CN108979961A - A kind of miniature wind power generation system safe operation protection system and its guard method - Google Patents
A kind of miniature wind power generation system safe operation protection system and its guard method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108979961A CN108979961A CN201810832668.0A CN201810832668A CN108979961A CN 108979961 A CN108979961 A CN 108979961A CN 201810832668 A CN201810832668 A CN 201810832668A CN 108979961 A CN108979961 A CN 108979961A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of miniature wind power generation systems to be safely operated protection system, including electric power transfer unit and control unit；The electric power transfer unit includes being connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit of wind-driven generator output end, and the rectified circuit of the output end of DC-DC conversion circuit connects DC bus, inversion grid connection；Described control unit includes input power and wind-driven generator revolving speed of the monitoring device to real-time monitoring DC-DC conversion circuit；Relief arrangement to from separated in wind driven generator output power part electric energy input battery in；Revolving speed of the speed-limiting device to limit wind-driven generator；Arresting gear is to stop wind-driven generator operating；The data that the controller is monitored to receive monitoring device; relief arrangement, speed-limiting device, arresting gear and rectification circuit work are controlled after carrying out calculation process; the present invention guarantees wind generator system in its overload or when encountering violent typhoon; it still can even running; ensure its safety and practicability, can be used in wind-power electricity generation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind generator system, in particular to miniature wind power generation system safe operation protection system and
Its guard method.
Background technique
Over nearly 3 years, Wind Power Generation Industry enters the high speed development stage, and global installed capacity of wind-driven power average annual growth rate exceedes 20%.
Continue to keep rapid growth in Global Wind-energy market in 2007.By in April, 2008, this number has more reached 100GW.It is expected that
The year two thousand twenty wind-power electricity generation will account for the 12% of world power total amount, become fastest-rising rising industry in power industry.And now
Miniature wind power generation system application is all the more extensive, and structure is simple, and Local Adaptation is strong, stablizes the advantages that convenient and is connect by market
By.
Wind-power electricity generation includes being mechanical energy by wind energy transformation and being converted into two conversion process of energy of electric energy by mechanical energy, is sent out
Electric motor and controller System Take latter energy convert task.But either generator or its control system, there is phase
It may be more than generator and control when because extraneous wind-force is excessive or wind speed is excessively high to the fixed ability upper limit
The upper limit of the power of system damages the fairing of entire wind generator system.Therefore design one safety, comprehensive small wind
Electricity generation system safe operation protection system is particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of miniature wind power generation system safe operation protection system and its guard methods, really
It protects under blower Overload, system can be safely operated, and when encountering uncontrollable violent typhoon, Neng Goubao
Demonstrate,prove blower fan power generation system safety.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of miniature wind power generation system safe operation protection system, feature
It is, including electric power transfer unit and control unit；
The electric power transfer unit includes being connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit of wind-driven generator output end, DC-DC transformation electricity
The rectified circuit of the output end on road connects DC bus, inversion grid connection；
Described control unit includes monitoring device, relief arrangement, speed-limiting device, arresting gear and controller；
Input power and wind-driven generator revolving speed of the monitoring device to real-time monitoring DC-DC conversion circuit；
Relief arrangement to from separated in wind driven generator output power part electric energy input battery in；
Revolving speed of the speed-limiting device to limit wind-driven generator；
Arresting gear is to stop wind-driven generator operating；
The data that the controller is monitored to receive monitoring device control relief arrangement, limit after carrying out calculation process
Speed variator, arresting gear and rectification circuit work.
It is further limited as of the invention, the monitoring device includes rotation speed of fan monitoring device and DC-DC transformation electricity
Road input power observation circuit；The rotation speed of fan monitoring device includes Hall-type motor speed sensor and rotation speed monitoring conditioning
Circuit, the Hall-type motor speed sensor are mounted on by wind-driven generator rotate gear, are turned to monitor wind-driven generator
Movable tooth wheel speed, the rotation speed monitoring conditioning circuit, the voltage signal to export to Hall-type motor speed sensor carry out
Conditioning；The DC-DC conversion circuit input power observation circuit includes tension measuring circuit and current measurement circuit, to DC-DC
The input voltage and input current of converting means is sampled, so that the input power of rectification circuit be calculated.
