CN108988450A - Intelligent Charger for Electric Bicycle and charging method with fire-proof and explosion-proof function - Google Patents
Intelligent Charger for Electric Bicycle and charging method with fire-proof and explosion-proof function Download PDFInfo
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- CN108988450A CN108988450A CN201811024359.7A CN201811024359A CN108988450A CN 108988450 A CN108988450 A CN 108988450A CN 201811024359 A CN201811024359 A CN 201811024359A CN 108988450 A CN108988450 A CN 108988450A
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- battery
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- electric bicycle
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00038—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors
- H02J7/00041—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors in response to measured battery parameters, e.g. voltage, current or temperature profile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Intelligent Charger for Electric Bicycle, belong to electric bicycle technical field, including microcontroller and the alternating-current switch being connected with the microcontroller, adjustable DC power supply, charging control switch, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, memory and display module.In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of charging methods of battery of electric bicycle based on above-mentioned charger.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, different model battery can be matched, adjust automatically charge parameter solves the problems, such as that charger for electric bicycle cannot be general;2, there is residual current protection, guarantee user's personal safety.It can be automatically powered off after being full of with safeguard functions, batteries such as anti-overcharge, anti-over-voltage, anti-overflow and anti-overheats.Guarantee battery charging process safety.With charging voltage temperature compensation function, guarantee that battery does not overcharge, not charge less, little moisture loss extends battery.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric bicycle technical fields, and in particular to a kind of electric bicycle with fire-proof and explosion-proof function
Intelligent charger and charging method.
Background technique
Common charger may be only available for the battery of certain fixing model, may if charger and battery signal mismatch
Cause battery that can not charge or seriously overcharge, or even battery catches fire is caused to explode.The charge parameter of regular charger be according to
New battery parameter adjustment, with the aging of battery in use, it may appear that the internal resistance increase of battery, capacity can be dropped, be filled
The Parameters variations such as electric tail current increase, will cause charger cannot switch to floating charge state by the state of filling in time, will also result in electricity
Pond seriously overcharges or even causes fire.It more than 80% is at night in fire incident case caused by electric bicycle through investigating
Occur when charging, many electric bicycle users at night charge by the time, battery be full of after cannot artificial power cutoff,
Common charger cannot automatically power off after battery is full of, and considerably increase over-charging of battery hidden danger on fire.In addition, common charging
There are no temperature compensation functions for device, and charge less summer in winter is be easy to cause to overcharge, and abnormal to battery temperature in charging process, do not have
Defencive function.Regular charger does not have hardware check function, if current limliting or pressure limiting circuit device failure are likely to cause safety
Accident.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of electric bicycle intelligent charges with fire-proof and explosion-proof function
Device and charging method, by carrying out identification to the battery parameter to be charged and formulating corresponding charging plan according to identification situation
Slightly, over-charging of battery overheat can be effectively prevented, extend battery life, prevent battery catches fire from exploding.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: it is a kind of with the electronic of fire-proof and explosion-proof function
Bicycle intelligent charger, which is characterized in that including microcontroller and the alternating-current switch being connected with the microcontroller, adjustable
DC power supply, charging control switch, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, memory and display module.
The present invention also provides a kind of charging methods of battery of electric bicycle based on above-mentioned charger, including following step
It is rapid: step A, battery to be connected with charger, charger identifies the parameter for the battery to be charged first, then by acquisition
Parameter is matched with the data in memory in battery parameter data library and finds immediate occurrence;
Step B, charger fills battery according to the corresponding charge parameter of closest match item in battery parameter data library
Electricity, to battery runs down after charging complete.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, different model battery can be matched, adjust automatically charge parameter solves electronic
Bicycle charger cannot be general problem, prevent because charger and battery mismatch lead to the security risks such as battery catches fire;2,
With residual current protection, guarantee user's personal safety.With the safeguard functions such as anti-overcharge, anti-over-voltage, anti-overflow and anti-overheat, electricity
Pond can automatically power off after being full of, and guarantee battery charging process safety.With charging voltage temperature-compensating and overheating protection function,
Prevent battery catches fire from exploding.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the control principle drawing of Intelligent Charger for Electric Bicycle of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that battery parameter identifies in step A;
Fig. 3 is different size battery state of charge-voltage curve schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the charge control schematic diagram in step B charging process.
