 2233, the power board 222 and the metering board 223 are connected firmly by plugging the board-to-board connector head, the metering board 223 can be closely connected with the mutual inductor connector seat 2232 and 485 connector seat 2233, the space can be saved to a greater extent, and the volume of the metering unit 22 is reduced. The metering board 223 is parallel to the convex surface 2211 and the concave surface 2212 of the power board 222, and the transformer connector seats 2232 and 485 connector seats 2233 on the metering board 223 respectively penetrate through the transformer interfaces 225 and 485 interfaces 224 and extend out of the metering housing 221, so that other interfaces and devices can be conveniently connected. The second electrical connector 226 is welded on the power panel 222 and extends out of the metering housing 221 through the metering housing 221, the second electrical connector 226 is located right above the wedging surface 2213, the second electrical connector 226 is connected with the first electrical connector 214 in a plug-in manner, the power taking plug 21 and the metering unit 22 are firmly connected together, and meanwhile electricity taken by the power taking plug 21 is transmitted to the metering unit.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, when the power taking plug 21 is connected with the miniature circuit breaker 1, the spring power taking probes 213 are abutted against the binding post locking screws in a one-to-one correspondence manner and are electrically connected with the binding post locking screws, and the spring power taking probes 213 take power from the miniature circuit breaker 1 and transmit the power to the first electric connector 214 through the plug board 212 through transformation and current transformation; when the wedging surface 2213 is inserted into the second connection surface 12, the metering unit 22 is connected to the miniature circuit breaker 1, and the first electrical connector 214 is connected to the second electrical connector 226 by plugging, the power taking plug 21 is clamped between the miniature circuit breaker 1 and the metering unit 22, and the power taken by the power taking plug 21 from the miniature circuit breaker 1 is supplied to the metering unit through the connected first electrical connector 214 and second electrical connector 226.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the plug board 212 includes a varistor module, a full-wave rectifying module, and a voltage sampling module; the piezoresistor module is electrically connected with the spring electricity taking probe and is used for protecting a later-stage circuit, after current is transmitted to the metering unit 22 from the electricity taking plug 21, voltage clamping is carried out when the circuit bears overvoltage through the piezoresistor module, redundant current is absorbed to protect sensitive devices, when the overvoltage occurs between two poles of the piezoresistor, the piezoresistor can clamp the voltage to a relatively fixed voltage value, and therefore protection of the later-stage circuit is achieved, and the later-stage circuit is prevented from being broken down or short-circuited due to overlarge current. The full-wave rectifying module is connected with the piezoresistor module and is used for full-wave rectifying the acquired alternating current to output direct current, and as shown in fig. 3, the voltage sampling module is connected with the metering plate 223 through a circuit and outputs three-phase three-wire voltage to the metering plate 223. As shown in fig. 2 and 7, the power plug 21 includes a bottom plate 217 and a riser 218, the bottom plate 217 is perpendicular to the riser 218, and the varistor module includes a varistor 219 and diodes, and the number of the varistor 219 and the number of the diodes are preferably 3; the piezo-resistor 219 is soldered to the plug board 212 and in the same plane as the spring powered probes 213, the diode is soldered to the back of the piezo-resistor 219, which is lying on the riser 218, preferably the piezo-resistor 219 is pressed to lie on the riser 218 at 90 degrees, the diode is lying on the base plate 217, preferably the base plate 217 at 90 degrees; the voltage sampling module comprises a resistor network, the resistor network is divided into 3 groups, wherein 2 groups of resistor networks are welded on a vertical plate 218, 1 group of resistor networks are welded on a bottom plate 217, thus the plug board 212 and components on the plug board 212 are arranged and welded, the welding of due circuits can be completed in a smaller space, the volume of the power taking plug 21 is reduced as much as possible, the miniaturization of the micro-ammeter 2 is further realized, and the micro-ammeter is convenient to install. The piezoresistor 219 is a high-energy 10D471 piezoresistor, the diode is a high-voltage rectifying diode R3000 with the withstand voltage of 3KV, the safety distance between wires of the plug board 212 is larger than 4 mm, and the high-energy 10D471 piezoresistor and the high-voltage rectifying diode R3000 with the withstand voltage of 3KV are selected for use, so that a later-stage circuit can be protected when the circuit is subjected to sudden high-intensity current, safety requirements of some specific clients can be met, and the safety of the micro-ammeter 2 is further guaranteed. The 3 groups of resistor networks used for reducing voltage respectively correspond to three-phase three-wire voltage sampling, the 3 groups of resistor networks are directly welded on the metering board 223, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct-current voltage output after rectification of the full-wave rectification module are directly welded on the power board 222, and therefore the connection between the plug board 212 and the metering board 223 and the connection between the plug board 212 and the power board 223 are firmer, and the voltage transmission between the boards is more stable.
