CN108979770B - Integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation system and method using supercritical carbon dioxide as working medium - Google Patents

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation system and method using supercritical carbon dioxide as working medium Download PDF

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CN108979770B
CN108979770B CN201810981675.7A CN201810981675A CN108979770B CN 108979770 B CN108979770 B CN 108979770B CN 201810981675 A CN201810981675 A CN 201810981675A CN 108979770 B CN108979770 B CN 108979770B
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carbon dioxide
supercritical carbon
pressure
low
turbine
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CN108979770A (en
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张波
史绍平
闫姝
陈新明
穆延非
刘鑫
秦晔
郭雨桐
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
China Huaneng Group Co Ltd
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
China Huaneng Group Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1612—CO2-separation and sequestration, i.e. long time storage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1618—Modification of synthesis gas composition, e.g. to meet some criteria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation system and method taking supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium; the system organically integrates a coal gasification and purification subsystem, a carbon dioxide capturing and sealing or utilizing subsystem, a gas turbine subsystem and a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation subsystem; the invention is characterized in that the working medium in the existing integrated gasification combined cycle is replaced by supercritical carbon dioxide by water/steam, so that water resources can be further saved, the power generation efficiency is improved, the equipment volume is reduced, the captured carbon dioxide is fully utilized, and the near zero emission of the carbon dioxide is realized.

Description

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation system and method using supercritical carbon dioxide as working medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to various fields of coal gasification, gas-steam combined cycle, brayton cycle power generation with supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium and the like, in particular to an integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation system and method with supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium.
Background
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is a clean energy power generation technology that organically integrates a coal gasification and gas steam combined cycle power generation system. The main system flow of the IGCC is that coal reacts with gasifying agent in gasification furnace to become synthetic gas with medium and low heat value, which is purified to clean gas fuel, then the gas fuel is sent into gas turbine to burn and heat gas working medium to drive gas turbine to do work and generate electricity, gas turbine exhaust enters waste heat boiler to heat water to generate superheated steam to drive steam turbine to do work and generate electricity. Compared with the traditional coal-fired power generation, the IGCC has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, outstanding environmental protection performance, water resource conservation and easy and economical CO trapping 2 Advantages, etc. In the whole process of the IGCC, water/steam is used as a working medium to partially recover a large amount of heat generated in the coal gasification process, and is also used as the working medium to circulate in a steam power generation system consisting of a waste heat boiler and a steam turbine, and in addition, the steam is used as the working medium to provide heat for other process flows of the IGCC, such as purification and the like. IGCC has a significant savings in power generation water usage over conventional coal-fired power plants, but still has some water consumption. The carbon dioxide has relatively stable chemical property, good physical property, reliable safety, relatively low critical temperature and critical pressure, and easy operationWhen the supercritical state is reached. The supercritical carbon dioxide is in a state between liquid and gas, and has the characteristics of good fluidity, small specific volume, small compressibility, high heat transfer efficiency and the like. Therefore, the Brayton cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, small equipment size, water resource conservation, near zero emission of carbon dioxide and the like.
The working medium of the whole process of the IGCC is replaced by supercritical carbon dioxide by water/steam, so that water resources are further saved, the power generation efficiency is improved, the advantage that the IGCC is easy to capture carbon dioxide is fully utilized, and the carbon dioxide emission is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation system and method using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium, which utilize the Brayton cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working medium to replace the steam cycle in the existing IGCC, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the power generation efficiency, reducing the equipment volume and fully utilizing the CO trapped by a carbon dioxide trapping system 2 The purpose of reducing water resource consumption and carbon dioxide emission.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system with supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium consists of a gasification and purification subsystem, a carbon dioxide capturing and sealing or utilization subsystem, a gas turbine subsystem and a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation subsystem;
the coal gasification and purification subsystem consists of an air separation system 1, a coal grinding and powder conveying system 2, a gasification furnace 3, a waste heat boiler 4, a synthesis gas purification system 5, a pressure reducing device 6 and a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7; the inlet of the air separation system 1 is connected to the atmosphere, the air separation system 1 separates air into oxygen and nitrogen, the oxygen outlet of the air separation system 1 is connected to the oxygen inlet of the gasification furnace 3, and the nitrogen outlet of the air separation system 1 provides nitrogen 57 for users; the raw material coal is prepared into pulverized coal by the coal grinding and powder conveying system 2 and conveyed to downstream equipment in a pneumatic mode, the raw material inlet of the coal grinding and powder conveying system 2 is coal 43, and the gas inlet of the coal grinding and powder conveying system 2 is connected with the pressure reducing device 6 for dischargingThe outlet of the coal grinding and powder conveying system 2 is connected to the coal powder inlet of the gasification furnace 3; the pulverized coal in the gasifier 3 reacts with gasifying agent to generate synthesis gas, and a large amount of heat is released to be recovered by supercritical carbon dioxide, the upper outlet of the gasifier 3 is connected with the synthesis