In the accompanying drawings: 1 is microcontroller, and 2 be alternating-current switch, and 3 be adjustable DC power supply, and 4 be charging control switch, and 5 are
Voltage acquisition module, 6 be current acquisition module, and 7 be memory, and 8 be LCD MODULE, and 9 be battery temperature and environment temperature
Acquisition module, 10 be battery, and big arrow represents power supply line, and small arrow represents control line.
Specific embodiment
Referring to attached Fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a kind of Intelligent Charger for Electric Bicycle with fire-proof and explosion-proof function,
Including microcontroller 1 and the alternating-current switch 2 being connected with the microcontroller 1, adjustable DC power supply 3, charging control switch 4,
Voltage acquisition module 5, current acquisition module 6, memory 7, display module 8 and battery temperature and temperature collection module 9.
Alternating current passes through leakage current sensor and alternating-current switch 2, is connected to adjustable DC power supply 3.Microcontroller 1 controls adjustable
The output of DC power supply 3 and the matched voltage value of battery 10.DC voltage by being drawn after charging control switch 4 by charging connector,
Voltage acquisition module 5 and current acquisition module 6 are connected at charging connector.Electricity in battery temperature and temperature collection module 9
Pond cathode temperature sensor is close to charging connector cathode contact pin, and environment temperature sensor is mounted on the outside of charger casing.
The present invention also provides a kind of filling for battery of electric bicycle based on above-mentioned Intelligent Charger for Electric Bicycle
Method for electrically, comprising the following steps:
Step A, battery 10 is connected with charger, charger identifies the parameter for the battery 10 to be charged first, then will
The parameter of acquisition is matched with the data in battery parameter data library in memory 7 and finds immediate occurrence.
It include multiple groups battery data parameter in battery parameter data library, every group of battery data parameter includes voltage rating, electricity
Tankage, battery charge state value (SOC), maximum charging voltage, maximum charging current.
Referring to attached drawing 2 and 3, first have in this step identification the battery 10 to be charged current parameter, including with
Lower step:
Step (1) establishes representative cells pattern function
Wherein, u is measured battery voltage, and for range between 0~80V, U is nominal cell voltage, including 24V, 36V, 48V, 60V
Four kinds of voltages, SOC are present battery state-of-charge, and for range between 0~100%, T is battery cathode temperature, and i is actual measurement charging
Electric current, range is between 0~10A, and τ is the charging duration of setting, and C is battery capacity, and range is between 10Ah~38Ah;
Step (2), detection cell voltage u are compared with battery cathode temperature T and with the data in battery parameter data library, are obtained
One group to preliminary battery parameter may solve { u0,T0,U1,SOC1,C1, { u0,T0,U2,SOC2,C2... ..., { u0,T0,Un,
SOCn,Cn};
Step (3) is charged with electric current i, after charging duration τ stop charging, detection charging stop timing cell voltage u1 and
Battery cathode temperature T1, calculating SOC changing value Δ SOC, which obtains one group, to be solved:
{u1,T1,U1,SOC1+ΔSOC1,C1, { u1,T1,U2,SOC2+ΔSOC2,C2... ..., { u1,T1,Un,SOCn+Δ
SOCn,Cn,
Wherein u1Meet
Step (4), repetition n times step (3) obtain n group battery parameter disaggregation
Step (5), the residual sum of squares (RSS) for calculating measurement voltage value and parameter model calculated value
Then it asks n group solution to concentrate the smallest solution of residual sum of squares (RSS) SSR, obtains and representative cells model curve degree of fitting optimum solution
{ U, SOC, C } to get arrive present battery parameter (nominal cell voltage value, present battery state of charge, battery capacity),
In, cell voltage measured value is uM(M=1~N)
Cell model predictive value u 'M=fm(Um,SOCm+M*ΔSOCm,Tm) (M=1~N, m=1~n).