As shown in fig. 8, in the circuit of the power taking plug 21, three spring power taking probes 213, namely L1, L2 and L3 are connected with piezoresistors RV1, RV2 and RV3 to protect a post-stage circuit consisting of a resistor network and a diode, step down and rectify the obtained 220V three-phase power, and connect a piezoresistor RV4 to protect the post-stage circuit in two poles of the rectified direct current, and the rectified circuits are all placed on a power panel. The other part of the three-phase circuit which is not rectified and is sampled from the front of the resistor network is subjected to resistor depressurization and then welded on a metering board, and the three-phase circuit still exists in the form of alternating current. Fig. 9 shows an arrangement of the electrical components in fig. 7. The single layer board is more slim.
Preferably, the height of the micro-ammeter 2 is not more than 32 mm, the thickness of the micro-ammeter 2 is not more than 25 mm, the width of the micro-ammeter 2 is 18 mm, the width of the micro-ammeter 2 is the same as the width of the micro-breaker 1, and the design that the height of the micro-ammeter 2 is not more than 32 mm does not affect the panel installation of the PZ30 box; the thickness of the micro ammeter 2 is 24.7 mm and not more than 25 mm, and the strict size design ensures that the micro ammeter 2 is not too thick and the wiring operation in the PZ30 box is not affected; the micro meter 2 has a width of 18 mm, i.e. 1P, that is to say, it can only coincide with the width of the micro breaker 1, for example, if the breaker is a 3P breaker, the micro meter 2 has a width of 54 mm.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the spring power taking probe 213 on the power taking housing 211 includes a circular clamping seat 2131 formed by injection molding integrally, the circular clamping seat 2131 is a circular clamping seat 2131 recessed toward the inside of the power taking housing 213, the inner diameter of the circular clamping seat 2131 is the same as the outer diameter of the terminal locking screw, the circular clamping seat 2131 corresponds to the terminal locking screw one by one, and when the power taking plug 21 is inserted into the spring power taking probe 213, the circular clamping seat 2131 is clamped on the outside of the terminal locking screw, so that the connection is more fastened. The center of the circular clamping seat 2131 is fixed with a probe sleeve 2132, the probe sleeve 2132 and the spring electricity taking probe 213 are made of the same material, and the spring electricity taking probe 213 penetrates through the probe sleeve 2132 to be connected with a binding post locking screw; when the spring electricity taking probe 213 passes through the probe sleeve 2132, the plug board 212 is embedded into the electricity taking housing 211 to expand the electricity taking housing 211, so that the spring electricity taking probe 213 is clamped in the electricity taking housing 211, and is inserted into the probe sleeve 2132 to move up and down, thereby preventing falling off and being safer.