It is further limited as of the invention, the rotation speed monitoring conditioning circuit includes voltage follower and operation amplifier electricity
Road, voltage follower realize that voltage is isolated using the high input impedance charcteristic of voltage follower, reduce late-class circuit to sampling electricity
The influence on road, operational amplification circuit carry out the amplification of input pulse voltage magnitude；Electricity of the controller to operational amplification circuit output end
Position carries out detection timing and counting, according to incuding the number of teeth of magnetizer and receiving the period of square-wave signal, utilizes formula
Rotation speed of fan, the formula can be calculated are as follows:
Wherein, v is rotation speed of fan, unit r/min；N is the number of teeth for incuding magnetizer, unit；T is square-wave pulse week
Phase, unit s.
It is further limited as of the invention, the tension measuring circuit two concatenated divider resistance R4, R5, two pressure stabilizings two
Pole pipe D1, D2, operational amplifier and optocoupler HCNR200, the tension measuring circuit are divided into three-level, and first order operation is put
Big device forms voltage follower, realizes that voltage is isolated using the high input impedance charcteristic of voltage follower, reduces late-class circuit pair
The influence of sample circuit；Second level operational amplifier forms current negative feedback circuit, utilizes photodiode PD1 detection LED's
Light output amount, and adjust automatically is by the electric current of LED, it is non-caused by the variation and any other reason to compensate LED light output
Linearly, which is mainly used for stablizing the light output of LED and makes its linearisation；The output circuit of third level amplifier composition
Realize the conversion function between electric current and voltage, stable, linear change the current signal that photodiode PD2 is exported turns
It changes voltage signal into and exports.
It is further limited as of the invention, the both ends of described concatenated divider resistance R4, R5 are used as input terminal
DC-DC conversion circuit input voltage, between two zener diode D1, D2 that the electrode points between divider resistance R4, R5 are concatenated
Electrode points connect the input anode of first order operational amplifier TL074, the plus earth of zener diode D1, cathode connects pressure stabilizing two
The anode of pole pipe D2, the cathode of zener diode D2 connect power supply, and the input cathode of first order operational amplifier TL074 is exported with it
End is connected, the input terminal of the output termination optocoupler HCNR200 of first order operational amplifier TL074, optocoupler HCNR200
Including a Light-emitting diode LED and two photodiodes PD1, PD2, the output of first order operational amplifier TL074 is terminated
One end of resistance R6, the input cathode of another termination second level operational amplifier TL074 of resistance R6, second level operational amplifier
The input plus earth of TL074, the plus earth of photodiode PD1, cathode connect the input of second level operational amplifier TL074
Cathode, the output end of second level operational amplifier TL074 connect the cathode of Light-emitting diode LED, the anode warp of Light-emitting diode LED
Resistance R7 connects power supply, and the anode of Light-emitting diode LED also connects the input cathode of second level operational amplifier TL074 through capacitor C1；
The input cathode of third level operational amplifier TL074 connects the cathode of photodiode PD2, the plus earth of photodiode PD2,
Third level operational amplifier TL074 inputs plus earth, and the input cathode of third level operational amplifier TL074 is also through electricity in parallel
Resistance R8, capacitor C2 connect the output end of third level operational amplifier TL074, the output end conduct of third level operational amplifier TL074
The output end of optocoupler HCNR200.
Further limited as of the invention, the current measurement circuit include direct current current divider FL-2100A, resistance R9,
Resistance R10, capacitor C3, two zener diode D3, D4 and operational amplifier, optocoupler HCNR200, two zener diodes
The circuit structure of D3, D4, operational amplifier and optocoupler HCNR200 are identical as tension measuring circuit, direct current current divider FL-
2100A uses DC-DC conversion circuit input current, and resistance R9 mono- terminates the anode of direct current current divider FL-2100A, another termination
The input cathode of first order operational amplifier TL074, a termination reference voltage REF of resistance R10, another termination first order operation
The input cathode of amplifier TL074, the input cathode of a termination first order operational amplifier TL074 of capacitor C3, another termination
Ground, the cathode ground connection of direct current current divider FL-2100A.
It is further limited as of the invention, the relief arrangement includes non-isolated BUCK-BOOST circuit and electric power storage
Pond connects on the output end of DC-DC conversion circuit by the input terminal of non-isolated BUCK-BOOST circuit, non-isolated BUCK-
The output of BOOST circuit terminates battery.
It is further limited as of the invention, the speed-limiting device, which includes that one end is hinged, to be determined pressure bridge arm and move
Press bridge arm, and the other end for the bridge arm that presses surely is connected with DC magnetizing electromagnet, and the other end of dynamic pressure bridge arm is connected with permanent magnetism
It is correspondingly arranged on a pair of of speed limit holding claw in the middle part of body, the pressure bridge arm surely and dynamic pressure bridge arm, speed limit holding claw is distinguished through spring
It is mounted on fixed pressure bridge arm and dynamic pressure bridge arm, the hinged place of press surely bridge arm and dynamic pressure bridge arm is provided with separation pressure spring.
