CN108994050A - A kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device and method - Google Patents

A kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108994050A
CN108994050A CN201810810935.4A CN201810810935A CN108994050A CN 108994050 A CN108994050 A CN 108994050A CN 201810810935 A CN201810810935 A CN 201810810935A CN 108994050 A CN108994050 A CN 108994050A
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China
Prior art keywords
gas
cracking
layer
tank
exhaust
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CN201810810935.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许跃明
赵跃胜
杨成志
程林海
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Anhui Continental Environmental Protection Equipment Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Continental Environmental Protection Equipment Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810810935.4A priority Critical patent/CN108994050A/en
Publication of CN108994050A publication Critical patent/CN108994050A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/0075Disposal of medical waste
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device, including thermal cracker, emission-control equipment and cracking gas recovering device.The present invention also provides a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless methods, are crushed comprising steps of doctor's plastic refuse enters crushing feed hopper;Smashed rubbish is sent into sterilizing melting pipeline by feeding spiro rod, carries out microwave sterilization by first half in cavity, latter half carries out plastic molten melt, and the exhaust gas that microwave sterilization and melting generate is handled into emission-control equipment;Plastics after melting are sent into thermal cracking tank by feeding spiro rod, thermal cracking tank is heated by cracking heating furnace, the plastics of melting crack gasification at high temperature and form cracking gas, cracking gas is discharged by thermal cracking tank exhaust outlet, module is recycled into cracking gas and is recycled processing, fails the solidfied material of gasification by pusher push-in slag-drip opening discharge.

Description

A kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical plastic technical field of waste treatment, and in particular to a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device and side Method.
Background technique
Medical plastic garbage disposal, the disposal options that the burning generallyd use at present, high temperature steam treatment depth fill.It adopts With the disposal options burned, depth fills, different degrees of pollution can be inevitably caused to air, soil, water source.It is steamed using high temperature Vapour handles medical plastic rubbish, is to carry out high temperature steam treatment to medical plastic rubbish, and process needs to control exhaust gas and waste liquid, gives up Gas disposal method is that workshop negative pressure runs and deodorization spray system is cooperated to carry out exterminating bacterium;Method for treating waste liquid is handle and medical treatment Plastic garbage waste liquid passes through special sterilizing, evaporation, drying, realization qualified discharge in processing pot.
It is at high cost using traditional high temperature steam treatment, therefore some developed countries handle doctor using microwave technology Plastic garbage is treated, however regardless of which kind of processing method used, the processing of existing medical plastic rubbish is not carried out the energy It utilizes again.
Medical plastic rubbish is handled using pyrolysis technology, the thermal cracking gas of generation is recycled, exploitation is corresponding Medical plastic rubbish sterilizing melting cracking gas harmless treatment and using device, it can be achieved that medical plastic waste energy regeneration utilize, It is the technique direction of medical plastic garbage disposal.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device and method, compact-sized, set It is reasonable to count, it is therefore intended that solves tradition doctor's high-cost processing method of plastic refuse, the energy during realization treatment of!medical waste It utilizes again, provides the new technique direction of medical plastic garbage disposal.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device, including thermal cracker, emission-control equipment and cracking gas recovering device;
The thermal cracker includes: to crush feed hopper, sterilizing melting pipeline, thermal cracking tank, cracking heating furnace and integrate Rack;Pulverizer is equipped in the crushing feed hopper;The sterilizing melting pipeline is equipped with feeding spiro rod and driving motor, described to send Expect that screw surface is equipped with helical blade, the feeding spiro rod is fixed on the output shaft of the driving motor, the feeding Conduit enclosure is equipped with outside screw rod and driving motor;The sterilizing melting pipeline feed end connects the crushing feed hopper, discharging End connects the thermal cracking tank, is equipped with exhaust outlet and air inlet in the middle part of the sterilizing melting pipeline;It is logical in the middle part of the thermal cracking tank Piping connects the cracking heating furnace, and the thermal cracking tank is equipped with exhaust outlet, pusher and slag-drip opening, and the exhaust outlet is located at Thermal cracking tank upper end, the slag-drip opening are located at one end of the relatively described sterilizing melting pipeline of thermal cracking tank, and the pusher is located at Inside thermal cracking tank, end connects the slag-drip opening;The crushing feed hopper, sterilizing melting pipeline, thermal cracking tank and cracking Heating furnace is fixed on the integrated stand;
The emission-control equipment includes: gas neutralizing tank and gas dry tank;The gas neutralizing tank be equipped with air inlet pipe, Exhaust pipe and leakage fluid dram;The air inlet pipe is connect with the exhaust outlet of the sterilizing melting pipeline, and the exhaust pipe and leakage fluid dram connect Connect the gas dry tank;The gas dry tank is double cylinder structure, including shell and inner cylinder, the shell and inner cylinder Centre is equipped with insulating layer;The gas dry tank is provided with air inlet, screw rod, motor, sparge pipe, slag-drip opening, exhaust outlet and heat Gas entrance;The air inlet connects the exhaust pipe of the gas neutralizing tank, and the screw rod is arranged on the motor shaft, screw rod table Face is equipped with helical blade, and the sparge pipe is fixedly connected with the leakage fluid dram of the gas neutralizing tank, and the exhaust outlet passes through pipeline Connect the air inlet in the middle part of the sterilizing melting pipeline;
The cracking gas recovering device includes: catalytic tower, fractionating column and condensing tower, the catalytic tower, fractionating column and condensation Tower is connected with each other by pipeline.