In an embodiment, the profile of the intersection of the power taking housing 211 and the first connecting surface 11 is the same, that is, the connection between the power taking housing 211 and the first connecting surface 11 is jointed, so that the power taking plug 21 and the first connecting surface 11 are connected more tightly and more tightly, and the installation is more compact and more convenient and firm.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the power take-off housing 211 includes a sliding cover 216, and the sliding cover 216 is opposite to the spring power take-off probe 213 and slidably mounted on the power take-off housing 211, and when a problem occurs, the sliding cover 216 can be slid off to take out the plug board 212 for inspection and maintenance. Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the metering housing 221 includes a first housing 2217 and a second housing 2218, the first housing 2217 and the second housing 2218 are in a separable independent structure, and the connection surface of the first housing 2217 and the second housing 2218 is parallel to the wedging surface 2213, so that the disassembly and maintenance of the circuit board are also facilitated. In a preferred embodiment, the plug 2214 of the wedging surface 2213 includes various structures for matching with different miniature circuit breakers 1, and the contour of the intersection of the wedging surface 2213 and the second connecting surface 12 is the same, that is, the junction of the wedging surface 2213 and the second connecting surface 12 is fitted, so that the micro-ammeter 2 can match with different miniature circuit breakers 1, and the application range is wider and the installation is more convenient.
As shown in fig. 10, in an embodiment, the metering unit includes a step-down module, a conversion module, a CPU operation processing module, a storage module, a communication module, and a power module; the electrical signal of the power taking plug 21 is processed by the voltage reducing module and then transmitted to the conversion module, the conversion module is electrically connected with the CPU operation processing module, the CPU operation processing module is also electrically connected with the storage module, the communication module and the power module respectively, and the power module supplies power to the communication module and the CPU operation processing module. The whole process is as follows: the electric signal passing through the power taking plug 21 is subjected to front end processing of three-phase voltage in the voltage reducing module, three-phase current CT signal processing and then transmitted to the conversion module, the electric signal is converted from continuous analog signals into discrete digital signals, the converted digital signals are transmitted to the CPU operation processing module for calculation processing, the processed data are stored in the memory for information storage, and the processed electric signal is transmitted to the external equipment for being checked by people through the RS-485 bus connected with the isolation 485 communication interface. The rectified direct current power supply on the plug board 212 is in the range of 10-30V, and is used for supplying power to a 485 driving module in the communication module after being stabilized by the power supply module, and the stabilized power supply is used for continuously supplying power to the CPU operation processing module after being isolated, so that the operation of the micro-ammeter 2 is ensured.
Further, the core device of the metering unit 22 includes a special AD chip CS5451A of the 6-channel 16-bit ammeter of the processing module for performing analog-to-digital conversion, and a 32-bit ARM processor LPC2138 of the CPU operation processing module, where the AD chip synchronously samples signals at a data rate of 4K, and the ARM processor analyzes and calculates parameters such as voltage, current, power, electric energy, and harmonic.
Preferably, the power panel includes the communication module, the power module and an isolation module, the communication module includes a 485 chip, a protection circuit thereof and a communication port, the power module includes a dc voltage stabilizing module and a dc voltage isolation module, the isolation module is an optocoupler isolation module, isolates the communication module from other modules, the dc voltage stabilizing module is connected with the 485 protection chip and the protection circuit thereof and supplies power to the 485 protection chip and the protection circuit thereof, and the communication port is electrically connected with the 485 protection chip and the protection circuit thereof; the metering board comprises a voltage reduction module, a CPU operation processing module, an analog-to-digital conversion module and a storage module, wherein the voltage reduction module is a voltage division network and is positioned at the front end of the metering board, the analog-to-digital conversion module is connected with the CPU operation processing module, and the storage module is arranged beside the CPU operation processing module and is connected with the CPU operation processing module.
As shown in fig. 11, the PCB board of the metering board 223 includes an AD chip CS5451 and an ARM processor LPC2138, the memory chip is located beside the ARM processor LPC2138 for storing data in the CPU, and the voltage front-end voltage dividing network is located at the forefront end of the whole metering board 223 for dividing the direct current flowing through the whole metering board, and reducing the voltage for supplying to the ARM processor LPC2138.