gas inlet of the waste heat boiler 4, the lower outlet of the gasifier 3 is a slag 44 outlet, an independent supercritical carbon dioxide channel which is not communicated with a reaction chamber is arranged in the gasifier 3, the channel inlet is connected to the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13, and the channel outlet is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7; the waste heat boiler 4 is a heat exchange device for high-temperature crude synthesis gas 53 and supercritical carbon dioxide, wherein an internal synthesis gas channel and a supercritical carbon dioxide channel of the heat exchange device are independent and are not communicated with each other, a synthesis gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 4 is connected to a synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas purification system 5, a supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the waste heat boiler 4 is connected to a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13, and a supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the waste heat boiler 4 is connected to an inlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7; the synthesis gas purification system 5 purifies the synthesis gas to remove dust and NH 3 ，H 2 S and other impurity gases, the synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas purification system 5 is connected to the synthesis gas inlet of the water gas conversion device 11, a supercritical carbon dioxide channel which is independent and is not communicated with the synthesis gas channel is arranged in the synthesis gas purification system 5 to provide heat required by the purification process, the channel inlet is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7, and the channel outlet is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36; the pressure reducing device 6 reduces the supercritical carbon dioxide pressure from the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 to be matched with the pressure required by the coal grinding and powder conveying system 2, the inlet of the pressure reducing device 6 is connected to the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13, and the outlet is connected to the gas inlet of the coal grinding and powder conveying system 2; the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7 stores high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, the inlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7 is respectively connected with the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the gasification furnace 3 and the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the waste heat boiler 4, and the outlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7 is respectively connected with the supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the synthesis gas purification system 5, the supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the water gas conversion device 11 and the supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the carbon dioxide trapping system 12A carbon dioxide inlet;
the carbon dioxide capturing and sealing or utilizing subsystem consists of a water gas conversion device 11, a carbon dioxide capturing system 12 and a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13; the water gas shift device 11 utilizes H by a water gas shift reaction 2 O, converting CO into CO 2 And H 2 The heat required by the process comes from high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, a synthetic gas inlet of the water gas shift device 11 is connected to a synthetic gas outlet of the synthetic gas purification system 5, a synthetic gas outlet after the water gas shift device 11 is connected to a synthetic gas inlet after the carbon dioxide capture system 12 is shifted, a supercritical carbon dioxide channel which is independent and is not communicated with the synthetic gas channel is arranged inside the water gas shift device 11 to provide the heat required by the water gas shift reaction, the channel inlet is connected to an outlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7, and the channel outlet is connected to an inlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36; the carbon dioxide capture system 12 separates the shifted syngas into CO 2 And fuel gas, the heat required by the process comes from high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide trapping system 12 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31, the fuel gas outlet of the carbon dioxide trapping system 12 is connected to the fuel gas inlet of the combustion chamber 22, a supercritical carbon dioxide channel which is independent and is not communicated with the channel of the converted synthesis gas is arranged inside the carbon dioxide trapping system 12 so as to provide the heat required by the trapping process, the channel inlet is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7, and the channel outlet is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36; the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 stores low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, an inlet of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 is respectively connected with an outlet of the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31 and a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the heat regenerator 33, and an outlet of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 is respectively connected with a supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the gasification furnace 3, a supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the waste heat boiler 4, an inlet of the pressure reducing device 6 and a carbon dioxide sealing or recycling system inlet;
the gas turbine subsystem consists of a gas compressor 21, a combustion chamber 22, a turbine 23, a first shaft 24 and a generator 25; the inlet of the air compressor 21 is the atmosphere, the air compressor 21 compresses the air 41 into compressed air 62, and the outlet of the air compressor 21 is connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber 22; the fuel gas 61 and the compressed air 62 in the combustion chamber 22 are mixed and combusted, the fuel gas inlet of the combustion chamber 22 is connected with the fuel gas outlet of the carbon dioxide trapping system 12, the air inlet of the combustion chamber 22 is connected with the outlet of the compressor 21, and the outlet of the combustion chamber 22 is connected with the inlet of the turbine 23; the turbine 23 uses the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust 63 of the combustion chamber 22 to drive the turbine blades to do work in a rotating way, an inlet of the turbine 23 is connected with an outlet of the combustion chamber 22, and an outlet of the turbine 23 is connected with a turbine exhaust inlet of the heater 34; the first shaft 24 is connected with the compressor 21, the turbine 23 and the generator 25; the generator 25 converts the mechanical energy output by the first shaft 24 into electrical energy;