Further, the catalytic tower includes collection gas-bearing formation, Catalytic Layer and filter layer, is set outside the Catalytic Layer and filter layer There is cylindrical shell;The filter layer inlet end is connected with the exhaust outlet of the thermal cracking tank, and exhaust end is connected with the Catalytic Layer It connects;The filter layer is equipped with filter core, and the Catalytic Layer includes cracking air cavity, catalyst chamber and catalysis air cavity, the cracking air cavity It is connected with the filter layer exhaust end, is equipped with through-hole in the cavity wall of the catalyst chamber and catalysis air cavity, the cracking air cavity, Catalyst chamber is connected to catalysis air cavity by the through-hole, and outside wraps the cylindrical shell;The catalyst chamber filling is equipped with Solid catalyst;The cracking air cavity, catalyst chamber and catalysis air cavity upper end are equipped with partition;The catalyst chamber adds equipped with combustion gas Heat pipe, gas heating pipe lower end air inlet are connected with the exhaust outlet of the thermal cracking tank, and gas heating pipe upper end exhaust outlet extends Out in the partition to the collection gas-bearing formation;The cylindrical shell top is equipped with catalysis gas exhaust outlet and catalyst feeds, lower part Equipped with catalyst discharge gate;The exhaust outlet connects the fractionating column by pipeline;The collection gas-bearing formation includes gas gathering mask and exhaust Pipe;The gas gathering mask is located at the Catalytic Layer top and connect setting with the cylindrical shell, and the exhaust pipe is set to described At the top of gas gathering mask upper end;
Further, the fractionating column includes acquisition layer, fractionation layer and cooling layer, the acquisition layer, fractionation layer and cooling Layer is external to be equipped with cylindrical shell;The fractionation layer top is equipped with fractionation filter core, and bottom is equipped with partition and riser, and the partition is set There is through-hole, the partition upper end is equipped with the riser, and the riser is equipped with strainer, and inlet end extends hull outside and institute The catalyst converter exhaust outlet for stating catalytic tower is connected, and exhaust end is located at below the fractionation filter core;The partition lower end connects the collection Liquid layer, the acquisition layer bottom are equipped with oil liquid discharge gate;The cooling layer is connected above the fractionation layer, the cooling layer Two sides are fixed with coolant liquid feed inlet and coolant liquid discharge port respectively, and the cooling layer is set with fractionation layer junction fixation There is sealing baffle, is equipped with exhaust pipe at the cooling layer orthocenter, the exhaust pipe inlet end extends sealing baffle lower end surface extremely The fractionation layer top, exhaust pipe exhaust end extend outside cylindrical shell to the cooling layer top;
Further, the condensing tower include catalytically cracked gas import, lower condenser, lower header, lower condensate outlet, in Water tank, upper water box, upper condenser, catalytically cracked gas outlet, upper condensate outlet and connecting pipe;The catalytically cracked gas import It is fixedly connected on the lower condenser, and is connected with the fractionating column exhaust pipe exhaust end;The lower condenser bottom fixation is set There is lower condensate outlet, the lower condenser bottom end is fixedly connected with the lower header, and top is fixedly connected equipped with the middle water tank; The lower header is equipped with drainage pipeline;The middle water tank top is fixedly connected with the upper condenser, and the upper condenser bottom is solid Surely it is equipped with upper condensate outlet, top is exported equipped with the catalytically cracked gas, and the upper condenser passes through with the lower condenser The connecting pipe is fixedly connected;The upper water box bottom is fixedly connected with the upper condenser top, and top is equipped with water inlet line;
Further, the catalytic tower filter core is cylinder, and diameter is identical as the cracking air cavity diameter;Institute Stating filter core is drawer type, is made of the superposition of multi-layer circular filtering net plate, 1.5cm, aperture of filter screen 0.5mm are separated by between filtering net plate, The filter core lower end is equipped with snorkel and connect with air gauge;The through-hole that is equipped with of cavity wall of the catalyst chamber and catalysis air cavity it Between interval be 3cm, the through-hole diameter be 2mm.The fractionation filter core of the fractionating column is equipped with multi-layer circular filtering net plate, described It is separated by 1cm between filtering net plate, aperture of filter screen 0.5mm passes through flanged joint between the cooling layer and fractionation layer.
Further, the condensing tower catalytically cracked gas outlet is connected with combustible gas collecting tank, the condensing tower condensation Liquid outlet is separately connected with the fractionating column oil liquid discharge gate equipped with oil storage tank.