As shown in fig. 12, the PCB board of the power board 222 includes DCDC voltage stabilizing, DCDC isolation, 485 chip and protection circuit, optocoupler isolation, current input, and power and communication ports; the current input part inputs alternating current which is taken out by the voltage sampling module and is not rectified, the rectified current is supplied to a 485 chip and a protection circuit thereof after being stabilized by DCDC, and the DCDC is supplied to the CPU processing module after being stabilized by DCDC, namely the ARM processor LPC2138. The 485 module and other modules are electrically isolated by the optical coupling isolation, so that the optical coupling isolation is safer.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the power board 222 includes a voltage reduction module, an isolation module, a conversion module, a 5V power supply and a 3.3V power supply, the voltage reduction module connected with the plug board 212 performs voltage reduction treatment on the power to be taken, converts the direct current with higher voltage into the direct current with lower voltage, the conversion module is electrically connected with the voltage reduction module and the isolation module, the 5V power supply and the 3.3V power supply after voltage reduction are electrically isolated from the voltage reduction module through the isolation module, the 5V power supply and the 3.3V power supply are all supplied with power by the 485 connector seat 2233, thus, the electrical isolation exists between the 5V power supply and the 3.3V power supply after voltage reduction and the conversion module before voltage reduction, no electrical influence is generated between the 5V power supply and the 3.3V power supply, and the stability of the direct current supplied by the 485 module 2233 of the metering board 223 is increased. The 3.3V power supply and the 5V power supply are not grounded together, the 5V power supply is connected with GND1, and the 3.3V power supply is connected with GND. Preferably, the 485 connector holder 2233 takes the form of an isolated 485 communication interface, the 485 connector holder 2233 comprising an isolated 485 module powered by a 3.3V power supply and a 485 driver module powered by a 5V power supply. The two modules can be mutually noninterfered when being connected through a circuit by adopting an isolation mode, and are not connected electrically, so that mutual interference and damage are prevented, and the safety is improved. In an embodiment, the metering board 223 further includes a virtual analog ground, that is, AGND, where AGND is electrically connected to the voltage sampling unit and the transformer connector seat 2232 through a circuit, and simultaneously, AGND is commonly grounded to the GND single point, so that the analog ground AGND is the same as the reference voltage of GND, and since the measurement of three-phase three-wire has no neutral line N, the metering chip lacks reference to the voltage acquisition of three-phase three-wire, in the present invention, a method of converting the virtual ground AGND into the solid GND is adopted, fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for converting the analog ground into the solid ground, one end of the L1 resistor R1, one end of the L2 resistor R2, one end of the L3 resistor R3, and the other ends of the R1, R2, R3 are connected together to form a three-phase midpoint, that is, the virtual ground, where the midpoint is connected to the analog ground AGND of the metering chip, the analog ground AGND of the metering chip is connected to the digital ground GND of the metering chip through a magnetic bead, and the power supply of the metering chip is rectified by the high-frequency transformer with the input three-phase three-wire L1, L2, L3, and V-3-phase full-wave rectification is implemented, and the process of converting the virtual ground into the solid ground. Preferably, the connector between the 3.3V power supply and GND and the connector between the 5V power supply and GND1 are pin connectors with a spacing of 2.0 mm, and the transformer connector seats 2232 and 485 connector seats 2233 are connector seats with a spacing of 3.81, so that the installation is convenient.
Preferably, the transformer connector seat 2232 is externally connected with an open type current transformer, in an embodiment, three external current transformers can be connected to the three-phase three-wire miniature circuit breaker, the current transformers can be selected along with rated current of the miniature circuit breaker, the current transformers can be selected to be through-core type or open type, and the open type current transformer is selected, so that the miniature ammeter 2 can be added to the miniature circuit breaker 1 to realize uninterrupted power supply, and the problem that the existing miniature circuit breaker 1 cannot be manually added in the power supply occasion is solved.