A kind of miniature wind power generation system safe operation guard method, is safely operated using miniature wind power generation system and is protected
System, the protection system include electric power transfer unit and control unit；
The electric power transfer unit includes being connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit of wind-driven generator output end, DC-DC transformation electricity
The rectified circuit of the output end on road connects DC bus, inversion grid connection；
Described control unit includes monitoring device, relief arrangement, speed-limiting device, arresting gear and controller；
Input power and wind-driven generator revolving speed of the monitoring device to real-time monitoring DC-DC conversion circuit；
Relief arrangement to from separated in wind driven generator output power part electric energy input battery in；
Revolving speed of the speed-limiting device to limit wind-driven generator；
Arresting gear is to stop wind-driven generator operating；
The data that the controller is monitored to receive monitoring device control relief arrangement, limit after carrying out calculation process
Speed variator, arresting gear and rectification circuit work, the guard method the following steps are included:
1) monitoring starts, and when wind generator system is started to work, safe operation protection system is in standby, wind-force hair
Electric system starts to work normally, and monitoring device starts the input power to rectification circuit, rotation speed of fan carries out real-time monitoring, sampling
The input voltage and input current value of DC-DC conversion circuit is obtained, is sent into controller, the input work of rectification circuit is obtained after being calculated
Rate, and carry out level-one judgement；
2) level-one judges, judges whether the input power of rectification circuit is greater than the rated power of rectification circuit, if being not more than,
Then keep safe operation protection system constant；If more than then carrying out second level judgement；
3) second level judges, judges whether the revolving speed of blower is higher than the maximum (top) speed of blower, if so, speed-limiting device is opened,
The revolving speed of blower is caused to be consistently lower than the maximum (top) speed of blower, if it is not, then carrying out three-level judgement；
4) three-level judges, judges whether input power is more than the rated power of rectification circuit and the capacity of relief arrangement
With, if so, speed-limiting device starts, makes blower reduction of speed, reduces the output power of wind-driven generator, and carry out level Four judgement,
5) level Four judges, starts by speed-limiting device, carries out reduction of speed to blower, judges whether speed limit success, i.e. blower
Whether revolving speed is lower than the maximum (top) speed of blower, if level Four is judged as NO, starts arresting gear at once, and pressure makes fan parking,
And disconnect grid-connected breaker, if level Four is judged as YES, again carry out three-level judgement, until three-level judging result be it is no, connect
Enter relief arrangement, share the output power of wind-driven generator, rectifies and charge to battery, and commutation inversion system is just
Often work.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are the present invention utilizes electronic equipment and controller realization pair
The coordinated control of monitoring device, relief arrangement, speed-limiting device and arresting gear, guarantee wind generator system in its overload or
It, still can even running, it is ensured that its safety and practicability when person encounters violent typhoon.The present invention can be used in wind-power electricity generation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to protect system block diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is guard method flow chart in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that system topological figure is protected in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is Hall-type motor speed sensor application principle figure in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is rotation speed monitoring conditioning circuit circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is tension measuring circuit schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is current measurement circuit schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is relief arrangement topological diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is speed-limiting device structural schematic diagram in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described combined with specific embodiments below.
As shown in Figure 1,3, the miniature wind power generation system is safely operated protection system, is the revolving speed by monitoring blower
And the input power of DC-DC conversion circuit, then it is compared with blower rated speed and rectification circuit rated power,
To make the protection act measure of corresponding maintenance wind generator system safe operation；The miniature wind power generation system safety
Operational protection system includes electric power transfer unit and control unit, and control unit includes four parts, and one is monitoring device,
Secondly being relief arrangement, thirdly being speed-limiting device, four be arresting gear, and electric power transfer unit is wind driven generator rotation hair
Electricity accesses DC bus by rectifier rectification at stable DC voltage, using gird-connected inverter, be reverse into three-phase or
Single-phase sinusoidal ac is grid-connected；Whether the access of relief arrangement is with disconnection and the access of battery, the speed limit journey of speed-limiting device
It spends, the start and stop of arresting gear judge the sampled value of the input voltage of revolving speed and rectifier by the controller of system,
To carry out closed-loop control.