Present invention simultaneously provides a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless methods, comprising the following steps:
It is crushed Step 1: doctor's plastic refuse enters crushing feed hopper;
Step 2: smashed rubbish is sent into sterilizing melting pipeline by feeding spiro rod, carried out by first half in cavity micro- Wave sterilizing, latter half carry out plastic molten melt, and the exhaust gas that microwave sterilization and melting generate is discharged by the exhaust outlet at middle part, is entered Emission-control equipment is handled;
Step 3: the plastics after melting are sent into thermal cracking tank by feeding spiro rod, thermal cracking tank is carried out by cracking heating furnace Heating, the plastics of melting crack gasification at high temperature and form cracking gas, and cracking gas is discharged by thermal cracking tank exhaust outlet, into cracking Gas recycles module and is recycled processing, fails the solidfied material of gasification by pusher push-in slag-drip opening discharge.
Further, exhaust gas harmless treatment in the step 2, specifically:
Air inlet pipe collects vapor, sour gas, chlorine and is sent into lye in gas neutralizing tank, with gas neutralizing tank through pipeline It is neutralized, forms carbon dioxide gas and vapor and be discharged by exhaust pipe;It forms saline solution and is connected through pressurization by leakage fluid dram Sparge pipe enter drying chamber, the hot exhaust gas of pipeline and melter, which is exported, enters drying chamber as drying chamber by hot gas inlet Heat source, dry to the saline solution of penetrating, the solidfied material after drying is sent to slag-drip opening discharge by screw rod and collects, the vapor in drying It is discharged by exhaust outlet.
Further, recycling is handled in the step 3, specifically includes step:
Step 1: cracking gas, which removes dust-filtering through filter layer, enters cracking air cavity, by logical in cracking air cavity cavity wall Stomata enters catalyst chamber, under the effect of the catalyst, alkenes cracking gas is converted to alkene, aromatic hydrocarbons gas, into catalysis After air cavity is collected, fractionating column is entered by exhaust outlet;
Step 2: opening cooling layer coolant liquid exits and entrances valve, cooling water is set to be in recurrent state, catalytically cracked gas passes through Admission line spray head enters acquisition layer, then enters fractionation layer through partition aperture, and the heavy oil ingredient in catalytically cracked gas is in filter core After surface condensation, part toward flowing down, is not easy the uncooled heavy oil ingredient of condensed components and part under the effect of gravity in cracking gas Continue to rise, condensed components are partially not easy when rising to cooling layer partition, in cracking gas and uncooled heavy oil ingredient is cold Solidifying, condensed component is toward flowing down, and when encountering the high-temperature catalytically cracked gas of rising, part is then cold again again by by thermal evaporation Solidifying, heavy oil component is fractionated by condensation gasification repeatedly, is failed cooling lightweight oil ingredient by exhaust pipe and is conveyed condensing tower into one Step cooling.Condensed mink cell focus component fluids enter acquisition layer through the aperture on partition and collect, when collection reaches a certain amount of When, oil liquid discharge gate valve is opened, discharge oil liquid to oil storage tank stores;
Step 3: opening cracking gas intake valve after unlatching inlet valve makes cooling water be in recurrent state, working as catalytic pyrolysis After gas enters lower condenser, the gas cooling that carbon atom number is 11-17 sinks to bottom at liquid for kerosene ingredient, from liquid out Mouth is discharged into oil storage tank collection;Uncooled gas enters upper condenser by connecting pipe, through upper condenser again by carbon The gas that atomicity is 5-12 is condensed into liquid, forms gasolene ingredient and sinks to upper layer bottom, is discharged and collects from liquid outlet;It is not cold Solidifying carbon atom number is expelled to gas storage tank through cracking gas outlet and deposits as combustible gas utilization in 5 gases below.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the utility model has the advantages that structure of the invention design rationally, can give up to medical treatment Virus, germ in gurry can be killed thoroughly, and can make final resource utilization to the utility in Biohazard Waste, obtain There are diesel oil, kerosene, gasoline and the combustible gas of utility value, high income.Other than vapor and CO2 emission, without other rows It puts object, realizes that Biohazard Waste is turned waste into wealth utilization, it is environmentally protective.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is overall structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is emission-control equipment structural schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is gas dry jar structure schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is catalytic tower structural schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is fractionating column structural schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is condensing tower structural schematic diagram in the present invention;
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art Every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless devices, including thermal cracker, emission-control equipment and cracking Gas recovering device;
The thermal cracker includes: to crush feed hopper 1, sterilizing melting pipeline 2, thermal cracking tank 3, cracking 4 and of heating furnace Integrated stand 5;The crushing feed hopper 1 is equipped with pulverizer and motor, motor described in the crushing mechatronics;The sterilizing is molten Melt pipeline 2 equipped with feeding spiro rod and driving motor, the feeding spiro rod is fixed on the output shaft of the driving motor, institute It states sterilizing melting 2 feed end of pipeline and connects the crushing feed hopper 1, discharge end connects the thermal cracking tank 3, the sterilizing melting Exhaust outlet and air inlet are equipped in the middle part of pipeline 2;The cracking heating furnace 4 is connected by pipeline in the middle part of the thermal cracking tank 3, it is described Thermal cracking tank 3 is equipped with exhaust outlet, pusher and slag-drip opening, and the pusher end connects the slag-drip opening;The crushing charging Bucket 1, sterilizing melting pipeline 2, thermal cracking tank 3 and cracking heating furnace 4 are fixed on the integrated stand 5;