In one embodiment, the board-to-board connector holder 2231 has a pitch of 2.0 millimeters and a plastic height of 4.3 millimeters, the pin of the board-to-board connector head has a plastic height of 2.0 millimeters, the board pitch between the metering board 223 and the power board 222 is 6.3 millimeters, and the compact distance between the boards and the board height, which is as compact as possible, can compress the height of the metering unit, reducing the volume of the micro meter 2. The thickness of the metering board 223 and the power panel 222 are 1.2 mm, which can meet the requirement of the use environment on the thickness of the circuit board, and the thickness of the metering unit can be reduced by the thin circuit board. The smaller spacing between the plates and the thinner plate body can further reduce the volume of the micro-ammeter, and the micro-ammeter is easier to install.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, an indicator lamp 23 is mounted on the top of the second housing 2218, which can reflect and indicate the electricity consumption status and the usage of the electricity meter itself. Preferably, the indicator lamp 23 is inlaid with the lamp housing by using a light guiding material, so that the effect of beauty and display can be enhanced, and the indicator lamp can be seen more well when in use.
Therefore, the micro-ammeter is attached to the micro-breaker, and comprises the electricity taking plug and the metering unit, wherein the electricity taking plug and the metering unit are mutually independent replaceable units, and the micro-ammeter is convenient to install and maintain. The electricity taking plug adopts the spring thimble to take electricity from the miniature circuit breaker, and is convenient and safe, no longer needs additionally to provide the power supply of little ammeter, and the cooperation face that electricity taking plug and metering unit all correspond with miniature circuit breaker inlays and inserts the wedging, and the installation is firm just because of dismantling. The circuit board design element of the micro ammeter is compact, the arrangement is orderly, the capacitor with larger volume and the piezoresistor are placed in a lying mode, the height of the circuit board is reduced, the space is saved, the volume of the micro ammeter is reduced as much as possible, the miniaturization of the ammeter is more remarkable, and the additional installation of the existing distribution box or the distribution cabinet is realized. The existence of the piezoresistor can protect a later-stage circuit, so that the anti-impact index of the ammeter is improved, and the ammeter is safer to use. The miniature ammeter provides a mutual inductor interface, can be connected with three external current transformers for the three-phase three-wire miniature circuit breaker, the current transformers can be selected along with rated current of the miniature circuit breaker, and the current transformers can be selected to pass through or open. The whole micro-ammeter is small and exquisite, convenient to install and greatly improves safety.
The invention has been described with respect to the above-described embodiments, however, the above-described embodiments are merely examples of practicing the invention. It should be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The micro-ammeter is characterized by being attached to the micro-breaker and mechanically connected with the micro-breaker, and comprises an electricity taking plug and a metering unit, wherein the electricity taking plug is inserted into the micro-breaker to take electricity from a binding post locking screw of the micro-breaker and supply power to the metering unit; the miniature circuit breaker comprises a first connecting surface, a second connecting surface and a binding post locking screw, wherein the first connecting surface is connected with the second connecting surface and is mutually perpendicular, the binding post locking screw is arranged on the first connecting surface, the electricity taking plug is inserted on the binding post locking screw, the metering unit is arranged on the second connecting surface, and the electricity taking plug and the metering unit are in mutually independent detachable connection modes;
The power taking plug is detachably connected to the first connecting surface and comprises a power taking shell, a plug board, a spring power taking probe, a first electric connector and a positioning groove; the plug board is clamped inside the electricity taking shell in an embedded mode, the spring electricity taking probe and the first electric connector are welded on the plug board, the spring electricity taking probe and the first electric connector penetrate through the electricity taking shell and extend out of the electricity taking shell, the spring electricity taking probe is abutted to the binding post locking screw in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the spring electricity taking probe and the first electric connector are located on two adjacent side faces of the electricity taking shell respectively, and the positioning groove is formed in the middle of the two adjacent first electric connectors and located at the bottom end of the face where the first electric connector is located;
