CN108978740B - Drilled pile quality detection method based on distributed ultrasonic sensor - Google Patents

Drilled pile quality detection method based on distributed ultrasonic sensor Download PDF

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CN108978740B
CN108978740B CN201810984009.9A CN201810984009A CN108978740B CN 108978740 B CN108978740 B CN 108978740B CN 201810984009 A CN201810984009 A CN 201810984009A CN 108978740 B CN108978740 B CN 108978740B
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ultrasonic
pile
ultrasonic sensors
bored
sensor
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CN108978740A (en
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唐玉
覃晖
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00Testing foundations or foundation structures

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground structure detection, and provides a drilled pile quality detection method based on distributed ultrasonic sensors, which is used for detecting specific positions of internal defects of a drilled pile. The quality detection of the drilled pile does not need to embed the acoustic pipe in the drilled pile, and is favorable for ensuring the integrity and the strength of the pile body of the drilled pile.

Description

Drilled pile quality detection method based on distributed ultrasonic sensor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground structure detection, and particularly relates to a drilled pile quality detection method based on a distributed ultrasonic sensor.
Background
The bored pile is one of the foundation piles commonly used in buildings, and has the function of transferring upper load to a soil layer with good bearing performance deeper underground so as to meet the requirements of bearing capacity and settlement. In the construction quality control process of the drilled pile, the integrity inspection of the pile body is an important control item. The currently common pile body defect detection methods mainly include a core drilling method, a foundation pile dynamic measurement method, an acoustic transmission method and the like. The core drilling method belongs to destructive detection, and only explains the structural quality in a very limited range around a core drilling hole, but cannot comprehensively reflect the defect distribution of a pile body; a method for dynamically measuring foundation pile features that an elastic wave sensor is fixed to pile head, and the vibration is excited at pile top to determine the defect and position of pile body by the principle of transmission and reflection of elastic wave in pile body.
The sound wave transmission method is that before the foundation pile is formed into hole and grouted into pile, the acoustic pipes are embedded in the pile body in vertical direction, the ultrasonic emitter and receiver are respectively placed in two adjacent acoustic pipes, and the ultrasonic emitter and receiver are respectively detected from bottom to top at a certain interval along the longitudinal direction of the pile, and the position, range and degree of the defect are deduced by utilizing the difference of sound velocity between the defect part and the complete part of the pile body. However, this approach has certain limitations: firstly, in the process of embedding the acoustic pipe, the bending deformation, blockage and even fracture of the acoustic pipe which is fixed on a reinforcement cage in advance are easily caused by pouring concrete on a pile body, so that an ultrasonic probe cannot enter the acoustic pipe; secondly, ultrasonic measurement can only be carried out in a pre-embedded acoustic pipe, the data volume is small, and the defect judgment precision is influenced; finally, the ultrasonic probe transmits and receives signals in the acoustic pipe, water in the acoustic pipe is usually used as a coupling agent, but the difference of the properties of the water and the concrete can cause the reflection of the ultrasonic wave at an interface, the energy entering the pile body is weakened, and the detection depth of the ultrasonic wave in the concrete is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing drilled pile defect detection technology and provides a drilled pile quality detection method based on a distributed ultrasonic sensor. The realization of the invention is completed by the following technical scheme:
the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a bored pile quality detection method based on distributed ultrasonic sensors is used for detecting specific positions of internal defects of bored piles, after pile body reinforcement cages 2 are manufactured, a plurality of ultrasonic sensors 3 are fixed at specified positions on the reinforcement cages 2 and are connected with a ground host 5 through data lines 4, the ultrasonic sensors 3 are buried inside the bored piles 1 when pile body concrete is poured, after pile body concrete is solidified, ultrasonic transmission measurement is carried out among the ultrasonic sensors 3, data of sound measured at each time are recorded, tomography is carried out when sound is measured, sound velocity distribution inside the bored piles 1 is obtained, and specific distribution of the internal defects of the bored piles 1 is obtained through sound velocity analysis.
The bored pile 1 is a conventional bored pile and is not limited to the constraint conditions of the diameter, length and soil around the pile.