The emission-control equipment 6 includes: gas neutralizing tank 61 and gas dry tank 62;The gas neutralizing tank 61 is equipped with Air inlet pipe 611, exhaust pipe 612 and leakage fluid dram 613;The air inlet pipe 611 is connect with the exhaust outlet of the sterilizing melting pipeline 2, The exhaust pipe 612 and leakage fluid dram 613 connect the gas dry tank 62;The gas dry tank 62 is double cylinder knot Structure, including shell 628 and inner cylinder 625 are equipped with insulating layer 624 among the shell 628 and inner cylinder 625;The gas dry tank 62 are provided with air inlet 621, screw rod 622, motor, sparge pipe 623, slag-drip opening 626, exhaust outlet 627 and hot gas inlet;It is described into Port 621 connects the exhaust pipe 612 of the gas neutralizing tank 61, and the screw rod 622 is arranged on the motor shaft, screw surface Equipped with helical blade, the sparge pipe 623 is fixedly connected with the leakage fluid dram 613 of the gas neutralizing tank 61, the exhaust outlet 627 The air inlet at 2 middle part of sterilizing melting pipeline is connected by pipeline;
The cracking gas recovering device includes: catalytic tower 7, fractionating column 8 and condensing tower 9;
The catalytic tower 7 includes collection gas-bearing formation 72, Catalytic Layer and filter layer 70, is equipped with outside the Catalytic Layer and filter layer 70 Cylindrical shell 71;70 inlet end of filter layer is connected with the exhaust outlet of the thermal cracking tank, exhaust end and the Catalytic Layer phase Connection;The filter layer 70 is equipped with filter core, and the filter core is drawer type;The Catalytic Layer includes cracking air cavity 75, catalyst chamber 74 are connected with catalysis air cavity 73, the cracking air cavity 75 with 70 exhaust end of filter layer, the catalyst chamber 74 and catalysis gas Through-hole is equipped in the cavity wall of chamber 73, the cracking air cavity 75, catalyst chamber 74 and catalysis air cavity 73 are connected to by the through-hole, Outside wraps the cylindrical shell 71;The filling of catalyst chamber 74 is equipped with solid catalyst;The cracking air cavity 75, catalyst Chamber 74 and catalysis 73 upper end of air cavity are equipped with partition;The catalyst chamber 74 is equipped with gas heating pipe 76,76 lower end of gas heating pipe Air inlet is connected with the exhaust outlet of the thermal cracking tank 3, and 6 upper end exhaust outlet of gas heating pipe extends the partition to the collection In gas-bearing formation 72;71 top of cylindrical shell is equipped with catalysis gas exhaust outlet 78 and catalyst feeds 77, and lower part is equipped with catalyst Discharge gate 79;The exhaust outlet 78 connects the fractionating column 8 by pipeline;The collection gas-bearing formation 72 includes gas gathering mask and exhaust pipe; The gas gathering mask is located at 72 top of Catalytic Layer and connect setting with the cylindrical shell, and the exhaust pipe is set to the collection At the top of gas hood upper end;
The fractionating column 8 includes acquisition layer 80, fractionation layer 84 and cooling layer 86, the acquisition layer 80, fractionation layer 84 and cold But cylindrical shell is equipped with outside layer 86;84 top of fractionation layer is equipped with fractionation filter core 85, and bottom is equipped with partition 83 and riser 82, the partition 83 is equipped with through-hole, and 83 upper end of partition is equipped with the riser 82, and the riser 82 is equipped with strainer, into Gas end extends hull outside and is connected with the catalyst converter exhaust outlet of the catalytic tower 7, and exhaust end is located under the fractionation filter core 85 Side;83 lower end of partition connects the acquisition layer 80, and 80 bottom of acquisition layer is equipped with oil liquid discharge gate 81;The cooling layer 86 are connected at 84 top of fractionation layer, and 86 two sides of cooling layer are fixed with coolant liquid feed inlet respectively and coolant liquid goes out Material mouth, the cooling layer and the fractionation layer junction are fixed with sealing baffle 88, the row of being equipped at 86 orthocenter of cooling layer Tracheae 87,87 inlet end of exhaust pipe extend 88 lower end surface of sealing baffle to the fractionation layer top, and exhaust pipe 87 is vented Extend outside cylindrical shell to 86 top of cooling layer at end;
The condensing tower 9 include catalytically cracked gas import 91, lower condenser 96, lower header 99, lower condensate outlet 98, in Water tank 92, upper water box 95, upper condenser 90, catalytically cracked gas outlet 94, upper condensate outlet 93 and connecting pipe 97;It is described to urge Change cracking gas import 91 and be fixedly connected on the lower condenser 96, and is connected with the 8 exhaust pipe exhaust end of fractionating column;Under described 96 bottom of condenser is fixed with lower condensate outlet 98, and lower 96 bottom end of condenser is fixedly connected with the lower header 99, top End is fixedly connected equipped with the middle water tank 92;The lower header 99 is equipped with drainage pipeline;92 top of middle water tank is fixedly connected The upper condenser 90, upper 90 bottom of condenser are fixed with condensate outlet 93, and top is equipped with the catalytic pyrolysis Gas outlet 94, the upper condenser 90 is fixedly connected with the lower condenser 96 by the connecting pipe 97;The upper water box 95 bottoms are fixedly connected with 90 top of upper condenser, and top is equipped with water inlet line;
Specifically, 7 filter core of catalytic tower is cylinder, and diameter is identical as the cracking air cavity diameter;Institute It states filter core to be made of the superposition of multi-layer circular filtering net plate, is separated by 1.5cm between filtering net plate, aperture of filter screen 0.5mm, under the filter core End is equipped with snorkel and connect with air gauge;
Specifically, interval is 3cm between the through-hole that the catalyst chamber 74 and the cavity wall of catalysis air cavity 73 are equipped with, institute Stating through-hole diameter is 2mm.