As shown in Fig. 2, being safely operated guard method for a kind of miniature wind power generation system；Wind generator system is started to work
When, safe operation protection system is in standby, and wind generator system starts to work normally；Monitoring device starts to rectified current
The input power on road, rotation speed of fan carry out real-time monitoring, and sampling obtains the input voltage and input current value of DC-DC conversion circuit, are sent into
In controller, the input power of rectification circuit is obtained after being calculated, and carry out level-one judgement, judge the input work of rectification circuit
Whether rate is greater than the rated power of rectification circuit, if being not more than, keeps safe operation protection system constant；If more than, then into
The judgement of row second level continues to determine the maximum (top) speed whether revolving speed of blower is higher than blower, if so, speed-limiting device is opened, cause
The revolving speed of blower is consistently lower than the maximum (top) speed of blower.If it is not, then carrying out three-level judgement, rectification circuit is adopted according to monitoring device
The input power of sample, judge whether more than rectification circuit rated power and relief arrangement capacity and, if so, speed limit dress
Starting is set, blower reduction of speed is made, the output power of wind-driven generator is reduced, and carry out level Four judgement, starts by speed-limiting device, it is right
Blower carries out reduction of speed, detects whether speed limit success, the i.e. revolving speed of the blower maximum (top) speed that whether is lower than blower.If level Four is judged as
It is no, then start arresting gear at once, pressure makes fan parking, and disconnects grid-connected breaker.If level Four is judged as YES, again
Carry out three-level judgement, until three-level judging result be it is no, access relief arrangement, share the output power of wind-driven generator, rectification
And it charges to battery, and commutation inversion system worked well.
It include below that four parts are described further to control unit.
1. monitoring device
The monitoring device is respectively necessary for the input to the revolving speed and the DC-DC converting means of the wind-driven generator
Power is monitored.
1.1 rotation speed of fan monitoring devices
For the air monitoring using CZ400 Hall-type motor speed sensor, monitoring device uses Hall chip, sense
Tooth raised on magnetizer or concave slot are answered, and is transformed into an alternate electrical signal, good square-wave signal is exported, is used for
Detect the revolving speed of all kinds of rotating machineries.With spies such as non-contact, frequency response is wide, vibration resistance is strong, the good, strong antijamming capabilities of stability
Point.Therefore it can be used normally in the adverse circumstances locating for wind turbine power generation machine.The schematic diagram of the wind speed detection device such as Fig. 4
It is shown.Fan rotation speed detecting device is made of tested gear, speed probe, sensor stand and fixture nut.Tested tooth
Wheel is co-axially mounted with wind power generator rotor, and as the rotation of rotor rotates, speed probe incudes the protrusion on tested gear
Tooth, generate corresponding voltage value square-wave signal identical with supply voltage, exported.
CZ400 Hall-type motor speed sensor can effective detection blower fan revolving speed, it is confession that output, which is voltage value,
The square-wave signal of piezoelectric voltage value, and blower fan control system can only receive the voltage signal of 0~3.3V, so needing to sensor
Output voltage configures conditioning circuit, carries out the conditioning of sampled signal.It is the conditioning circuit of speed probe shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 is the conditioning circuit of the speed probe, and the output voltage values of sensor have been more than control circuit A/D conversion
Upper limit voltage, need to improve voltage, one is voltage follower, utilizes the high input impedance charcteristic of voltage follower
It realizes voltage isolation, reduces influence of the late-class circuit to sample circuit, secondly being operational amplification circuit, carry out input pulse voltage
Amplitude amplification.
Wherein operational amplifier amplification factor formula are as follows:
According to above formula to R2,R3Value be determined, VOUTThe input port of control module is accessed, controller is to the input
Mouthful current potential carry out detection timing and counting, according to the number of teeth of induction magnetizer and receive the period such as formula of square-wave signal
2, rotation speed of fan can be calculated, and compared with every speed threshold value, carry out the protection control work of the electricity generation system.
In formula 2, v is rotation speed of fan, unit r/min；N is the number of teeth for incuding magnetizer, unit；T is square-wave pulse week
Phase, unit s.
The input power of 1.2DC-DC converting means monitors
Pass through the output voltage and output electric current to uncontrollable rectification module, the i.e. input voltage of DC-DC converting means
Electric current is sampled, so that the input power of fairing is calculated, therefore the input power about DC-DC converting means,
The present invention respectively samples the input voltage U of DC-DC converting means and electric current I.It can be calculated by formula (3) in this way
To the input power of DC-DC converting means.