The specified positions on the reinforcement cage 2 refer to a series of horizontal planes from the pile top to the pile bottom along the pile axis, and the horizontal planes divide the drilled pile 1 into a plurality of cylindrical areas.
The cylinder area consists of an upper bottom surface, a lower bottom surface (namely the series of horizontal planes) and a side surface (namely the periphery of the pile), the diameter of the bottom surface is the diameter D of the pile, the height h of the cylinder is determined according to the detection distance of the ultrasonic sensor 3 and the site construction condition, the height h is not limited to the specific height of the cylinder, but the height h is less than or equal to D · tan30 degrees.
The ultrasonic sensors 3 are arranged on the boundaries of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cylindrical area, are fixed on the inner side of the reinforcement cage 2 and can transmit and receive ultrasonic waves at the same time, and the number of the ultrasonic sensors 3 on each bottom surface is determined according to the imaging precision and the site construction condition.
The host 5 is mainly used for recording and analyzing signal data fed back by the ultrasonic sensor 3 and is connected with the communication end of the ultrasonic sensor 3 through the data line 4.
The ultrasonic transmission measurement means that for each cylinder area, all the ultrasonic sensors 3 on the upper bottom surface are responsible for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves at the same time, and all the ultrasonic sensors 3 on the lower bottom surface are only responsible for receiving the ultrasonic waves; namely: the first ultrasonic sensor 3 on the upper bottom surface transmits ultrasonic waves, the rest ultrasonic sensors (in-layer measurement) in the same plane and all the ultrasonic sensors (interlayer measurement) on the lower bottom surface receive the ultrasonic waves, then the second ultrasonic sensor on the upper bottom surface transmits ultrasonic waves, the rest ultrasonic sensors (in-layer measurement) in the same plane and all the ultrasonic sensors (interlayer measurement) on the lower bottom surface receive the ultrasonic waves, and so on until all the ultrasonic sensors on the upper bottom surface transmit the ultrasonic waves, the measurement of the area is completed. In this way, ultrasonic transmission measurements are taken of the cylindrical regions in sequence from the top of the bored pile 1 to the bottom of the pile.
The acoustic time refers to the time required for the ultrasonic wave to reach the receiving sensor from the transmitting sensor.
The tomography, namely elastic wave tomography, is an algorithm for carrying out inversion calculation according to sound obtained by ultrasonic scanning, reconstructing an image of the sound velocity distribution rule of the bored pile and deducing an abnormal area of the bored pile 1; when the drilled pile is complete in structure, the obtained ultrasonic sound velocity distribution is uniform, and the sound velocity value is high; when a certain part of the drilled pile has a defect, the sound velocity value at the position is obviously lower than that at other parts, namely a low-speed abnormal area exists, so that the defect in the pile body can be specifically judged according to the position, the size and the shape of the low-speed abnormal area.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the acoustic pipe does not need to be embedded in the drilled pile, so that the integrity and the strength of the pile body of the drilled pile are ensured; the ultrasonic sensor is directly poured in the pile body concrete, so that continuous lifting operation is not needed in the detection process, the detection workload is reduced, the detection efficiency is improved, the problem that a received signal fails due to inaccurate lifting positions of a transmitter and a receiver in the prior art is solved due to the fact that the reasonable position of the ultrasonic sensor is predetermined, the coupling performance between the ultrasonic sensor and the concrete is better, the attenuation of ultrasonic waves is reduced, and the detection precision is improved; the distributed ultrasonic sensor greatly increases the collected data volume, and the arrangement of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface enables the data coverage area to be wider, so that the imaging precision is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed ultrasonic sensor arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an ultrasonic transmission measurement of a region of the cylinder of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a data screening of the acoustic time measurements obtained from the interlayer measurements of FIG. 2;
in the figure: 1, drilling a pile; 2, a reinforcement cage; 3, an ultrasonic sensor; 4, a data line; 5, a host; 6, measuring a line; A-H cylinder area.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present example provides a method for detecting quality of a bored pile based on a distributed ultrasonic sensor, including the following steps:
(1) after the reinforcement cage 2 of the bored pile 1 is bound, a plurality of ultrasonic sensors 3 are fixed on the reinforcement cage 2. The ultrasonic sensors 3 are annularly arranged along a certain plane of the reinforcement cage, epoxy resin is adhered to the specified positions of the reinforcement cage 2, and if no reinforcement is arranged at the positions where the ultrasonic sensors 3 need to be fixed, a reinforcement can be welded at the positions for auxiliary fixation.