Step B, charger is according to the corresponding charge parameter of closest match item in battery parameter data library to battery 10
It charges, battery 10 is powered off after charging complete.Current charging is shown by LCD MODULE during charging
Parameter.
It include that constant current fills stage, constant pressure and fills stage and intermittent charge rank to the process that battery 10 charges referring to attached drawing 4
Section.Specifically, first with IMAXThe constant current mode of filling charges, when charging voltage is increased to UMAXAfterwards, charging voltage is kept not
Become, the stage is filled into constant pressure and starts timing, wherein IMAX=0.15C~0.3C, UMAX=1.20U~1.30U.Into constant pressure
After filling the stage, when detect charging current be less than IC1Or it is more than T that constant pressure, which fills the duration,1Afterwards, stop charging, between
It has a rest and the charging stage and starts timing, wherein IC1=0.03C~0.04C, T1=2h~6h.Into after the intermittent charge stage, in real time
Cell voltage is monitored, when charging voltage is greater than UMAXWhen, stop charging, when cell voltage drops to UCAfterwards, start with electric current IC2It is permanent
Current charge so recycles, wherein UC=1.10U~1.15U, IC2=0.04C~0.1C, intermittent charge phase duration T2
For 0.5h~3h, stopping charging after the time arrives.
Acquire environment temperature T and battery charging contacts position temperature T in real time in above-mentioned charging processBAT.It was charging
Cheng Zhongke is according to battery temperature TBATCharging current is adjusted in real time, specifically, according to detected battery temperature TBATAutomatically it repairs
Positive maximum charging voltage value UMAX(T), wherein UMAX(T)=k1(T-25)U25, UMAX(T) battery when battery temperature is T is indicated
Maximum charging voltage value, T is between -10 DEG C~55 DEG C, k1For battery temperature compensation coefficient, value -0.1%/DEG C~-
0.3%/DEG C between, U25Indicate the battery maximum charging voltage value when battery temperature is 25 DEG C.
According to battery temperature T in charging processBAT, current limliting temperature difference threshold Δ TMAXAnd battery temperature TBATWith environment temperature T
Difference DELTA T adjust charging current in real time, when detecting battery temperature TBATIt is greater than Δ T with the difference DELTA T of environment temperature TMAX1
When, adjusting charging current is In+1=k2(ΔT-ΔTMAX1)In;When detecting that battery temperature heating rate is more than Δ TMAX2/ s is then
Reduce charging current to In+1=k3*In, wherein Δ TMAX1Value range is I between 5 DEG C~10 DEG CnFor current charging current,
In+1For charging current after adjusting, k2For adjustment factor andBattery temperature TBATSampling period is 1s
Between~5s, k3 is adjustment factor, and value range is Δ T between 0.5~0.8MAX2Value range is between 3 DEG C~5 DEG C.
Charging has multi-step temperature defencive function in overcharging.When detecting battery temperature T in charging processBATLower than charging
Low temperature threshold TMAX1Or it is higher than overheat and stops charging threshold TMAX2When, stop charging;As battery temperature TBATWith the temperature of environment temperature T
Poor Δ T is greater than temperature difference threshold Δ TMAX3When stop charging and report temperature difference Threshold Crossing Alert, detection battery temperature rise speed is more than Δ
TMAX4/ s then stops charging immediately, and generates sound-light alarm, wherein TMAX1Value range is between -20 DEG C~-10 DEG C, TMAX2It takes
It is worth range between 55 DEG C~65 DEG C, Δ TMAX3Value range is between 15 DEG C~20 DEG C, Δ TMAX4Value range is 5 DEG C~10
Between DEG C, battery temperature TBATSampling period is 1s~5s.