P=UI (3)
1.2.1 tension measuring circuit designs
Tension measuring circuit is as shown in Figure 6.Pass through two resistance R by the big voltage that rectifier comes out4And R5Series connection point
Pressure, obtains the voltage value that can carry out A/D conversion.But the big voltage forceful electric power signal as front end, it is necessary to control below
The digital circuits such as the A/D conversion circuit of device are kept apart, and otherwise, big voltage signal can be easy to seal in subsequent conditioning circuit, and will
It burns.Therefore, the monitoring device realizes the isolation of end voltage using novel precise linear optical coupling device HCNR200.
In Fig. 6, zener diode D1 and D2 shield, and prevent external interference signals from crossing circuit burnout behind senior general,
Diode also plays pressure stabilizing clipping simultaneously.The operational amplifier of 4 amplifiers, the voltage measurement electricity are integrated using TL074
Road one is divided into 3 grades, and first order amplifier forms voltage follower, realizes voltage using the high input impedance charcteristic of voltage follower
Isolation reduces influence of the late-class circuit to sample circuit.Second level amplifier forms current negative feedback circuit, utilizes photodiode
PD1 detects the light output amount of LED, and adjust automatically is by the electric current of LED, to compensate the variation of LED light output and any other
It is non-linear caused by reason, therefore the feedback amplifier is mainly used for stablizing the light output of LED and makes its linearisation；IFRange
For 1~20mA, IFR is chosen according to amplifier maximum output voltage 5.3V for the electric current for flowing through Light-emitting diode LED7It is 300, light
The electric current of electric diode PD1 are as follows:
Wherein, U is divider resistance R5On voltage, expression formula are as follows:
In formula 5, VV+ is the anode voltage of DC voltage, is carried out using the maximum value of DC-DC converting means input voltage
It calculates, R is set4And R5Value so that the voltage of U is in 3.3V or less.Voltage i.e. by being converted into A/D after conditioning circuit
Range is 0~3.3V, the voltage that can receive lower than control device.
Therefore IPD1Maximum value are as follows:
IPD1=V/R6 (6)
Wherein, V is first order fortune hair output voltage values, in measurement range, IPD1Value must be in 5nA≤IPD1≤50μ
A, and about 0.005IF, can so guarantee the linearity and stability of LED.It can be to R6Value chosen.
The output circuit of third level amplifier composition realizes the conversion function between electric current and voltage, and photodiode is exported
Stable, linear change current signal be converted into voltage signal and export.The range of the output voltage designed in the circuit
For 0~3.3V, expression formula are as follows:
UO=IPD2·R8 (7)
And in optocoupler, IF、IPD1、IPD2Relationship it is as follows:
In formula (8), K1And K2For the current transfer ratio of input and output photodiode, K3For transmission gain.
Bringing formula (4), (5), (7) into formula (6) can obtain:
By above formula (9) it is found that changing R6And R8Ratio be realize input and output voltage between different proportion requirement.
The design of 1.3 current measurement circuits
Sample circuit is not easy to directly survey as shown in fig. 7, because electricity generation system DC-DC converting means input current is excessive
Amount, so system is measured indirectly using the direct current current divider of definite value, current divider is using FL-2100A/75mV direct current point
Flow device；Electricity generation system DC-DC converting means input current measuring circuit is similar with tension measuring circuit, the difference is that after rectification
D.C. high-current first passes through direct current current divider and is converted into 0-75mV voltage so as to sample conversion.But the signals such as noise will in order to prevent
So small voltage signal is fallen into oblivion, and is subject to reference voltage VREF on the basis of this voltage；Therefore sampled voltage can change,
The influence of reference voltage can be removed in subsequent software design.
2. relief arrangement
The part of relief arrangement is a non-isolated BUCK-BOOST circuit and battery, the investment of relief arrangement and
Cut out will according to can not the voltage value of input of control rectifier determine that the structure chart of relief arrangement is as shown in Figure 8.
Relief arrangement of the present invention, using input voltage 200V, large-capacity battery can guarantee the wind-power electricity generation
The capacity of system overload, by detection can not control rectifier input voltage value determine relief arrangement state.When uncontrollable whole
When flowing the input voltage value of device more than upper limit voltage threshold value set by controller, relief arrangement access, circuit is in non-isolated
The positive decompression mode of formula BUCK-BOOST circuit, S2 close, by S1 turn-on and turn-off realize can not control rectifier direct current
Lateral battery decompression charging, the duty ratio by controlling S1 switching tube control output voltage values.When can not control rectifier it is defeated
When entering voltage value lower than lower threshold voltage set by controller, relief arrangement access, circuit is in non-isolated BUCK-
The reversed boost mode of BOOST circuit, S1 are closed, and realize battery to uncontrollable rectifier DC by the turn-on and turn-off of S2
The power supply of side, the duty ratio by controlling S2 switching tube control the voltage value of DC side.