the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation subsystem consists of a carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31, a carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor 32, a heat regenerator 33, a heater 34, a high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35, a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36, a second shaft 37 and a generator 38; the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31 compresses carbon dioxide gas 71 into supercritical carbon dioxide, an inlet of the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31 is connected to a carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide capturing system 12, and an outlet of the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31 is respectively connected with an inlet of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 and an inlet of the carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor 32; the carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor 32 further compresses supercritical carbon dioxide 73, and an outlet of the carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor 32 is connected with a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the heat regenerator 33; the heat regenerator 33 is a device for exchanging heat between the high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 74 and the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust 78, the inner part of the heat regenerator is divided into a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide channel and a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide channel which are independent and are not communicated, a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the heat regenerator 33 is connected with a supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the heater 34, a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the heat regenerator 33 is connected with an outlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36, and a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the heat regenerator 33 is connected with an inlet of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13; the heater 34 is a device for exchanging heat between turbine exhaust 64 and preheated high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 75, the inner part of the heater is provided with a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide channel and a turbine exhaust channel which are independent and are not communicated, a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the heater 34 is connected with an inlet of a high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35, a turbine exhaust inlet of the heater 34 is connected with an outlet of a turbine 23, and a turbine exhaust outlet of the heater 34 is connected with the atmosphere; the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35 drives turbine blades to rotate to do work by utilizing high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 76, and an outlet of the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35 is connected with an inlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36; the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36 gathers the supercritical carbon dioxide from the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35 and the synthesis gas purification system 5, the water gas conversion device 11 and the carbon dioxide capture system 12 to drive turbine blades to rotate, and an inlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36 is respectively connected with an outlet of the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35, a supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the synthesis gas purification system 5, a supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the water gas conversion device 11 and a supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide capture system 12, and an outlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36 is connected with a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the regenerator 33; the second shaft 37 is connected with the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31, the carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor 32, the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35, the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36 and the generator 38; the generator 38 converts the mechanical energy output by the second shaft 37 into electrical energy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention replaces the working medium in the integrated gasification combined cycle with the supercritical carbon dioxide by water/steam, when the temperature of a heat source (the exhaust temperature of a gas turbine) is higher than 500 ℃, the thermal efficiency of the obtained supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is higher than that of the water/steam cycle, and the thermal efficiency of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is improved by a larger range along with the improvement of the temperature of the heat source. When the temperature of the heat source is increased to 600 ℃, the thermal efficiency of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle can be improved by about 5% compared with the highest thermal efficiency of the water/steam cycle. Because of the high energy density of supercritical carbon dioxide, the size of the carbon dioxide compressor and the carbon dioxide turbine is also significantly smaller than that of an equivalent-scale boiler and steam turbine, and the size of the carbon dioxide turbine is about one thirty percent of that of an equivalent-power steam turbine according to theoretical calculation. The smaller equipment size helps to save initial equipment investment for the overall system. Meanwhile, the invention is beneficial to the utilization of water conservation resources, fully utilizes the captured carbon dioxide and can achieve near zero emission of the carbon dioxide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition and flow of an integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a start-up flow of an integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium.
In the figure: 1-a space division system; 2-a coal grinding and powder conveying system; 3-gasification furnace; 4-a waste heat boiler; 5-a syngas purification system; 6-a pressure reducing device; 7-a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank; 11-water gas shift unit; a 12-carbon dioxide capture system; 13-a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank; 21-a compressor; 22-combustion chamber; 23-turbine; 24-a first axis; a 25-generator; 31-carbon dioxide low pressure compressor; a 32-carbon dioxide high pressure compressor; 33-a regenerator; 34-a heater; a 35-high pressure carbon dioxide turbine; 36-a low pressure carbon dioxide turbine; 37-second axis; 38-a generator; 41-air; 42-demineralized water; 43-coal; 44-slag; 51-oxygen; 52-pulverized coal transported in carbon dioxide; 53-high temperature raw synthesis gas; 54-low temperature raw synthesis gas; 55-clean synthesis gas; 56-shifted synthesis gas; 57-nitrogen; 61-fuel gas; 62-compressed air; 63-combustion chamber exhaust; 64 turbine exhaust; 65-exhausting; 71-carbon dioxide; 72-supercritical carbon dioxide; 73-supercritical carbon dioxide; 74-high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide; 75-preheated high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide; 76-high temperature high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide; 77-high pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust; 78-low pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust; 79-cooled supercritical carbon dioxide; 80-entering supercritical carbon dioxide of a coal grinding and powder conveying system; 81-supercritical carbon dioxide entering the gasifier and the waste heat boiler; 82-supercritical carbon dioxide entering the low pressure carbon dioxide turbine from the synthesis gas purification system, the water gas change device and the carbon dioxide capture system; 83-supercritical carbon dioxide entering a carbon dioxide sequestration or reuse system.