The metering unit is detachably connected to the second connecting surface and comprises a metering shell, a power panel, a metering panel, a 485 interface, a transformer interface and a second electric connector; the metering shell comprises a convex surface, a concave surface and a wedging surface, the convex surface and the concave surface are parallel to each other, the 485 interface and the mutual inductor interface are arranged on the concave surface side by side, the wedging surface is opposite to the concave surface, and the wedging surface and the second connecting surface are wedged; the plug and the limit baffle are integrally arranged on the wedging surface, the plug is embedded in the jack on the second connecting surface, and the limit baffle used for blocking two sides of the second connecting surface is embedded in the corresponding slot on two sides of the second connecting surface; the power panel and the metering panel are both clamped in the metering shell, the metering panel comprises a board-to-board connector seat, a mutual inductor connector seat and a 485 connector seat, and one end of the power panel is provided with a board-to-board connector head; the transformer connector seat and the 485 connector seat are arranged at one end of the metering plate side by side, the plate-to-plate connector seat is close to the transformer connector seat and the 485 connector seat, the power panel and the metering plate are fixedly connected in a mode that the plate-to-plate connector head is embedded in the plate-to-plate connector seat, the metering plate and the power panel are parallel to the convex surface and the concave surface, and the transformer connector seat and the 485 connector seat on the metering plate respectively pass through the transformer interface and the 485 interface and extend out of the metering shell; the second electric connector is welded on the power panel and penetrates through the metering shell to extend out of the metering shell, the second electric connector is located right above the wedging surface, and the second electric connector is connected with the first electric connector in a plug-in mode;
When the power taking plug is connected with the miniature circuit breaker, the spring power taking probes are abutted against the binding post locking screws in a one-to-one correspondence manner and are electrically connected with the binding post locking screws, and the spring power taking probes are used for taking power from the miniature circuit breaker and transmitting the power to the first electric connector through the plug board through transformation and variable flow; when the wedging surface is inserted on the second connecting surface, the metering unit is connected with the miniature circuit breaker, the first electric connector is connected with the second electric connector in a plugging mode, the electricity taking plug is clamped between the miniature circuit breaker and the metering unit, and electricity taken from the miniature circuit breaker by the electricity taking plug is supplied to the metering unit through the connected first electric connector and second electric connector;
The power taking plug comprises a bottom plate and a vertical plate, the bottom plate is perpendicular to the vertical plate, and the piezoresistor module comprises piezoresistors and diodes; the piezoresistor is welded on the plug board and is positioned on the same plane with the spring electricity taking probe, the diode is welded on the back surface of the piezoresistor, the piezoresistor is laid on the vertical board, and the diode is laid on the bottom board; the voltage sampling module comprises a resistor network, wherein the resistor network is divided into 3 groups, 2 groups of resistor networks are welded on the vertical plate, and 1 group of resistor networks are welded on the bottom plate.
2. A micro-ammeter according to claim 1 wherein the plug board comprises a varistor module, a full wave rectifier module and a voltage sampling module; the voltage dependent resistor module is electrically connected with the spring electricity taking probe and used for protecting a later-stage circuit, the full-wave rectifying module is connected with the voltage dependent resistor module and used for full-wave rectifying the taken current to output direct current, and the voltage sampling module is connected with the metering plate through a circuit.
3. A micro-meter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said micro-meter has a height of not more than 32 mm, a thickness of not more than 25 mm, a width of 18 mm, and a width of not more than said miniature circuit breaker.