Accumulator terminal electric current is monitored, observation circuit figure is as shown in figure 8, the accumulator terminal current value of acquisition is inputted
In controller, the charged state of battery is monitored, when battery is full of, relief arrangement excision.
3. speed-limiting device
For the speed-limiting device structure as shown in figure 9, component 1 is the DC magnetizing electromagnet, component 2 is permanent magnet, with
1 electromagnet of component carries out cooperation and generates suction, and component 3 is the bridge arm that presses surely, and component 4 is dynamic pressure bridge arm, and component 5 is embraced for speed limit
It grabs, is friction material, blower vertical axis can be made to be in wherein, component 6 is pressure spring, and component 7 is connection bearing, and connection is fixed
Press bridge arm and dynamic pressure bridge arm；Component 8 is cut spring；Component 9 is pedestal, plays fixed function.
The working principle of the speed-limiting device: by changing the big of excitation current in the 1 DC magnetizing electromagnet of component
It is small, to generate different electromagnetic forces, attracted with 2 permanent magnet of component, so that the dynamic pressure bridge arm of driving part 4 is with component 7
Bearing is connected as origin rotation, 5 speed limit of component embraces and grabs holding, drops vertical type aerogenerator vertical drive shaft by frictional force
Speed.Suction between 1 DC magnetizing electromagnet of control unit and 2 permanent magnet of component changes 5 speed limit of component armful and grabs to vertical axis
Pressure, that is, change to the frictional force of vertical axis, play the role of speed limit.
4. arresting gear
The arresting gear first calculates the torque capacity of blower, root using electromagnetic brake brake apparatus
According to the relationship (as shown in formula) of power of motor, torque and speed, the torque of wind-driven generator can be calculated, according to calculating institute
Obtained level of torque chooses electromagnetic brake brake apparatus.
In above formula, T is the torque of motor, unit Nm；P is the power of motor, unit K W；N is the revolving speed of motor, unit
r/min.The maximum power for choosing wind-driven generator and the maximum (top) speed under maximum power, are calculated wind-driven generator most
Big torque, to choose TeThe electromagnetic brake brake apparatus of > T.
The electromagnetic brake device used in the present invention starts electromagnetic brake for power-off, that is, passes through the monitoring device pair
Wind speed is monitored, when blower wind speed is higher than highest set value, electromagnetic brake device power-off brake, until fan parking.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, on the basis of technical solution disclosed by the invention, the skill of this field
For art personnel according to disclosed technology contents, one can be made to some of which technical characteristic by not needing creative labor
A little replacements and deformation, these replacements and deformation are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of miniature wind power generation system is safely operated protection system, which is characterized in that including electric power transfer unit and control
Unit processed；
The electric power transfer unit includes being connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit of wind-driven generator output end, DC-DC conversion circuit
The rectified circuit of output end connects DC bus, inversion grid connection；
Described control unit includes monitoring device, relief arrangement, speed-limiting device, arresting gear and controller；
Input power and wind-driven generator revolving speed of the monitoring device to real-time monitoring DC-DC conversion circuit；
Relief arrangement to from separated in wind driven generator output power part electric energy input battery in；
Revolving speed of the speed-limiting device to limit wind-driven generator；
Arresting gear is to stop wind-driven generator operating；
The data that the controller is monitored to receive monitoring device control relief arrangement, speed limit dress after carrying out calculation process
It sets, the work of arresting gear and rectification circuit.
2. a kind of miniature wind power generation system according to claim 1 is safely operated protection system, which is characterized in that described
Monitoring device includes rotation speed of fan monitoring device and DC-DC conversion circuit input power observation circuit；The rotation speed of fan monitoring
Device includes Hall-type motor speed sensor and rotation speed monitoring conditioning circuit, and the Hall-type motor speed sensor is mounted on
By wind-driven generator rotate gear, to monitor wind-driven generator rotate gear revolving speed, the rotation speed monitoring conditioning circuit, to
The voltage signal of Hall-type motor speed sensor output is improved；The DC-DC conversion circuit input power monitoring electricity
Road includes tension measuring circuit and current measurement circuit, is sampled to the input voltage and input current of DC-DC converting means, to count
Calculation obtains the input power of rectification circuit.