Intelligent charger of the present invention can automatically detect battery parameter, be applicable to the electric bicycle electricity of different model
Pond.Using intelligent charge strategy, battery can automatically power off after being full of, and preventing from charging for a long time leads to over-charging of battery and dehydration,
Extend battery cycle life, prevent battery catches fire from exploding, guarantees charging safety.With charging voltage temperature-compensating and overheating protection
Function guarantees that battery does not overcharge, not charge less, and little moisture loss guarantees charging safety.
Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof;To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments for pipe, it should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: still
It can modify to a specific embodiment of the invention or some technical features can be equivalently replaced;Without departing from this hair
The spirit of bright technical solution should all cover within the scope of the technical scheme claimed by the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Intelligent Charger for Electric Bicycle with fire-proof and explosion-proof function, which is characterized in that including microcontroller (1) with
And alternating-current switch (2), adjustable DC power supply (3), the charging control switch (4), voltage acquisition being connected with the microcontroller (1)
Module (5), current acquisition module (6), memory (7) and display module (8).
2. the Intelligent Charger for Electric Bicycle according to claim 1 with fire-proof and explosion-proof function, which is characterized in that also
Including the battery temperature being connected with the microcontroller (1) and temperature collection module (9).
3. a kind of charging method of battery of electric bicycle is based on electric bicycle intelligent charge of any of claims 1 or 2
Device, which comprises the following steps:
Step A, battery (10) is connected with charger, charger identifies the parameter of the battery to be charged (10) first, so
The parameter of acquisition is matched with the data in the interior battery parameter data library of memory (7) afterwards and finds immediate matching
?;
Step B, charger according to the corresponding charge parameter of closest match item in battery parameter data library to battery (10) into
Row charging, powers off battery (10) after charging complete.
4. the charging method of battery of electric bicycle according to claim 3, which is characterized in that charger in step
Identification to wanted rechargeable battery parameter the following steps are included:
Step (1) establishes representative cells pattern function
Wherein, u is measured battery voltage, and for range between 0~80V, U is nominal cell voltage, including 24V, 36V, 48V, 60V
Four kinds of voltages, SOC are present battery state-of-charge, and for range between 0~100%, T is battery cathode temperature, and i is actual measurement charging
Electric current, range is between 0~10A, and τ is the charging duration of setting, and C is battery capacity, and range is between 10Ah~38Ah;
Step (2), detection cell voltage u are compared with battery cathode temperature T and with the data in battery parameter data library, are obtained
One group to preliminary battery parameter may solve { u0,T0,U1,SOC1,C1, { u0,T0,U2,SOC2,C2... ..., { u0,T0,Un,
SOCn,Cn};
Step (3) is charged with electric current i, stops charging, detection charging stop timing cell voltage u after charging duration τ1And electricity
Pond cathode temperature T1, calculating SOC changing value Δ SOC, which obtains one group, to be solved:
{u1,T1,U1,SOC1+ΔSOC1,C1, { u1,T1,U2,SOC2+ΔSOC2,C2... ..., { u1,T1,Un,SOCn+ΔSOCn,
Cn,
Wherein u1Meet
Step (4), repetition n times step (3) obtain n group battery parameter disaggregation
Step (5), the residual sum of squares (RSS) for calculating measurement voltage value and parameter model calculated value
Then it asks n group solution to concentrate the smallest solution of residual sum of squares (RSS) SSR, obtains and representative cells model curve degree of fitting optimum solution
{ U, SOC, C },
Wherein cell voltage measured value is uM(M=1~N)
Cell model predictive value u 'M=fm(Um,SOCm+M*ΔSOCm,Tm) (M=1~N, m=1~n).
5. the charging method of battery of electric bicycle according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in battery parameter data library
Including multiple groups battery data parameter, every group of battery data parameter includes voltage rating, battery capacity, battery charge state value, most
Big charging voltage, maximum charging current.