(2) Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the ultrasonic sensor 3 is arranged in the following manner: starting from the depth of 1 meter below the top of the bored pile 1, a ring of ultrasonic sensors 3 is horizontally and annularly arranged to the bottommost part of the reinforcement cage 2 at intervals of a depth not greater than D · tan30 °. In this embodiment, the diameter D of the pile is 1.2m, and the height H of the cylinder is not more than D · tan30 ° -0.69 m, and H is 0.5m, so that the ultrasonic sensor 3 divides the bored pile 1 into 8 cylinder detection regions, which are numbered a to H.
(3) In this embodiment, 10 ultrasonic sensors 3 are placed on the bottom surface of each cylinder, and the number of each ultrasonic sensor 3 and its position in the bored pile 1 are recorded in detail.
(4) Each ultrasonic sensor 3 is connected to a host 5 located on the ground by a data line 4, and the data line 4 lays longitudinal steel bars or stirrups which should be tightly attached to the steel reinforcement cage 2, and reliably protects the longitudinal steel bars or stirrups to avoid damaging the data line 4 when the bored pile 1 is concreted. The data line 4 should be checked again after being laid, the host 5 is used for data acquisition testing, the data line 4 connected to the host 5 is ensured to be in one-to-one correspondence with the serial number of the ultrasonic sensor 3, and the ultrasonic sensor 3 can work normally.
(5) And (3) construction of the bored pile 1: and installing a reinforcement cage 1 in the drilled hole, and pouring concrete. After concrete pouring is finished, the ultrasonic sensors 3 are completely buried in the bored pile 1, and only the data lines 4 connected with each ultrasonic sensor 3 are exposed out of the ground and connected to the host 5.
(6) And (4) after the concrete of the bored pile 1 is solidified (7 days), checking whether each ultrasonic sensor 3 can normally work again by adopting the method in the step (4), and recording the number and the position of the damaged ultrasonic sensor 3.
(7) Ultrasonic transmission measurements are taken for each cylinder area, and referring to fig. 2, this embodiment takes cylinder area a as an example. The ultrasonic transmission measurement is divided into two parts: firstly, in-layer measurement is carried out among all the ultrasonic sensors 3 on the upper bottom surface; and secondly, ultrasonic waves are sequentially transmitted through all the ultrasonic sensors 3 on the upper bottom surface, and all the ultrasonic sensors 3 on the lower bottom surface receive the ultrasonic waves to perform interlayer measurement, so that the whole cylinder area can be ensured to be completely covered by the ultrasonic waves. The method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, starting to transmit ultrasonic waves from any ultrasonic sensor 3 on the upper bottom surface of the region, receiving the ultrasonic waves by all the other ultrasonic sensors 3 which are positioned on the same plane with the transmitting sensor, and vividly representing the path from the transmitting sensor to the receiving sensor as a measuring line 6; secondly, the second ultrasonic sensor 3 on the upper bottom surface starts to emit ultrasonic waves, all the other ultrasonic sensors 3 which are positioned on the same plane with the emitting sensor receive the ultrasonic waves, and the in-layer measurement of the upper bottom surface is finished by analogy; starting to transmit ultrasonic waves from any one ultrasonic sensor 3 on the upper bottom surface, and receiving the ultrasonic waves by all the ultrasonic sensors 3 on the lower bottom surface; and fourthly, the second ultrasonic sensor 3 on the upper bottom surface starts to emit ultrasonic waves, all the ultrasonic sensors 3 on the lower bottom surface receive the ultrasonic waves, and the interlayer measurement of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface is finished by the analogy. Thereby completing the measurement of the area.
(8) According to the method described in (7), ultrasonic transmission measurement is performed on all the cylindrical areas of the bored pile 1, and in-layer and interlayer acoustic time data of each cylindrical area is obtained.
(9) The interlayer acoustic time data in each cylindrical region needs to be screened before tomographic imaging of the region using all of the acquired acoustic time data. When the included angle between the midpoint connecting line of a certain receiving ultrasonic sensor 3 and the transmitting ultrasonic sensor 3 on the lower bottom surface of the cylinder and the horizontal plane is not more than 30 degrees, the sound time data received by the receiving ultrasonic sensor 3 is retained, and the sound time data obtained by the receiving ultrasonic sensor 3 which does not meet the requirement on the lower bottom surface of the cylinder is abandoned, refer to fig. 3. And performing inversion calculation by using the effective sound time data of each cylindrical area, and establishing sound velocity distribution of each cylindrical area. And splicing the sound velocity distribution of all the cylindrical areas to obtain a sound velocity distribution rule image of the bored pile 1, carrying out sound velocity analysis according to the sound velocity distribution rule image, and judging the distribution range and the condition of the pile body defects according to the position, the size and the shape of the low-speed abnormal area in the sound velocity distribution.