4. A micro-electricity meter as set forth in claim 1, wherein said metering housing includes a first housing and a second housing, said first housing and said second housing being separable independent structures, and a connection face of said first housing and said second housing being parallel to said wedging face; the plug of the wedging surface comprises various structures for matching with different miniature circuit breakers, and the outline of the intersection of the wedging surface and the second connecting surface is the same, namely the junction of the wedging surface and the second connecting surface is jointed; the spring electricity taking probe on the electricity taking shell comprises a round clamping seat which is formed by integral injection molding, the round clamping seat is a round clamping seat recessed towards the inside of the electricity taking shell, the inner diameter of the round clamping seat is the same as the outer diameter of the binding post locking screw, and the round clamping seat corresponds to the binding post locking screw one by one; the center of the circular clamping seat is fixedly provided with a probe sleeve, the probe sleeve and the spring electricity taking probe are the same in material, and the spring electricity taking probe penetrates through the probe sleeve and is connected with the binding post locking screw; when the spring electricity taking probe passes through the probe sleeve, the plug board is embedded into the first shell to expand the electricity taking shell, so that the spring electricity taking probe is clamped in the electricity taking shell; the profile of the intersection of the electricity taking housing and the first connecting surface is the same, namely the connection of the electricity taking housing and the first connecting surface is attached, the electricity taking housing comprises a sliding cover, and the sliding cover is opposite to the spring electricity taking probe and is slidably arranged on the electricity taking housing.
5. The micro-ammeter according to claim 1, wherein the metering unit comprises a voltage reduction module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a CPU operation processing module, a storage module, a communication module and a power supply module; the electric signal of the power taking plug is processed by the voltage reducing module and then transmitted to the conversion module, the analog-to-digital conversion module is electrically connected with the CPU operation processing module, the CPU operation processing module is also electrically connected with the storage module, the communication module and the power supply module respectively, and the power supply module supplies power to the communication module and the CPU operation processing module; the power panel comprises a communication module, a power module and an isolation module, wherein the communication module comprises a 485 chip, a protection circuit thereof and a communication port, the power module comprises a direct current voltage stabilizing module and a direct current voltage isolation module, the isolation module is an optical coupling isolation module and is used for isolating the communication module from other modules, the direct current voltage stabilizing module is connected with the 485 chip and the protection circuit thereof and is used for supplying power to the 485 chip and the protection circuit thereof, and the communication port is electrically connected with the 485 chip and the protection circuit thereof; the metering board comprises a voltage reduction module, a CPU operation processing module, an analog-to-digital conversion module and a storage module, wherein the voltage reduction module is a voltage division network and is positioned at the front end of the metering board, the analog-to-digital conversion module is connected with the CPU operation processing module, and the storage module is arranged beside the CPU operation processing module and is connected with the CPU operation processing module.
6. The micro-ammeter according to claim 1, wherein the power panel comprises a voltage reduction module, an isolation module, a conversion module, a 5V power supply and a 3.3V power supply, the voltage reduction module connected with the plug panel performs voltage reduction treatment on the power, the conversion module is connected with the voltage reduction module and the isolation module, the reduced 5V power supply and the 3.3V power supply are isolated from the voltage reduction module through the isolation module, and the 5V power supply and the 3.3V power supply power to the 485 connector seat; the 3.3V power supply and the 5V power supply are not grounded together, the 5V power supply is connected with GND1 through a pin type connector, and the 3.3V power supply is connected with GND through a pin type connector; the 485 connector seat adopts a form of an isolated 485 communication interface, and comprises an isolated 485 module and a 485 driving module, wherein the 485 module is powered by a 3.3V power supply, and the 485 driving module is powered by a 5V power supply; the metering board further comprises a virtual simulation ground, wherein the simulation ground is electrically connected with the voltage sampling module and the transformer connector base through a circuit, and meanwhile, the simulation ground and the GND single point are commonly grounded; the transformer connector base is externally connected with an opening type current transformer.
7. A micro-electricity meter as set forth in claim 4, wherein said second housing has an indicator light mounted on top thereof; the indicator lamp is inlaid with the lamp housing by using a light guide material.
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