6. the charging method of battery of electric bicycle according to claim 3, which is characterized in that filled in step B to battery
The process of electricity includes that constant current is filled stage, constant pressure and filled stage and intermittent charge stage, and electricity according to claim 5
Pond data parameters adjust automatically charged state and charge parameter;First with maximum charging current IMAXThe constant current mode of filling is filled
Electricity, when charging voltage is increased to maximum charging voltage UMAXAfterwards, it keeps charging voltage constant, the stage is filled into constant pressure and is started
Timing, wherein IMAX=0.15C~0.3C, UMAX=1.20U~1.30U;After filling the stage into constant pressure, when detect charging electricity
Flow IC1Between 0.03C~0.04C or constant pressure to fill the duration be more than T1Afterwards, stop charging, simultaneously into the intermittent charge stage
Start timing, wherein T1=2h~6h;Into after the intermittent charge stage, real-time monitoring cell voltage, when charging voltage is greater than UMAX
When, stop charging, when cell voltage drops to UCAfterwards, start with electric current IC2Constant-current charge so recycles, wherein UC=1.10U
~1.15U, IC2=0.04C~0.1C, intermittent charge phase duration T2 are 0.5h~3h, stopping charging after the time arrives.
7. according to the charging method of the described in any item battery of electric bicycle of claim 3-6, which is characterized in that charging
Environment temperature T and battery charging contacts position temperature T are acquired in journey in real timeBAT, and according to detected battery temperature TBATFrom
Dynamic amendment maximum charging voltage value UMAX(T), wherein UMAX(T)=k1(T-25)U25, UMAX(T) it indicates when battery temperature is T
Battery maximum charging voltage value, T is between -10 DEG C~55 DEG C, k1For battery temperature compensation coefficient, value -0.1%/DEG C~-
0.3%/DEG C between, U25Indicate the battery maximum charging voltage value when battery temperature is 25 DEG C.
8. the charging method of battery of electric bicycle according to claim 7, which is characterized in that according to electricity in charging process
Pond temperature TBAT, current limliting temperature difference threshold Δ TMAXAnd battery temperature TBATCharging electricity is adjusted in real time with the difference DELTA T of environment temperature T
Stream, when detecting battery temperature TBATIt is greater than Δ T with the difference DELTA T of environment temperature TMAX1When, adjusting charging current is In+1=k2
(ΔT-ΔTMAX1)In;When detecting that battery temperature heating rate is more than Δ TMAX2/ s then reduces charging current to In+1=k3*In,
Wherein, Δ TMAX1Value range is I between 5 DEG C~10 DEG CnFor current charging current, In+1For charging current after adjusting, k2To adjust
Save coefficient andBattery temperature TBATSampling period, k3 was adjustment factor between 1s~5s, was taken
Being worth range is Δ T between 0.5~0.8MAX2Value range is between 3 DEG C~5 DEG C.
9. the charging method of battery of electric bicycle according to claim 8, which is characterized in that work as detection in charging process
To battery temperature TBATLower than charging low temperature threshold TMAX1Or it is higher than overheat and stops charging threshold TMAX2When, stop charging;Work as battery
Temperature TBATIt is greater than temperature difference threshold Δ T with the temperature difference T of environment temperature TMAX3When stop charge and report temperature difference Threshold Crossing Alert, examine
Surveying battery temperature rise speed is more than Δ TMAX4/ s then stops charging immediately, and generates sound-light alarm, wherein TMAX1Value range is -20
DEG C~-10 DEG C between, TMAX2Value range is between 55 DEG C~65 DEG C, Δ TMAX3Value range is between 15 DEG C~20 DEG C, Δ
TMAX4Value range is between 5 DEG C~10 DEG C, battery temperature TBATSampling period is 1s~5s.
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CN113178922A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-27 | 浙江特康电子科技有限公司 | Charging control method, system and device and charging device |
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