Claims (2)

1. A bored pile quality detection method based on distributed ultrasonic sensors is used for detecting specific positions of internal defects of bored piles, and is characterized in that after pile body reinforcement cages (2) are manufactured, a plurality of ultrasonic sensors (3) are fixed at specified positions on the reinforcement cages (2) and are connected with a ground host (5) through data lines (4), the ultrasonic sensors (3) are buried in the bored piles (1) during pile body concrete pouring, after the pile body concrete is solidified, ultrasonic transmission measurement is carried out among the ultrasonic sensors (3) and data of sound measured each time are recorded, tomography is carried out during sound after the measurement is finished, sound velocity distribution in the bored piles (1) is obtained, and the specific distribution of the internal defects of the bored piles (1) is obtained through sound velocity analysis;
the specified positions on the reinforcement cage (2) refer to a series of horizontal planes from the pile top to the pile bottom along the pile axis, and the horizontal planes divide the drilled pile (1) into a plurality of cylindrical areas;
the cylinder area consists of an upper bottom surface and a lower bottom surface which are the series of horizontal planes and a side surface which is the periphery of the pile, the diameter of the bottom surface is the diameter D of the pile, the height h of the cylinder is determined according to the detection distance of the ultrasonic sensor (3) and the site construction condition, the cylinder is not limited to the specific height of the cylinder, but the height h is less than or equal to D.tan 30°
The ultrasonic sensors (3) are arranged on the boundaries of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cylindrical area, are fixed on the inner side of the reinforcement cage (2), and can transmit and receive ultrasonic waves at the same time, and the number of the ultrasonic sensors (3) on each bottom surface is determined according to the imaging precision and the site construction condition;
the host (5) is mainly used for recording and analyzing signal data fed back by the ultrasonic sensor (3) and is connected with the communication end of the ultrasonic sensor (3) through a data line (4);
the ultrasonic transmission measurement means that for each cylinder area, all the ultrasonic sensors (3) on the upper bottom surface are responsible for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves at the same time, and all the ultrasonic sensors (3) on the lower bottom surface are only responsible for receiving the ultrasonic waves; namely: the first ultrasonic sensor (3) on the upper bottom surface transmits ultrasonic waves, the rest ultrasonic sensors in the same plane and all the ultrasonic sensors on the lower bottom surface receive the ultrasonic waves, then the second ultrasonic sensor on the upper bottom surface transmits the ultrasonic waves, the rest ultrasonic sensors in the same plane and all the ultrasonic sensors on the lower bottom surface receive the ultrasonic waves, and the like, until all the ultrasonic sensors on the upper bottom surface transmit the ultrasonic waves, the measurement of the area is completed; according to the method, ultrasonic transmission measurement is carried out on each cylinder area from the top to the bottom of the drilled pile (1);
the acoustic time refers to the time required for the ultrasonic wave to reach the receiving sensor from the transmitting sensor;
the tomography, namely elastic wave tomography, is an algorithm for carrying out inversion calculation according to sound obtained by ultrasonic scanning, reconstructing an image of the sound velocity distribution rule of the bored pile and deducing an abnormal area of the bored pile (1); when the drilled pile is complete in structure, the obtained ultrasonic sound velocity distribution is uniform, and the sound velocity value is high; when a certain part of the drilled pile has a defect, the sound velocity value at the position is obviously lower than that at other parts, namely a low-speed abnormal area exists, so that the defect in the pile body can be specifically judged according to the position, the size and the shape of the low-speed abnormal area.
2. The method for detecting the quality of the bored pile based on the distributed ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1, wherein the bored pile (1) is a conventional bored pile and is not limited to the constraints of the diameter, the length and the soil around the bored pile.
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CN109487772B (en) * 2018-12-29 2020-08-25 河海大学 Acoustic pipe laying method for bubble mixed light soil subgrade
CN111456114B (en) * 2019-01-21 2022-05-13 广州市市政工程试验检测有限公司 Method for detecting thickness of pile body steel bar protection layer
CN110080315A (en) * 2019-05-05 2019-08-02 李鑫恺 A kind of expanding integrity test technique of foundation pile and instrument
CN110346172A (en) * 2019-08-07 2019-10-18 徐州工业职业技术学院 A kind of concrete drill core sampling system
CN110656665B (en) * 2019-09-24 2021-08-20 江苏大学 Automatic detection system and method for multi-pipeline ultrasonic nondestructive detection and three-dimensional modeling positioning dead pixel
CN112832301B (en) * 2020-12-31 2022-05-17 成都理工大学 Electromagnetic cast-in-place pile and precast pile detection method based on cylindrical coordinate system
CN113012099B (en) * 2021-01-27 2023-01-13 成都环境工程建设有限公司 Reinforcing cage shape inspection system applying uniform-speed rotation
CN113916981A (en) * 2021-09-22 2022-01-11 大连理工大学 Self-creeping type deep water pile foundation nondestructive testing device

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