3. a kind of miniature wind power generation system according to claim 2 is safely operated protection system, which is characterized in that described
Rotation speed monitoring conditioning circuit includes voltage follower and operational amplification circuit, and voltage follower is inputted using the high of voltage follower
Impedance operator realizes voltage isolation, reduces influence of the late-class circuit to sample circuit, and operational amplification circuit carries out input pulse electricity
The amplification of pressure amplitude value；Controller carries out detection timing and counting to the current potential of operational amplification circuit output end, according to induction magnetic conduction
The number of teeth of body and the period for receiving square-wave signal can calculate rotation speed of fan, the formula using formula are as follows:
Wherein,For rotation speed of fan, unit r/min；N is the number of teeth for incuding magnetizer, unit；T is the square-wave pulse period, single
Position s.
4. a kind of miniature wind power generation system according to claim 2 is safely operated protection system, which is characterized in that described
Tension measuring circuit two concatenated divider resistance R4, R5, two zener diode D1, D2, operational amplifier and optocoupler
HCNR200, the tension measuring circuit are divided into three-level, and first order operational amplifier forms voltage follower, utilizes voltage follow
The high input impedance charcteristic of device realizes voltage isolation, reduces influence of the late-class circuit to sample circuit；Second level operational amplifier
Current negative feedback circuit is formed, the light output amount of LED, and the electricity that adjust automatically passes through LED are detected using photodiode PD1
Stream, non-linear caused by the variation and any other reason to compensate LED light output, which is mainly used for stablizing
The light output of LED simultaneously makes its linearisation；The output circuit of third level amplifier composition realizes the conversion function between electric current and voltage,
Stable, linear change the current signal that photodiode PD2 is exported is converted into voltage signal and exports.
5. a kind of miniature wind power generation system according to claim 4 is safely operated protection system, which is characterized in that described
The both ends of concatenated divider resistance R4, R5 are used as input terminal in DC-DC conversion circuit input voltage, divider resistance R4, R5
Between two zener diode D1, D2 for being concatenated of electrode points between electrode points connect the defeated of first order operational amplifier TL074
Enter anode, the plus earth of zener diode D1, cathode connects the anode of zener diode D2, and the cathode of zener diode D2 connects electricity
The input cathode in source, first order operational amplifier TL074 is connected with its output end, the output of first order operational amplifier TL074
The input terminal of optocoupler HCNR200 is terminated, optocoupler HCNR200 includes a Light-emitting diode LED and two photoelectricity two
Pole pipe PD1, PD2, one end of the output terminating resistor R6 of first order operational amplifier TL074, another termination second of resistance R6
The input cathode of grade operational amplifier TL074, the input plus earth of second level operational amplifier TL074, photodiode PD1
Plus earth, cathode connect the input cathode of second level operational amplifier TL074, the output of second level operational amplifier TL074
The cathode of Light-emitting diode LED is terminated, the anode of Light-emitting diode LED connects power supply, the anode of Light-emitting diode LED through resistance R7
The input cathode of second level operational amplifier TL074 is also connect through capacitor C1；The input cathode of third level operational amplifier TL074 connects
The cathode of photodiode PD2, the plus earth of photodiode PD2, third level operational amplifier TL074 input anode connect
Ground, the input cathode of third level operational amplifier TL074 also connect third level operational amplifier through resistance R8, capacitor C2 in parallel
The output end of TL074, output end of the output end of third level operational amplifier TL074 as optocoupler HCNR200.
6. a kind of miniature wind power generation system according to claim 5 is safely operated protection system, which is characterized in that described
Current measurement circuit include direct current current divider FL-2100A, resistance R9, resistance R10, capacitor C3, two zener diode D3, D4 with
And operational amplifier, optocoupler HCNR200, two zener diode D3, D4, operational amplifier and optocoupler HCNR200
Circuit structure it is identical as tension measuring circuit, direct current current divider FL-2100A use DC-DC conversion circuit input current, resistance
R9 mono- terminates the anode of direct current current divider FL-2100A, the input cathode of another termination first order operational amplifier TL074, resistance
A termination reference voltage REF of R10, the input cathode of another termination first order operational amplifier TL074, a termination of capacitor C3
The input cathode of first order operational amplifier TL074, other end ground connection, the cathode ground connection of direct current current divider FL-2100A.