Specifically, the fractionation filter core of the fractionating column 8 is equipped with multi-layer circular filtering net plate, is separated by between the filtering net plate 1cm, aperture of filter screen 0.5mm pass through flanged joint between the cooling layer 86 and fractionation layer 84.
Specifically, the condensing tower catalytically cracked gas outlet is connected with combustible gas collecting tank, the condensing tower condensate liquid Outlet is separately connected with the fractionating column oil liquid discharge gate equipped with oil storage tank.
Present invention simultaneously provides a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless methods, comprising the following steps:
S1, doctor's plastic refuse enter crushing feed hopper and are crushed;
Smashed rubbish is sent into sterilizing melting pipeline by S2, feeding spiro rod, is carried out microwave by first half in cavity and is gone out Bacterium, latter half carry out plastic molten melt, and the exhaust gas that microwave sterilization and melting generate is discharged, into exhaust gas by the exhaust outlet at middle part Processing unit is handled;
Plastics after S3, melting are sent into thermal cracking tank by feeding spiro rod, are heated by cracking heating furnace to thermal cracking tank, The plastics of melting crack gasification at high temperature and form cracking gas, and cracking gas is discharged by thermal cracking tank exhaust outlet, return into cracking gas It receives and is recycled processing using module, fail the solidfied material of gasification by pusher push-in slag-drip opening discharge.
Specifically, exhaust gas harmless treatment in S2 are as follows:
Air inlet pipe collects vapor, sour gas, chlorine and is sent into lye in gas neutralizing tank, with gas neutralizing tank through pipeline It is neutralized, forms carbon dioxide gas and vapor and be discharged by exhaust pipe;It forms saline solution and is connected through pressurization by leakage fluid dram Sparge pipe enter drying chamber, the hot exhaust gas of pipeline and melter, which is exported, enters drying chamber as drying chamber by hot gas inlet Heat source, dry to the saline solution of penetrating, the solidfied material after drying is sent to slag-drip opening discharge by screw rod and collects, the vapor in drying It is discharged by exhaust outlet.
Specifically, recycling is handled in S3, comprising steps of
S301, cracking gas remove dust-filtering through filter layer and enter cracking air cavity, pass through the ventilation in cracking air cavity cavity wall Hole enters catalyst chamber, under the effect of the catalyst, alkenes cracking gas is converted to alkene, aromatic hydrocarbons gas, into catalysis gas After chamber is collected, fractionating column is entered by exhaust outlet.Catalyst is to regularly replace after a period of use, for the ease of catalysis Agent replacement, is additionally provided with the inlet and outlet of catalyst change on cracking gas catalytic unit.Effect of the alkenes cracking gas in catalyst Under, it is converted to alkene, aromatic hydrocarbons gas, is to carry out at a certain temperature, therefore be provided with more combustions in catalyst chamber again Gas heating tube, the gas heating pipe are connected to cracking room, using the waste heat of cracking room heating cracking still, are given by gas heating pipe Catalyst heating, tail gas are discharged through gas gathering mask by exhaust pipe.Catalytic temperature is controlled at 380 DEG C~500 DEG C.
Cracking gas catalytic unit is run under 1-1.05 standard atmospheric pressure environment, and safety in production pressure control is 1.1 A standard atmospheric pressure after a period of use, easily causes filter net jam due to the filter core of filter layer, and cracking gas is not in cracking still Smoothness, cracking air pressure increase, and form security risk, therefore are additionally provided with apparatus for detecting pressure below filter core again, when cracking air pressure After safety in production pressure, filter core is replaced in time.