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, coal gasificationThe working flow of the purification subsystem is as follows, the air separation system 1 uses air 41 as a raw material to produce oxygen 51 with purity of more than 99% and pressure of 3-4MPa, preferably oxygen 51 with purity of more than 99.6%, pressure of 3.1MPa, and nitrogen with byproduct purity of more than 99% and pressure of more than 7MPa, which is used for pressure control and purging of coal gasification and purification systems, and also can be used for heat value adjustment of fuel gas of a gas turbine. Oxygen 51 enters the gasifier 3 from the gasifying agent passage of the gasifier 3. The coal grinding and powder conveying system 2 grinds coal 43 to coal powder with fineness R90 less than 0.2, and carbon dioxide gas generated by the pressure reduction of the supercritical carbon dioxide 80 from the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 through the pressure reduction device 6 is conveyed to the gasification furnace 3 in a pneumatic mode and enters the gasification furnace 3 through a fuel channel of the gasification furnace 3. The pulverized coal 52 transported by carbon dioxide and oxygen 51 are gasified in the gasifier 3 to generate CO and H 2 The high-temperature crude synthesis gas 53 which is the main component is discharged from the slag discharging system at the lower part of the gasification furnace 3 by the liquid slag 44 which is produced at the same time. In order to improve the sensible heat recovery efficiency, the gasification furnace 3 is provided with a cooling interlayer for recovery, and a waste heat boiler 4 is also provided for convective heat exchange to further recover the heat of the high-temperature raw synthesis gas 53, the cooling interlayer of the gasification furnace 3 and the cooling working medium of the waste heat boiler 4 are supercritical carbon dioxide, all come from a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13, and the heated supercritical carbon dioxide enters a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7 for storage. The synthesis gas purification system 5 removes dust and NH from the low temperature raw synthesis gas 54 from the waste heat boiler 4 3 ，H 2 S, and the like, the heat required for the process is supplied by the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide from the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7.
As shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide capture and sequestration or utilization subsystem workflow is as follows, the desalted water 42 enters the water gas shift device 11 to be heated into steam, and the steam is subjected to the water gas shift reaction, namely co+h, with the clean synthesis gas 55 from the synthesis gas purification system 5 under the action of the catalyst 2 O＝CO 2 +H 2 Generates CO-enriched 2 And H 2 The conversion efficiency of the process CO is higher than 90%. Heat required for water gas shift processThe amount is provided by the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide from the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7. The shifted syngas 56 is first carbon dioxide absorbed by the carbon dioxide absorbent in the carbon dioxide capture system 12 and then desorbed to release carbon dioxide in a separate vessel while recovering the carbon dioxide absorbent for recycling. The process may produce carbon dioxide gas 71 having a purity of greater than 99%, preferably carbon dioxide gas 71 having a purity of greater than 99.6%. The main component of the gas from which the carbon dioxide is separated is hydrogen, and a small amount of CO, water vapor, etc., can be used as fuel gas 61 for a gas turbine. The heat required for the carbon dioxide capture system 12 is also provided by the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide from the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 7. The low-temperature carbon dioxide storage tank 13 stores a certain amount of supercritical carbon dioxide, can receive the supercritical carbon dioxide 72 from the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31 and the cooled supercritical carbon dioxide 79 from the heat regenerator 33, can provide carbon dioxide for the coal grinding and powder conveying system 2 for pneumatically conveying coal dust, and can also provide supercritical carbon dioxide 81 as working medium to participate in heat recovery (endothermic process) of the gasification furnace 3 and the waste heat boiler 4 and heat utilization (exothermic process) of the synthesis gas purification system 5, the water gas shift device 11 and the carbon dioxide capturing system 12. Supercritical carbon dioxide 83 exceeding the storage capacity of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 can be conveyed to the carbon dioxide sealing system or the carbon dioxide recycling system through a pipeline or other modes, so that near-zero emission of carbon dioxide is realized. In the starting process of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system with supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium and a carbon dioxide capturing system, the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 can provide stored supercritical carbon dioxide for the gasification furnace 3, the waste heat boiler 4, the synthesis gas purification system 5, the water gas shift device 11, the carbon dioxide capturing system 12 and the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36.
As shown in fig. 1, the gas turbine subsystem is operated as follows, the compressor 21 of the gas turbine compresses the filtered air 41 into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the air enters the combustion chamber 22 from the air channel, the fuel gas 61 enters the combustion chamber 22 from the fuel channel, the fuel gas and the compressed air are combusted in the combustion chamber 22, the generated combustion chamber exhaust 63 enters the turbine 23, the turbine blades are pushed to rotate to drive the first shaft 24, and the generator 25 converts mechanical work output by the first shaft 24 into electric energy. The turbine exhaust 64 of the turbine 23 is convected with preheated high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 75 in the heater 34 for further temperature reduction and final discharge. To maintain the efficiency of the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle power generation, it is desirable that during normal operation, the turbine exhaust gas 64 temperature should not be below 500 ℃, and preferably the turbine exhaust gas 64 temperature is set to be above 560 ℃.