7. a kind of miniature wind power generation system according to claim 1 is safely operated protection system, which is characterized in that described
Relief arrangement includes non-isolated BUCK-BOOST circuit and battery, by the input terminal of non-isolated BUCK-BOOST circuit
It connects on the output end of DC-DC conversion circuit, the output of non-isolated BUCK-BOOST circuit terminates battery.
8. a kind of miniature wind power generation system according to claim 1 is safely operated protection system, which is characterized in that described
Speed-limiting device include one end it is hinged determine pressure bridge arm and dynamic pressure bridge arm, the other end for the bridge arm that presses surely is connected with directly
Excitation electromagnet is flowed, the other end of dynamic pressure bridge arm is connected with permanent magnet, the middle part of the pressure bridge arm surely and dynamic pressure bridge arm
It is correspondingly arranged on a pair of of speed limit holding claw, speed limit holding claw is separately mounted on fixed pressure bridge arm and dynamic pressure bridge arm through spring, applies surely
The hinged place of breaking the bridge arm and dynamic pressure bridge arm is provided with separation pressure spring.
9. a kind of miniature wind power generation system is safely operated guard method, protection system is safely operated using miniature wind power generation system
System, the protection system includes electric power transfer unit and control unit；
The electric power transfer unit includes being connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit of wind-driven generator output end, DC-DC conversion circuit
The rectified circuit of output end connects DC bus, inversion grid connection；
Described control unit includes monitoring device, relief arrangement, speed-limiting device, arresting gear and controller；
Input power and wind-driven generator revolving speed of the monitoring device to real-time monitoring DC-DC conversion circuit；
Relief arrangement to from separated in wind driven generator output power part electric energy input battery in；
Revolving speed of the speed-limiting device to limit wind-driven generator；
Arresting gear is to stop wind-driven generator operating；
The data that the controller is monitored to receive monitoring device control relief arrangement, speed limit dress after carrying out calculation process
Set, arresting gear and rectification circuit work, which is characterized in that the guard method the following steps are included:
1) monitoring starts, and when wind generator system is started to work, safe operation protection system is in standby, wind-power electricity generation system
System starts to work normally, and monitoring device starts the input power to rectification circuit, rotation speed of fan carries out real-time monitoring, and sampling obtains
The input voltage and input current value of DC-DC conversion circuit is sent into controller, the input power of rectification circuit is obtained after being calculated,
And carry out level-one judgement；
2) level-one judges, judges whether the input power of rectification circuit is greater than the rated power of rectification circuit, if being not more than, protects
It is constant to hold safe operation protection system；If more than then carrying out second level judgement；
3) second level judges, judges whether the revolving speed of blower is higher than the maximum (top) speed of blower, if so, speed-limiting device is opened, causes
The revolving speed of blower is consistently lower than the maximum (top) speed of blower, if it is not, then carrying out three-level judgement；
4) three-level judge, judge input power whether be more than rectification circuit rated power and relief arrangement capacity and, if
It is that then speed-limiting device starts, makes blower reduction of speed, reduce the output power of wind-driven generator, and carry out level Four judgement,
5) level Four judges, starts by speed-limiting device, carries out reduction of speed to blower, judges whether speed limit success, the i.e. revolving speed of blower
Whether it is lower than the maximum (top) speed of blower, if level Four is judged as NO, starts arresting gear at once, pressure makes fan parking, and
Disconnect grid-connected breaker, if level Four is judged as YES, again carry out three-level judgement, until three-level judging result be it is no, access is unloaded
Lotus device shares the output power of wind-driven generator, rectifies and charges to battery, and the normal work of commutation inversion system
Make.
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| CN110360064A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-10-22 | 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 | Wind power generating set control method and wind power generating set |
| CN111030177A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-17 | 合肥为民电源有限公司 | Wind power generation grid-connected inverter and control method thereof |
| CN111722035A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-29 | 天津瑞能电气有限公司 | Wind power quality intelligent test system |
| CN111734580A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-10-02 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | System and method for monitoring and protecting multivariable of fan grid-connected loop |
| CN112761896A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-05-07 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司 | Calculation method and device for improving power generation amount prediction accuracy of wind power station and computer equipment |
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| CN112761896B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2024-05-14 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司 | Calculation method, device and computer equipment for improving prediction accuracy of power generation amount of wind power station |
| CN114576075A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-03 | 清华大学 | Amplitude limiting protection method and device for wave power generation device and electronic equipment |
| CN116717241A (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-09-08 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Ground receiving front-end compensation system for electromagnetic transmission of intelligent well guiding and drilling |
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