S302, open cooling layer coolant liquid exits and entrances valve, cooling water made to be in recurrent state, catalytically cracked gas by into Tracheae channel showerhead enters acquisition layer, then enters fractionation layer through partition aperture, and the heavy oil ingredient in catalytically cracked gas is in filter core table Face condensation after, part under the effect of gravity toward flow down, be not easy in cracking gas the uncooled heavy oil ingredient of condensed components and part after It is continuous to rise, it is partially not easy condensed components when rising to cooling layer partition, in cracking gas and uncooled heavy oil ingredient is condensed, Condensed component is toward flowing down, and when encountering the high-temperature catalytically cracked gas of rising, part by by thermal evaporation, then condenses again again, Heavy oil component is fractionated by condensation gasification repeatedly, and it is further cold by exhaust pipe conveying condensing tower to fail cooling lightweight oil ingredient But.Condensed mink cell focus component fluids, through the aperture on partition enter acquisition layer collect, when collection reaches it is a certain amount of when, open Oil liquid discharge gate valve is opened, discharge oil liquid to oil storage tank stores.There are diesel oil, kerosene, gasoline and combustible gas in catalytically cracked gas Component, condensation (gasification) point according to diesel oil, kerosene, gasoline is different, and in fractionating column, main purpose is in catalytically cracked gas Heavy oil ingredient (carbon atom number is in 10-22 diesel oil) be fractionated collect, according to the gasification point temperature of diesel oil about 180 DEG C~400 DEG C the characteristics of, the temperature of fractionating column is controlled at 180 DEG C~220 DEG C.Fractionating column is improved point using the replaceable fractionation filter core of activity The degree of purity for evaporating object improves oil quality, and cost is relatively low for reasonable in design, manufacture, use and maintenance, and low energy consumption, fractionation Diesel component purity is high out.
After S303, unlatching inlet valve make cooling water be in recurrent state, cracking gas intake valve is opened, catalytically cracked gas is worked as Into after lower condenser, the gas cooling that carbon atom number is 11-17 sinks to bottom at liquid for kerosene ingredient, from liquid outlet It is discharged into oil storage tank collection;Uncooled gas enters upper condenser by connecting pipe, through upper condenser again by carbon original The gas that subnumber is 5-12 is condensed into liquid, forms gasolene ingredient and sinks to upper layer bottom, is discharged and collects from liquid outlet;It is uncooled Carbon atom number in 5 gases below, be expelled to gas storage tank through cracking gas outlet and deposit and utilized as combustible gas.After being fractionated Catalytically cracked gas in carbon atom number 18 hereinafter, this portion gas has kerosene oil-gas, gasoline gas and combustible gas component, according to coal Oil, condensation (gasification) point of gasoline are different, control in the condensation room temperature of lower condensate layer at 160 DEG C~200 DEG C, can be by carbon atom Gas (kerosene oil-gas) liquefaction that number is 11-17 is kerosene, controls in the condensation room temperature of upper condensate layer at 25 DEG C~55 DEG C, can incite somebody to action The gas (gasoline gas) that carbon atom number is 5-12 can be liquefied as gasoline, uncooled carbon atom number is in 5 gases below, through upper The discharge of layer gas outlet.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features;And these modification or Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device, which is characterized in that described device includes: thermal cracker, emission-control equipment With cracking gas recovering device;
The thermal cracker includes: to crush feed hopper, sterilizing melting pipeline, thermal cracking tank, cracking heating furnace and integrated stand; Pulverizer is equipped in the crushing feed hopper;The sterilizing melting pipeline is equipped with feeding spiro rod and driving motor, the feeding spiral shell Bar surface is equipped with helical blade, and the feeding spiro rod is fixed on the output shaft of the driving motor, the feeding spiro rod Conduit enclosure is equipped with driving motor outside;The sterilizing melting pipeline feed end connects the crushing feed hopper, and discharge end connects The thermal cracking tank is connect, is equipped with exhaust outlet and air inlet in the middle part of the sterilizing melting pipeline;Pass through pipe in the middle part of the thermal cracking tank Road connects the cracking heating furnace, and the thermal cracking tank is equipped with exhaust outlet, pusher and slag-drip opening, and the exhaust outlet is located at hot tearing Tank upper end is solved, the slag-drip opening is located at one end of the relatively described sterilizing melting pipeline of thermal cracking tank, and the pusher is located at hot tearing It solves inside tank, end connects the slag-drip opening;The crushing feed hopper, sterilizing melting pipeline, thermal cracking tank and cracking heating Furnace is fixed on the integrated stand;
The emission-control equipment includes: gas neutralizing tank and gas dry tank;The gas neutralizing tank is equipped with air inlet pipe, exhaust Pipe and leakage fluid dram;The air inlet pipe is connect with the exhaust outlet of the sterilizing melting pipeline, and the exhaust pipe connects institute with leakage fluid dram State gas dry tank;The gas dry tank is double cylinder structure, including shell and inner cylinder, among the shell and inner cylinder Equipped with insulating layer;The gas dry tank is provided with air inlet, screw rod, motor, sparge pipe, slag-drip opening, exhaust outlet and hot gas and enters Mouthful;The air inlet connects the exhaust pipe of the gas neutralizing tank, and the screw rod is arranged on the motor shaft, and screw surface is set There is helical blade, the sparge pipe is fixedly connected with the leakage fluid dram of the gas neutralizing tank, and the exhaust outlet is connected by pipeline Air inlet in the middle part of the sterilizing melting pipeline;
The cracking gas recovering device includes: catalytic tower, fractionating column and condensing tower, and the catalytic tower, fractionating column and condensing tower are logical Piping is connected with each other.
2. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the catalytic tower includes gas collection Cylindrical shell is equipped with outside layer, Catalytic Layer and filter layer, the Catalytic Layer and filter layer;The filter layer inlet end and the heat The exhaust outlet of crack tank is connected, and exhaust end is connected with the Catalytic Layer;The filter layer is equipped with filter core, and the Catalytic Layer includes Crack air cavity, catalyst chamber and catalysis air cavity, the cracking air cavity is connected with the filter layer exhaust end, the catalyst chamber with It is catalyzed in the cavity wall of air cavity and is equipped with through-hole, the cracking air cavity, catalyst chamber and catalysis air cavity are connected to by the through-hole, outside Portion wraps the cylindrical shell;The catalyst chamber filling is equipped with solid catalyst;The cracking air cavity, catalyst chamber and catalysis Air cavity upper end is equipped with partition;The catalyst chamber is equipped with gas heating pipe, gas heating pipe lower end air inlet and the thermal cracking The exhaust outlet of tank is connected, and gas heating pipe upper end exhaust outlet extends in the partition to the collection gas-bearing formation;The cylindrical shell Top is equipped with catalysis gas exhaust outlet and catalyst feeds, and lower part is equipped with catalyst discharge gate;The exhaust outlet is connected by pipeline Connect the fractionating column;The collection gas-bearing formation includes gas gathering mask and exhaust pipe;The gas gathering mask be located at the Catalytic Layer top and with institute Cylindrical shell connection setting is stated, the exhaust pipe is set at the top of the gas gathering mask upper end;
3. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fractionating column includes liquid collecting Layer, fractionation layer and cooling layer, the acquisition layer, fractionation layer and cooling layer outside are equipped with cylindrical shell;The fractionation layer top is set There is fractionation filter core, bottom is equipped with partition and riser, and the partition is equipped with through-hole, and the partition upper end is equipped with the riser, The riser is equipped with strainer, and inlet end extends hull outside and is connected with the catalyst converter exhaust outlet of the catalytic tower, exhaust end Below the fractionation filter core;The partition lower end connects the acquisition layer, and the acquisition layer bottom is equipped with oil liquid discharge gate; The cooling layer is connected above the fractionation layer, and the cooling layer two sides are fixed with coolant liquid feed inlet and cooling respectively Liquid discharge port, the cooling layer and the fractionation layer junction are fixed with sealing baffle, the row of being equipped at the cooling layer orthocenter Tracheae, the exhaust pipe inlet end extend sealing baffle lower end surface to the fractionation layer top, and exhaust pipe exhaust end extends To the cooling layer top outside cylindrical shell;
4. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the condensing tower includes catalysis Cracking gas import, lower condenser, lower header, lower condensate outlet, middle water tank, upper water box, upper condenser, catalytically cracked gas go out Mouth, upper condensate outlet and connecting pipe;The catalytically cracked gas import is fixedly connected on the lower condenser, and with described point Tower exhaust pipe exhaust end is evaporated to be connected;The lower condenser bottom is fixed with lower condensate outlet, and the lower condenser bottom end is solid Surely the lower header is connected, top is fixedly connected equipped with the middle water tank;The lower header is equipped with drainage pipeline;The middle water tank Top is fixedly connected with the upper condenser, and the upper condenser bottom is fixed with condensate outlet, and top is equipped with described urge Change cracking gas outlet, the upper condenser is fixedly connected with the lower condenser by the connecting pipe;The upper water box bottom Portion is fixedly connected with the upper condenser top, and top is equipped with water inlet line;
5. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the catalytic tower filter core is circle Cylindricality, diameter are identical as the cracking air cavity diameter;The filter core is made of the superposition of multi-layer circular filtering net plate, strainer It is separated by 1.5cm, aperture of filter screen 0.5mm between piece, the filter core lower end is equipped with snorkel and connect with air gauge;The catalyst Interval is 3cm between the through-hole that chamber and the cavity wall for being catalyzed air cavity are equipped with, and the through-hole diameter is 2mm.The fractionating column It is fractionated filter core, multi-layer circular filtering net plate is equipped with, is separated by 1cm, aperture of filter screen 0.5mm, the cooling layer between the filtering net plate Pass through flanged joint between fractionation layer.
6. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the condensing tower catalytic pyrolysis Gas outlet is connected with combustible gas collecting tank, and the condensing tower condensate outlet is separately connected with the fractionating column oil liquid discharge gate Equipped with oil storage tank.
7. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless method, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
It is crushed Step 1: doctor's plastic refuse enters crushing feed hopper;
Step 2: smashed rubbish is sent into sterilizing melting pipeline by feeding spiro rod, microwave is carried out by first half in cavity and is gone out Bacterium, latter half carry out plastic molten melt, and the exhaust gas that microwave sterilization and melting generate is discharged, into exhaust gas by the exhaust outlet at middle part Processing unit is handled;
Step 3: the plastics after melting are sent into thermal cracking tank by feeding spiro rod, thermal cracking tank is heated by cracking heating furnace, The plastics of melting crack gasification at high temperature and form cracking gas, and cracking gas is discharged by thermal cracking tank exhaust outlet, return into cracking gas It receives and is recycled processing using module, fail the solidfied material of gasification by pusher push-in slag-drip opening discharge.
8. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in the step 2 exhaust gas without Evilization processing, specifically:
Air inlet pipe collects vapor, sour gas, chlorine and is sent into lye in gas neutralizing tank, with gas neutralizing tank through pipeline and carries out It neutralizes, forms carbon dioxide gas and vapor and be discharged by exhaust pipe;Saline solution is formed through being pressurized the spray connected by leakage fluid dram Liquid pipe enters drying chamber, and the hot exhaust gas outlet of pipeline and melter enters heat of the drying chamber as drying chamber by hot gas inlet Source, it is dry to the saline solution of penetrating, it is dry after solidfied material, slag-drip opening discharge is sent to by screw rod and is collected, it is dry in vapor by Exhaust outlet discharge.
9. a kind of rubbish processing to be harmless method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that recycle benefit in the step 3 With processing, step is specifically included:
Step 1: cracking gas, which removes dust-filtering through filter layer, enters cracking air cavity, pass through the venthole in cracking air cavity cavity wall Into catalyst chamber, under the effect of the catalyst, alkenes cracking gas is converted to alkene, aromatic hydrocarbons gas, into catalysis air cavity After collection, fractionating column is entered by exhaust outlet;
Step 2: opening cooling layer coolant liquid exits and entrances valve, cooling water is set to be in recurrent state, catalytically cracked gas passes through air inlet Pipeline spray head enters acquisition layer, then enters fractionation layer through partition aperture, and the heavy oil ingredient in catalytically cracked gas is in cartridge surface After condensation, part is not easy the uncooled heavy oil ingredient of condensed components and part and continues under the effect of gravity toward flowing down in cracking gas Rise, condensed components are partially not easy when rising to cooling layer partition, in cracking gas and uncooled heavy oil ingredient is condensed, it is cold Component after solidifying is toward flowing down, and when encountering the high-temperature catalytically cracked gas of rising, part by by thermal evaporation, then condenses, instead again again Heavy oil component is fractionated by multiple condensation gasification, and it is further cold by exhaust pipe conveying condensing tower to fail cooling lightweight oil ingredient But.Condensed mink cell focus component fluids, through the aperture on partition enter acquisition layer collect, when collection reaches it is a certain amount of when, open Oil liquid discharge gate valve is opened, discharge oil liquid to oil storage tank stores;
Step 3: open after inlet valve makes cooling water be in recurrent state, opening cracking gas intake valve, when catalytically cracked gas into After entering lower condenser, the gas cooling that carbon atom number is 11-17 sinks to bottom for kerosene ingredient, arranges from liquid outlet at liquid Enter oil storage tank out to collect;Uncooled gas enters upper condenser by connecting pipe, through upper condenser again by carbon atom The gas that number is 5-12 is condensed into liquid, forms gasolene ingredient and sinks to upper layer bottom, is discharged and collects from liquid outlet;It is uncooled Carbon atom number is expelled to gas storage tank through cracking gas outlet and deposits as combustible gas utilization in 5 gases below.
CN201810810935.4A 2018-07-23 2018-07-23 A kind of rubbish processing to be harmless device and method Pending CN108994050A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111909714A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-10 武汉瀚德科技发展有限责任公司 Energy conversion processing technology based on continuous treatment of marine plastic waste
CN116600898A (en) * 2021-08-26 2023-08-15 株式会社吉恩科创 Waste treatment device and waste treatment method using same
CN116872397A (en) * 2023-09-07 2023-10-13 江苏华旭环卫科技有限公司 Waste plastic film forming and thermal cracking device and method

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CN204400912U (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-06-17 浙江大道环保科技有限公司 For waste plastic oil-refining band riser from return-flow type separation column
CN106701140A (en) * 2017-03-01 2017-05-24 安徽中陆环保设备科技有限公司 Molten cracking device for harmless treatment of metal plastic garbage
CN206418077U (en) * 2017-01-11 2017-08-18 杨成志 Biohazard Waste harmless treatment and the special equipment of recycling

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CN204400914U (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-06-17 浙江大道环保科技有限公司 For the radial catalytic tower of the band squirrel-cage fluid heating pipe of waste plastic oil-refining
CN204400912U (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-06-17 浙江大道环保科技有限公司 For waste plastic oil-refining band riser from return-flow type separation column
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111909714A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-10 武汉瀚德科技发展有限责任公司 Energy conversion processing technology based on continuous treatment of marine plastic waste
CN116600898A (en) * 2021-08-26 2023-08-15 株式会社吉恩科创 Waste treatment device and waste treatment method using same
CN116600898B (en) * 2021-08-26 2024-05-07 株式会社吉恩科创 Waste treatment device and waste treatment method using same
CN116872397A (en) * 2023-09-07 2023-10-13 江苏华旭环卫科技有限公司 Waste plastic film forming and thermal cracking device and method

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Application publication date: 20181214