As shown in fig. 1, the operation of the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle power generation subsystem is as follows, and the high-purity carbon dioxide gas 71 separated from the carbon dioxide capturing system 12 enters the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31 to be pressurized to a pressure exceeding 7.5MPa, and becomes a supercritical fluid, wherein part of the supercritical carbon dioxide 72 directly enters the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13, and the other part of the supercritical carbon dioxide 73 enters the next-stage carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor 32 to be continuously compressed to become high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 74. The high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 74 is preheated by the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust 78 through the regenerator 33 to become preheated high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 75, then heated by the gas turbine exhaust 64 through the heater 34 to become high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 76, then enters the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35 to push the blades to rotate so as to drive the second shaft 37, the cooled and depressurized high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust 77 and the supercritical carbon dioxide 82 from the synthesis gas purification system 5, the water gas shift device 11 and the carbon dioxide capture system 12 enter the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36 to push the blades to rotate so as to drive the shaft 37, and the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust 78 is further cooled by the high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide 74 through the regenerator 33 to become cooled supercritical carbon dioxide 79, and finally enters the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 to complete the brayton cycle. The generator 38 converts the mechanical work output by the second shaft 37 into electrical energy.
The starting process of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium is shown in figure 2,
step S1, firstly starting the air separation system 1 to prepare oxygen, entering the gasification furnace 3, pneumatically conveying the ground coal and the pulverized coal prepared by the powder conveying system 2 into the gasification furnace 3 by utilizing carbon dioxide gas generated after the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide 80 stored in the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13 is reduced, starting the gasification furnace 3 until the low-temperature crude synthesis gas 54 with stable chemical components is generated, and the supercritical carbon dioxide for cooling required by the gasification furnace 3 and the waste heat boiler 4 is also from the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13.
In step S2, during the start-up process of the gasifier 3, the motor is used to drive the second shaft 37 to drive the low-pressure carbon dioxide compressor 31, the high-pressure carbon dioxide compressor 32, the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 35 and the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36 in due time until the supercritical carbon dioxide 82 from the synthesis gas purification system 5, the water gas shift device 11 and the carbon dioxide capture system 12 can stably drive the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine 36. After the gasification furnace 3 is started, the synthesis gas purification system 5 is started (step S3), the water gas shift device 11 is started (step S4) and the carbon dioxide capture system 12 is started (step S5) until the fuel gas 61 with stable chemical components is generated, in the process, as the gas turbine is not started yet, the heater 34 cannot perform heat exchange function, and the carbon dioxide gas produced by the carbon dioxide capture system 12 is compressed into a supercritical state by the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor 31, wherein most of the carbon dioxide gas directly enters the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank 13. After the carbon dioxide capture system 12 is able to produce a stable fuel gas 61, the gas turbine subsystem may be started (step S6), the intake air amount of the carbon dioxide high pressure compressor 32 is gradually increased (step S7), the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle power generation subsystem is started, and finally the start-up process of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system including the carbon dioxide capture system using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium is completed.
The normal shutdown process of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system taking supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium can be shutdown according to the reverse sequence of the starting process, namely from the step S7 to the step S1.

Claims (3)

1. An integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium is characterized in that: the system consists of a coal gasification and purification subsystem, a carbon dioxide capturing and sealing or utilizing subsystem, a gas turbine subsystem and a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation subsystem;
the coal gasification and purification subsystem consists of an air separation system (1), a coal grinding and powder conveying system (2), a gasification furnace (3), a waste heat boiler (4), a synthesis gas purification system (5), a pressure reducing device (6) and a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7); the inlet of the air separation system (1) is connected to the atmosphere, the air separation system (1) separates air into oxygen and nitrogen, the oxygen outlet of the air separation system (1) is connected to the oxygen inlet of the gasification furnace (3), and the nitrogen outlet of the air separation system (1) provides nitrogen (57) for a user to use; the raw material coal is prepared into pulverized coal by the coal grinding and powder conveying system (2) and conveyed to downstream equipment in a pneumatic mode, a raw material inlet of the coal grinding and powder conveying system (2) is coal (43), a gas inlet of the coal grinding and powder conveying system (2) is connected to an outlet of the pressure reducing device (6), and an outlet of the coal grinding and powder conveying system (2) is connected to a pulverized coal inlet of the gasification furnace (3); the pulverized coal in the gasifier (3) reacts with gasifying agent to generate synthesis gas, a large amount of heat is released and is recovered by supercritical carbon dioxide, an outlet at the upper part of the gasifier (3) is connected with a synthesis gas inlet of a waste heat boiler (4), an outlet at the lower part of the gasifier (3) is a slag (44) outlet, an independent supercritical carbon dioxide channel which is not communicated with a reaction chamber is arranged in the gasifier (3), the channel inlet is connected to a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13), and the channel outlet is connected to an inlet of a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7); the waste heat boiler (4) is heat exchange equipment of high-temperature crude synthesis gas (53) and supercritical carbon dioxide, an internal synthesis gas channel and a supercritical carbon dioxide channel of the heat exchange equipment are independent and are not communicated with each other, a synthesis gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (4) is connected to a synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas purification system (5), a supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the waste heat boiler (4) is connected to a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13), and a supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the waste heat boiler (4) is connected to an inlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7); the synthesis gas purification system (5) is used for purifying the synthesis gas to remove dust and impurity gases, a synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas purification system (5) is connected to a synthesis gas inlet of the water gas conversion device (11), a supercritical carbon dioxide channel which is independent and is not communicated with the synthesis gas channel is arranged inside the synthesis gas purification system (5) to provide heat required by the purification process, the channel inlet is connected to an outlet of a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7), and the channel outlet is connected to an inlet of a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36); the pressure reducing device (6) reduces the supercritical carbon dioxide pressure from the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) to be matched with the pressure required by the coal grinding and powder conveying system (2), the inlet of the pressure reducing device (6) is connected to the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13), and the outlet of the pressure reducing device is connected to the gas inlet of the coal grinding and powder conveying system (2); the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7) stores high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, the inlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7) is respectively connected with the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the gasification furnace (3) and the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the waste heat boiler (4), and the outlet of the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7) is respectively connected with the supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the synthesis gas purification system (5), the supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the water gas conversion device (11) and the supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the carbon dioxide trapping system (12);
the carbon dioxide capturing and sealing or utilizing subsystem consists of a water gas conversion device (11), a carbon dioxide capturing system (12) and a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13); the water gas shift device (11) utilizes H by means of a water gas shift reaction 2 O, converting CO into CO 2 And H 2 The heat required by the process comes from high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, a synthesis gas inlet of a water gas shift device (11) is connected to a synthesis gas outlet of a synthesis gas purification system (5), a synthesis gas outlet after the shift of the water gas shift device (11) is connected to a synthesis gas inlet after the shift of a carbon dioxide capture system (12), a supercritical carbon dioxide channel which is independent and is not communicated with the synthesis gas channel is arranged in the water gas shift device (11) so as to provide the heat required by the water gas shift reaction, the channel inlet is connected to an outlet of a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7), and the channel outlet is connected to an inlet of a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36); carbon dioxide captureSystem (12) for separating shifted syngas into CO 2 And fuel gas, the heat required by the process comes from high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide trapping system (12) is connected to an inlet of a carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31), a fuel gas outlet of the carbon dioxide trapping system (12) is connected to a fuel gas inlet of a combustion chamber (22), a supercritical carbon dioxide channel which is independent and is not communicated with a synthesis gas channel after conversion is arranged in the carbon dioxide trapping system (12) so as to provide the heat required by the trapping process, the channel inlet is connected to an outlet of a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7), and the channel outlet is connected to an inlet of a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36); the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) stores low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, an inlet of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) is respectively connected with an outlet of the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31) and a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the heat regenerator (33), and an outlet of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) is respectively connected with a supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the gasification furnace (3), a supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the waste heat boiler (4), an inlet of the pressure reducing device (6) and an inlet of the carbon dioxide sealing or recycling system;
the gas turbine subsystem consists of a gas compressor (21), a combustion chamber (22), a turbine (23), a first shaft (24) and a first generator (25); the inlet of the air compressor (21) is the atmosphere, the air compressor (21) compresses air (41) into compressed air (62), and the outlet of the air compressor (21) is connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber (22); the fuel gas (61) and the compressed air (62) in the combustion chamber (22) are mixed for combustion, the fuel gas inlet of the combustion chamber (22) is connected with the fuel gas outlet of the carbon dioxide capturing system (12), the air inlet of the combustion chamber (22) is connected with the outlet of the compressor (21), and the outlet of the combustion chamber (22) is connected with the inlet of the turbine (23); the turbine (23) utilizes the combustion chamber exhaust (63) of the combustion chamber (22) to drive turbine blades to rotate for doing work, the inlet of the turbine (23) is connected with the outlet of the combustion chamber (22), and the outlet of the turbine (23) is connected with the turbine exhaust inlet of the heater (34); the first shaft (24) is connected with the compressor (21), the turbine (23) and the first generator (25); the first generator (25) converts mechanical energy output by the first shaft (24) into electrical energy;
the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation subsystem consists of a carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31), a carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor (32), a heat regenerator (33), a heater (34), a high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35), a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36), a second shaft (37) and a second power generator (38); the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31) compresses carbon dioxide gas (71) into supercritical carbon dioxide, an inlet of the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31) is connected to a carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide capturing system (12), and an outlet of the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31) is respectively connected with an inlet of a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) and an inlet of a carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor (32); the supercritical carbon dioxide (73) is further compressed by the carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor (32), and the outlet of the carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor (32) is connected with the high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the heat regenerator (33); the heat regenerator (33) is equipment for exchanging heat between high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (74) and low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust (78), the inner part of the heat regenerator is divided into a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide channel and a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide channel which are independent and are not communicated, a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the heat regenerator (33) is connected with a supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the heater (34), a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the heat regenerator (33) is connected with an outlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36), and a low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the heat regenerator (33) is connected with an inlet of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13); the heater (34) is a device for exchanging heat between turbine exhaust gas (64) and preheated high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (75), the internal part of the heater is divided into a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide channel and a turbine exhaust channel which are independent and are not communicated, a high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the heater (34) is connected with an inlet of a high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35), a turbine exhaust inlet of the heater (34) is connected with an outlet of a turbine (23), and a turbine exhaust outlet of the heater (34) is connected with the atmosphere; the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35) utilizes high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (76) to drive turbine blades to rotate for doing work, and the outlet of the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35) is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36); the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36) gathers the supercritical carbon dioxide from the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35) and the synthesis gas purification system (5), the water gas conversion device (11) and the carbon dioxide capture system (12) to drive turbine blades to rotate, the inlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36) is respectively connected with the outlet of the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35), the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the synthesis gas purification system (5), the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the water gas conversion device (11) and the supercritical carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide capture system (12), and the outlet of the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36) is connected with the low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide inlet of the heat regenerator (33); the second shaft (37) is connected with the carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31), the carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor (32), the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35), the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36) and the second generator (38); the second generator (38) converts mechanical energy output by the second shaft (37) into electrical energy.
2. The working process of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium of claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the working process of the coal gasification and purification subsystem is as follows: the air separation system (1) uses air (41) as a raw material to produce oxygen (51) with purity of more than 99% and pressure of 3-4MPa, and the air separation system (1) also produces nitrogen with purity of more than 99% and pressure of more than 7MPa, so that the air separation system is used for pressure control and purging of a coal gasification and purification system and can also be used for heat value adjustment of fuel gas of a gas turbine; oxygen (51) enters the gasifier (3) from a gasifying agent channel of the gasifier (3); the coal grinding and conveying system (2) grinds coal (43) to coal dust with fineness R90 less than 0.2, and then carbon dioxide gas generated after the supercritical carbon dioxide (80) from the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) is depressurized by the depressurization device (6) is conveyed to the gasification furnace (3) in a pneumatic mode, and enters the gasification furnace (3) through a fuel channel of the gasification furnace (3); the coal dust (52) conveyed by carbon dioxide and oxygen (51) generate gasification reaction in the gasification furnace (3) to generate CO and H 2 High temperature coarse synthesis of main componentForming gas (53) and discharging the slag (44) generated at the same time from a slag discharging system at the lower part of the gasification furnace (3); in order to improve the sensible heat recovery efficiency, a cooling interlayer is arranged in the gasification furnace (3) for recovery, a waste heat boiler (4) is arranged for convective heat exchange to further recover the heat of the high-temperature crude synthesis gas (53), the cooling interlayer of the gasification furnace (3) and the cooling working medium of the waste heat boiler (4) are supercritical carbon dioxide, both the supercritical carbon dioxide and the cooling working medium come from a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13), and the heated supercritical carbon dioxide enters a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7) for storage; a synthesis gas purification system (5) removes dust and impurity gases from the low temperature raw synthesis gas (54) from the waste heat boiler (4), the heat required for the process being provided by the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide from the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7);
the working process of the carbon dioxide capturing and sealing or utilizing subsystem is as follows: the desalted water (42) enters the water gas shift device (11) to be heated into steam, and the steam and clean synthetic gas (55) from the synthetic gas purifying system (5) are subjected to water gas shift reaction under the action of catalyst, namely CO+H 2 O=CO 2 +H 2 Generates CO-enriched 2 And H 2 The conversion efficiency of the process CO is higher than 90%; the heat required for the water gas shift process is provided by the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide from the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7); the converted synthesis gas (56) is subjected to carbon dioxide absorption by a carbon dioxide absorbent in a carbon dioxide capturing system (12), and then is desorbed in a separate container to release carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide absorbent is recovered for recycling; the process is capable of producing carbon dioxide (71) having a purity greater than 99%; the main component of the gas after separating carbon dioxide is hydrogen, and a small amount of CO and water vapor are used as fuel gas (61) for a gas turbine; the heat required by the carbon dioxide capturing system (12) is also provided by the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide from the high temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (7); the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) stores a certain amount of supercritical carbon dioxide and receives low carbon dioxide therefromThe supercritical carbon dioxide (72) of the pressure air compressor (31) and the cooled supercritical carbon dioxide (79) from the heat regenerator (33), the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) provides carbon dioxide for the coal grinding and powder conveying system (2) for pneumatically conveying coal dust, and the supercritical carbon dioxide (81) can also be provided as working medium to participate in heat recovery of the gasification furnace (3) and the waste heat boiler (4) and heat utilization of the synthesis gas purification system (5), the water gas conversion device (11) and the carbon dioxide capturing system (12); the supercritical carbon dioxide (83) exceeding the storage capacity of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) is conveyed to a carbon dioxide sealing system or a carbon dioxide recycling system to realize near zero emission of carbon dioxide; in the starting process of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system taking supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium, a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) can provide stored supercritical carbon dioxide for a gasification furnace (3), a waste heat boiler (4) and a synthesis gas purification system (5), and a water gas conversion device (11), a carbon dioxide capturing system (12) and a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36) are used;
the working process of the gas turbine subsystem is as follows: the compressor (21) of the gas turbine compresses the filtered air (41) into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the high-temperature and high-pressure state enters the combustion chamber (22) from the air channel, the fuel gas (61) enters the combustion chamber (22) from the fuel channel, the fuel gas and the compressed air are combusted in the combustion chamber (22), the generated combustion chamber exhaust gas (63) enters the turbine (23), turbine blades are pushed to rotate so as to drive the first shaft (24), and the first generator (25) converts mechanical work output by the first shaft (24) into electric energy; the turbine exhaust (64) of the turbine (23) is subjected to heat convection with preheated high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (75) in a heater (34) to be further cooled and finally discharged; in order to maintain the power generation efficiency of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, the turbine exhaust (64) temperature is required to be not lower than 500 ℃ during normal operation;
the working process of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation subsystem is as follows: the high-purity carbon dioxide gas (71) separated from the carbon dioxide capturing system (12) enters a carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31) to be pressurized to a pressure exceeding 7.5MPa, and becomes supercritical fluid, wherein part of supercritical carbon dioxide (72) directly enters a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13), and the other part of supercritical carbon dioxide (73) enters a next-stage carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor (32) to be continuously compressed into high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (74); the high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (74) is preheated by a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust (78) through a regenerator (33) to become preheated high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (75), then heated by a turbine exhaust (64) of a gas turbine through a heater (34) to become high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (76), then enters a high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35) to push a blade to rotate so as to drive a second shaft (37), the high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust (77) with temperature and pressure reduced and the supercritical carbon dioxide (82) from a synthesis gas purification system (5), a water gas conversion device (11) and a carbon dioxide capture system (12) enter a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36) to push the blade to rotate so as to drive the second shaft (37), the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine exhaust (78) is further cooled by the high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide (74) through the regenerator (33) to become cooled supercritical carbon dioxide (79), and finally enters a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) to complete the Brayton cycle; the second generator (38) converts mechanical work output by the second shaft (37) into electrical energy.
3. The start-up process and shutdown process of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium of claim 1, wherein: the starting process comprises the following steps:
step S1: firstly, starting an air separation system (1) to prepare oxygen, entering a gasification furnace (3), utilizing carbon dioxide gas generated after supercritical carbon dioxide (80) stored in a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13) enters a coal grinding and powder conveying system to carry out pneumatic conveying on the coal grinding and the coal dust prepared by the powder conveying system (2) to enter the gasification furnace (3), starting the gasification furnace (3) until low-temperature crude synthesis gas (54) with stable chemical components is generated, wherein supercritical carbon dioxide for cooling required by the gasification furnace (3) and a waste heat boiler (4) is also from the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13);
step S2: in the starting process of the gasification furnace (3), a motor is utilized to drive a second shaft (37) to drive a carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31), a carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor (32), a high-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (35) and a low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36), until supercritical carbon dioxide (82) entering the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine from a synthesis gas purification system, a water gas conversion device and a carbon dioxide trapping system can stably drive the low-pressure carbon dioxide turbine (36);
step S3: after the gasification furnace (3) is started, starting a synthesis gas purification system (5);
step S4: restarting the water gas shift device (11);
step S5: finally, starting the carbon dioxide trapping system (12) until the fuel gas (61) with stable chemical components is generated, wherein in the process, as a gas turbine is not started yet, a heater (34) cannot perform heat exchange, and the carbon dioxide gas produced by the carbon dioxide trapping system (12) is compressed into a supercritical state by a carbon dioxide low-pressure compressor (31), wherein most of the carbon dioxide gas directly enters a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide storage tank (13);
step S6: starting the gas turbine subsystem after the carbon dioxide capture system (12) is capable of producing a stable fuel gas (61);
step S7: gradually increasing the air inflow of a carbon dioxide high-pressure compressor (32), starting a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation subsystem, and finally completing the starting process of the integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation system taking supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium;
the normal shutdown process of the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation system taking supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium is shutdown according to the reverse sequence of the starting process, namely from the step S7 to the step S1.
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